Risk factors for schistosomiasis morbidity in the total study population.

<p>OR) Odds Ratio; 95%CI) 95% Confidence Interval; Ref.) Reference category; N/A) Not Applicable; *) <i>p</i><0.05; **) <i>p</i><0.01; ***) <i>p</i><0.001.</p>a<p>For <i>S. haematobium</i>-specific bladder morbidity, the trend with age was significant at the level of <i>p</i> = 0.025 in the uni- and <i>p</i> = 0.043 in the multivariable analysis. For <i>S. mansoni</i>-specific hepatic fibrosis, the trend with age was significant in the crude analysis (<i>p</i><0.001). In the adjusted analysis the ORs for hepatic fibrosis increased with age in Diokhor Tack (<i>p</i><0.001) but they did not vary with age in Ndieumeul.</p>b<p>OR for a 10-fold increase in infection intensity.</p

<i>Schistosoma haematobium</i>-associated bladder morbidity, hematuria and <i>S. haematobium</i> infection in the two co-endemic communities studied.

a<p>GM) Geometric Mean; calculated for microscopically <i>S. haematobium</i>-positive individuals only.</p

Bladder and liver co-morbidity in the two co-endemic communities studied.

<p>Number of cases.</p

<i>Schistosoma mansoni</i>-associated hepatic fibrosis and <i>S. mansoni</i> infection in the two co-endemic communities studied.

a<p>GM) Geometric Mean; calculated for microscopically <i>S. mansoni</i>-positive individuals only. N/A) Not Applicable.</p

Age distribution of schistosomiasis morbidity in the two co-endemic communities studied.

<p>Colored stacks indicate morbidity prevalences and continuous black lines indicate mean 10log-transformed infection intensities among positive subjects with the standard error of the mean (whiskers). <b>Panel A:</b> Different forms of <i>S. haematobium</i>-specific bladder morbidity are denoted by a color gradient: light yellow stacks designate a urinary bladder score of 1, bright yellow a score of 2 and orange (3 and 4), red (5) and violet (6) indicate higher morbidity scores. The dotted red line indicates hematuria prevalence in a subsample (n = 317). <b>Panel B:</b> The severity of <i>S. mansoni</i>-specific fibrosis is denoted by a color gradient. Yellow stacks designate liver image pattern C, orange pattern D, red pattern E, and violet stacks indicate pattern F. Striped stacks designate those with borderline liver morbidity (pattern B, not classified as morbidity).</p

<i>S. mansoni</i> egg elimination, infection intensity and bladder morbidity in subjects passing <i>S. haematobium</i> eggs in urine.

a<p>GM) Geometric Mean; 95%CI) 95% Confidence Interval.</p

The effect of mixed <i>Schistosoma</i> infection on bladder morbidity and on hepatic fibrosis.

<p>OR) Odds Ratio; 95%CI) 95% Confidence Interval; Ref.) Reference category; N/A) Not Applicable; *) <i>p</i><0.05; **) <i>p</i><0.01; ***) <i>p</i><0.001.</p>a<p>The trends with age were not significant for <i>S. haematobium</i>-specific bladder morbidity, but for <i>S. mansoni</i>-specific hepatic fibrosis, they were at the level of <i>p</i><0.001 in both analyses.</p>b<p>OR for a 10-fold increase in infection intensity.</p>c<p>Mixed infections as compared to single <i>S. haematobium</i> infections.</p>d<p>Mixed infections as compared to single <i>S. mansoni</i> infections.</p

Bias comparison between CyFlow Counter and Pima CD4 from FACSCount results: samples with regard to their CD4 counts (FACSCount >10 cells/mm³; N = 124).

<p>the x-axis represents the CD4 counts from the FACSCount reference; the y-axis represents the relative bias of alternative methods from the FACSCount reference; the solid line represents the zero-bias.</p

Comparison between CyFlow miniPOC and FACSCount CD4 in field conditions: CD4 counts from both instruments were analyzed using Passing-Bablok (A) and Pollock (C).

<p>CD4% from both instruments were analyzed by Passing-Bablok (C) and Bland-Altman (D). In Passing–Bablok plots, the solid line represents the regression line and the dashed lines represent the 95% confidence interval for the regression line. In Pollock and Bland–Altman plots, the solid line represents the mean bias. The dashed lines represent the mean bias 6 1.96 SD, which are the upper and lower LOA.</p

Comparison of CD4 T-cell counts between Pima CD4 and FACSCount.

<p>95% CI means 95% of Confidence Interval; Low means CD4 lower than 200 cells/mm3; Medium means CD4 between 200 and 500 cells/mm3; High means CD4 greater than 500 cells/mm3; HIV+  =  HIV-infected patients, LOA  =  limits of agreement, SD  =  standard deviation.</p