9 research outputs found
Effect of Labor Division between Wife and Husband on the Risk of Divorce: Evidence from German Data
Using German panel data from 1984 to 2007, we analyze the impact of labor division between husband and wife on the risk of divorce. Gary Becker’s theory of marriage predicts that specialization in domestic and market work, respectively, reduces the risk of separation. Traditionally, the breadwinner role is assigned to the husband, however, female labor force participation and their wages have risen substantially. Our results suggest that there are gender-specific differences, e.g. female breadwinner-couples have a substantially higher risk of divorce than male breadwinner-couples. In contrast, the equal division does not significantly alter the probability of separation.divorce, labor division, Germany
Effect of Labor Division between Wife and Husband on the Risk of Divorce: Evidence from German Data
Using German panel data from 1984 to 2007, we analyze the impact of labor division between husband and wife on the risk of divorce. Gary Becker's theory of marriage predicts that specialization in domestic and market work, respectively, reduces the risk of separation. Traditionally, the breadwinner role is assigned to the husband, however, female labor force participation and their wages have risen substantially. Our results suggest that there are gender-specific differences, e.g. female breadwinner-couples have a substantially higher risk of divorce than male breadwinner-couples. In contrast, the equal division does not significantly alter the probability of separation.Divorce, labor division, Germany
Impact of Educational and Religious Homogamy on Marital Stability
Using a rich panel data set from the German Socio-Economic Panel, we test whether spouses who are similar to each other in certain respects have a lower probability of divorce than dissimilar spouses. We focus on the effect of homogamy with respect to education and church attendance. Gary Becker's theory of marriage predicts that usually, positive assortative mating is optimal. Our results, however, suggest that homogamy per se does not increase marital stability but higher education and religiousness.divorce, homogamy, education
Impact of educational and religious homogamy on marital stability
Using a rich panel data set from the German Socio-Economic Panel, we test whether spouses who are similar to each other in certain respects have a lower probability of divorce than dissimilar spouses. We focus on the effect of homogamy with respect to education and church attendance. Gary Becker's theory of marriage predicts that usually, positive assortative mating is optimal. Our results, however, suggest that homogamy per se does not increase marital stability but higher education and religiousness
Honey, why don't you see a doctor? Spousal impact on health behavior
Married individuals are usually found to be in better health than singles but it is not fully known why. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel we test one possible explanation, namely that two spouses encourage each other to a health-promoting behavior and monitor it. Therefore, we analyze the direct spousal impact on seeking medical advice, physical activity, and eating habits controlling for selection, positive assortative mating, and shared unobserved influences of the environment. While we find no causal effect regarding a health-conscious diet, the impact of the partner's doing sports is substantial. Moreover, females affect their male spouses in seeking medical advice but not the other way around. The latter result may explain why men usually benefit more from marriages than women
"Two people gotta stick together..."
The present thesis tries to obtain a better understanding how economic and
marriage-related decisions are linked to each other. The first part deals with
cross-spouse effects on economic decisions, in this case on health behavior and
on labor force participation at older age. The second part examines the impact
of various economic factors on the risk of marital dissolution. In summary, all
chapters show that there are strong interrelationships between the two most important aspects in life, namely family and career. However, we also see that men
and women react and behave differently. For instance, the wife has an effect on
the husband’s probability to see the doctor but not vice versa. Moreover, a female breadwinner increases the risk of divorce substantially which we cannot find for couples with a male main earner. Thus, the results suggest that economic theory and empirical analyses do not only have to consider the family background but also to distinguish between men and women.
Needless to say that there are still many open questions. For instance, except
in Chapter 2, we restrict the analysis to married couples since cohabitation is
less common among older people and moreover, separation has usually less severe
consequences if the couple is not married. Nevertheless, given the growing
acceptance and equal treatment under law, it becomes increasingly interesting to
extend the analyses to cohabiting couples.
Moreover, not only family structure has changed, work life is also changing. More
and more jobs, in particular for high-educated, require high flexibility and mobility by both, men and women. Consequently, for a larger section of the population, the success of a relationship is challenged by commuting and living apart together.
It is not fully known yet to what extent these factors alter the risk of separation.
Another interesting aspect is the new parental-leave regulation. The new law provides financial incentives for fathers to take a share of the legal parental-leave.
However, given our result that female and male breadwinners do not seem to be
perfect substitutes, the question is whether maternity and paternity leave have a
different effect on marital stability.
Thus, there are still many aspects we do not know but, to conclude with Tina
Turner, “some people gotta stay whatever and give one another shelter on a rainy
day”
Gesundheitsökonomische Evaluation des Disease Management-Programms “Diabetes mellitus Typ 2“ der Knappschaft
Disease Management Programme (DMP) sollen die Behandlung chronisch kranker Patienten verbessern. Der mit der Durchführung der Programme verbundene enorme Ressourceneinsatz sowie die hohen Teilnehmerzahlen machen eine Evaluation notwendig. Die gesetzlich vorgeschriebene Evaluation ist deskriptiv konzipiert und ermöglicht keinen Vergleich zur Normalversorgung.
Für die Evaluation des DMP Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 der Knappschaft wurde ein Differenz-in-Differenzen-Ansatz auf Basis von Routinedaten gewählt. Die Behandlungseffekte sind so mittels Vergleich der unterschiedlichen Entwicklung von Interventions- und Kontrollgruppe, trotz zahlreicher Selektionseffekte, messbar.
Die Teilnehmer des DMP weisen signifikante Unterschiede zu nicht-teilnehmenden Diabetikern in der Vergleichsgruppe auf. Besonders positiv hervorzuheben ist die geringere Wahrscheinlichkeit für einen stationären Aufenthalt. In Bezug auf Arzneimittel und die Versorgung im ambulanten Bereich zeigen sie eine höhere Inanspruchnahme.
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Health-economic Evaluation of the Disease Management-Programme “Diabetes Mellitus Type 2” of the Knappschaft
Disease Management Programmes (DMP) aim to improve the medical care of chronically ill patients. The extensive use of resources involved in running the programmes and the large number of participants make it necessary to evaluate the programme. However, the statutory evaluation is descriptive and thus does not allow for a comparison with standard care.
We use administrative claims data from participating and non-participating diabetics insured with the Knappschaft and a difference-in-differences approach to evaluate the DMP for type 2 diabetes. Thus, we account for a selection bias and measure the causal effects of participation on the participants.
We show that the programme affects patient-centred care. Participants of the DMP have a significantly lower probability of a hospital stay, but have a higher rate of medication and outpatient care