Towards a muon collider

A muon collider would enable the big jump ahead in energy reach that is needed for a fruitful exploration of fundamental interactions. The challenges of producing muon collisions at high luminosity and 10 TeV centre of mass energy are being investigated by the recently-formed International Muon Collider Collaboration. This Review summarises the status and the recent advances on muon colliders design, physics and detector studies. The aim is to provide a global perspective of the field and to outline directions for future work

Towards a Muon Collider

A muon collider would enable the big jump ahead in energy reach that is needed for a fruitful exploration of fundamental interactions. The challenges of producing muon collisions at high luminosity and 10 TeV centre of mass energy are being investigated by the recently-formed International Muon Collider Collaboration. This Review summarises the status and the recent advances on muon colliders design, physics and detector studies. The aim is to provide a global perspective of the field and to outline directions for future work.Comment: 118 pages, 103 figure

Erratum:Towards a muon collider

LPT

Towards a muon collider

A muon collider would enable the big jump ahead in energy reach that is needed for a fruitful exploration of fundamental interactions. The challenges of producing muon collisions at high luminosity and 10 TeV centre of mass energy are being investigated by the recently-formed International Muon Collider Collaboration. This Review summarises the status and the recent advances on muon colliders design, physics and detector studies. The aim is to provide a global perspective of the field and to outline directions for future work

Erratum: Towards a muon collider

The original online version of this article was revised: The additional reference [139] has been added. Tao Han’s ORICD ID has been incorrectly assigned to Chengcheng Han and Chengcheng Han’s ORCID ID to Tao Han. Yang Ma’s ORCID ID has been incorrectly assigned to Lianliang Ma, and Lianliang Ma’s ORCID ID to Yang Ma. The original article has been corrected

Towards a muon collider

A muon collider would enable the big jump ahead in energy reach that is needed for a fruitful exploration of fundamental interactions. The challenges of producing muon collisions at high luminosity and 10 TeV centre of mass energy are being investigated by the recently-formed International Muon Collider Collaboration. This Review summarises the status and the recent advances on muon colliders design, physics and detector studies. The aim is to provide a global perspective of the field and to outline directions for future work

Untersuchungen und Technologieentwicklungen für ein neuartiges Myon-Collider Kühlschema

In dieser Arbeit wird die Strahldynamik in der letzten Kühlphase eines hoch energetischen Myonen-Kollisionsmaschine untersucht, indem die Ionisationskühlung die normalisierte transversale Emittanz auf den Zielwert reduziert. Dadurch kann der Kollisionsbeschleuniger maximale Luminositäten erreichen, die für Präzisionsstudien des Higgs- Bosons, leptonischer Partonverteilungsfunktionen und anderer fundamentaler Phänomene erforderlich sind. Als bahnbrechendes Werkzeug für die Hochenergiephysik treibt die Kollisionsmaschine mit Myonen die Weiterentwicklung der Beschleunigertechnologien voran.Die Ionisationskühlung ist eine schnell wirkende Technik, die die Emittanz von Myonenstrahlen innerhalb ihrer kurzen Lebensdauer vor allem durch Wechselwirkungen mit Material reduziert. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Semigaußsches Streumodell, parametrisiert mit dem Bethe-Wentzel-Modell, in das RF-Track Programm integriert. Die Implementierung wird mit etablierter Software verglichen, was die Eignung von RF-Track zur Simulation der Ionisationskühlung bestätigt und künftige Studien über kollektive Strahleffekte ermöglicht.Das Bethe-Wentzel-Modell wird außerdem für analytische Rechnungen zur transversalen Emittanzverringerung verwendet, die eine beispiellose Übereinstimmung mit der Simulation zeigt. Diese Innovation ermöglicht die Optimierung der anfänglichen Strahlenparameter in den Zellen des finalen Kühlens, ohne auf zeitintensive Makroteilchensimulationen angewiesen zu sein. Darüber hinaus schätzt dieses analytisches Modell für die Energiedeposition den Druckanstieg in Wasserstoffabsorbern, wobei sich herausstellt, dass frühere Annahmen den Druckanstieg im Wasserstoff nicht berücksichtigt worden sind. Es wird ein neues Design mit dichteangepassten Wasserstoff vorgeschlagen, um einen materialschädigenden Druckanstieg zu vermeiden.Ein entscheidender Beitrag dieser Arbeit ist die Entwicklung einer adiabatischen Hochfahr- Methode zur Strahlanpassung an ein 40T starkes Solenoid mit Wasserstoff. Dadurch wird ein angepasster Strahltransport von Solenoiden mit niedrigen in hohen Feldern gewährleistet. Es wird ein verfeinertes Sytem aus RF-Kavitäten und Solenoiden einge- führt, das die Kompaktheit und Realitätsnähe gegenüber früheren Designs verbessert.Das vorgeschlagene Endkühlungsdesign umfasst neun konfigurierte Zellen, jede mit angepassten Dichten des Wasserstoffes mit inkludierten Strahlfenstern, und bietet eine praktischere und effektivere Lösung für das final MyonenkühlenThis thesis investigates the beam dynamics of the final cooling stage in a multi-TeV muon collider, where ionization cooling reduces the normalized transverse emittance to its target value. Achieving this enables the collider to reach peak luminosities necessary for precision studies of the Higgs boson, leptonic parton distribution functions, and other fundamental phenomena. As a transformative tool for high-energy physics, the muon collider drives advancements in accelerator technologies.Ionization cooling is a fast-acting technique that reduces muon beam emittance within the muons’ short lifetime, primarily through interactions with material combined with high-field solenoids. This work incorporates a semi-Gaussian scattering model, parameterized with the Bethe-Wentzel model, into the RF-Track code. The implementation is compared to established tracking software, which confirms the suitability of RF-Track to simulate ionization cooling and allows future studies of collective beam effects.The Bethe-Wentzel model is further useful for the analytic evolution of the transverse emittance reduction, showing unprecedented agreement with the simulation. This innovation allows optimizing initial beam parameters in final cooling cells without relying on time-intensive macro-particle simulations. Furthermore, an analytical calculation for energy deposition estimates pressure increases in hydrogen absorbers, revealing that earlier assumptions underestimated the pressure increase within hydrogen. A new design with density-adjusted liquid and vapor hydrogen is proposed to mitigate excessive pressure buildup.A critical contribution of this thesis is the development of an adiabatic ramping method to match the beam to a 40 T solenoid. This ensures smooth beam transport from low- field to high-field solenoids incorporated with hydrogen. A refined RF-solenoid beamline layout is introduced, improving compactness and realism over previous designs. The proposed final cooling lattice comprises nine uniquely configured cells, each with adjusted hydrogen properties and beam windows, offering a more practical and effective solution the final cooling in a muon collider

Finales Kühlungszenario für einen Myon Collider - ein Türöffner für zukünfitge Entdeckungsmaschinen

Arbeit an der Bibliothek noch nicht eingelangt - Daten nicht geprüftAbweichender Titel nach Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersDiscovering unknown phenomena in particle physics – one of the most essential aspects of high energy physics, requires optimizing and developing high energy particle accelerators, for new discoveries. To be able to reach high particle energies (TeV) at all, new accelerators are needed that are larger and come with high financial costs. For this reason, it is very relevant to develop energy efficient and economic accelerators while continuing progress in that area. One of the most important goals is not only produce Higgs bosons on a much larger scale than it is possible so far, but also generate completely unknown particles. This will allow us to determine the mass of these particles and is likely to give us a glimpse of the physics beyond the Standard Model and therefore opening new doors for groundbreaking discoveries. Since the publication of the European Strategy for Particle Physics in 2020, it is known that scientists are further working on creating a concept of a new muon accelerator led by CERN.Advantage of this technology include that muons are leptons and therefore convert the entire center of mass energy to create new particles during collisions, which would not be possible in collisions with hadrons. This makes the lepton accelerator to a precision and discovery machine at high energies. Further, muons are 200 times heavier than electrons. As a result, bremsstrahlung and synchotron radiation may be neglected, which in turn cannot be done with electron accelerations. Nevertheless, the muon beam creates a high emittance after its creation, which drives the divergence of the beam. The only feasible way to reduce or cool this emittance within the very short lifetime of the muon is based on the principle of ionization cooling. Past studies have not achieved optimal final emittance values. Therefore, this work aims at gradually cooling the emittance of the muons beam by means of specific absorbers inside very high magnetic fields before it is finally accelerated to several TeV. As a result, the final cooling system should provide muon beams with the optimal properties required by the muon collider design.10

Final cooling scheme for muon colliders: a door opener for future discovery machines

Discovering unknown phenomena in particle physics – one of the most essential aspects of high energy physics, requires optimizing and developing high energy particle accelerators, for new discoveries. To be able to reach high particle energies (TeV) at all, new accelerators are needed that are larger and come with high financial costs. For this reason, it is very relevant to develop energy efficient and economic accelerators while continuing progress in that area. One of the most important goals is not only produce Higgs bosons on a much larger scale than it is possible so far, but also generate completely unknown particles. This will allow us to determine the mass of these particles and is likely to give us a glimpse of the physics beyond the Standard Model and therefore opening new doors for groundbreaking discoveries. Since the publication of the European Strategy for Particle Physics in 2020, it is known that scientists are further working on creating a concept of a new muon accelerator led by CERN.Advantage of this technology include that muons are leptons and therefore convert the entire center of mass energy to create new particles during collisions, which would not be possible in collisions with hadrons. This makes the lepton accelerator to a precision and discovery machine at high energies. Further, muons are 200 times heavier than electrons. As a result, bremsstrahlung and synchotron radiation may be neglected, which in turn cannot be done with electron accelerations. Nevertheless, the muon beam creates a high emittance after its creation, which drives the divergence of the beam. The only feasible way to reduce or cool this emittance within the very short lifetime of the muon is based on the principle of ionization cooling. Past studies have not achieved optimal final emittance values. Therefore, this work aims at gradually cooling the emittance of the muons beam by means of specific absorbers inside very high magnetic fields before it is finally accelerated to several TeV. As a result, the final cooling system should provide muon beams with the optimal properties required by the muon collider design