12 research outputs found
Pengaruh Kecepatan Udara Primer dan Sekunder terhadap Kenerja Kompor Biomassa Berbahan Bakar Cangkang Kemiri
Household energy need in Indonesia, especially for cooking, are still dominated by LPG fossil fuels with 70% of LPG needs being imported. On the other hand, the availability of biomass waste, especially candlenut shells, is abundant. One way to optimize the use of candlenut shells is to use candlenut shells as fuel for biomass stoves by optimizing the efficiency of biomass stoves. In this study, a biomass stove with primary and secondary airflow was used with a combustion chamber diameter of 200 mm and a height of 340 mm. The biomass waste used is candlenut shells as fuel. The purpose of this study was to explain the increase in the performance of a biomass stove fueled with candlenut shell which is influenced by primary and secondary air velocity. Biomass stove testing includes thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, CO and CO2 emissions. The performance test results show that the biomass stove with a primary air velocity of 3.7 m/s, a secondary air velocity of 3.7 m/s has the highest thermal efficiency of 45.77%. The lowest specific fuel consumption is obtained from a biomass stove with a primary air velocity of 1.5 m/s, a secondary air velocity of 1.5 m/s, which is 0.583 kg/hour, and the emission test results show that complete combustion occurs with 0% CO emotion. on all air velocity variables studied
ANALISIS PENGARUH JENIS PLASTIK TERHADAP DENSITAS DAN KUAT TEKAN PADA BATAKO RINGAN BERBAHAN LIMBAH PLASTIK DAN BATU APUNG
The amount of plastic used in this era has many impacts, one of which is plastic waste, but this shows that plastic has many benefits and advantages so that it is used in almost all things in everyday life. Reuse (recycling) of plastic will be very helpful in dealing with plastic waste problems. One alternative to plastic recycling is the use of plastic waste as a material for making lightweight bricks. Problems that are often encountered in the use of conventional brick in this era are the density (density) and compressive strength, where the expected results are with a low density (density), can produce high compressive strength. Presentation of the above problems makes the writer interested in researching the use of plastic waste to be used as raw material for making lightweight bricks. In this study used 4 variations of plastic types, namely PP, LDPE, and HDPE, making plastic specimens mixed with pumice waste because it has porous and lightweight characteristics, with a ratio of 50:50 from volume. With each variation consists of 2 (two) beam-shaped samples to be tested for density (?) and compressive strength (P). A total of 6 samples. The results showed that LDPE plastic material mixed with pumice has the best density and compressive strength compared to other types of mixtures with the value of ? = 0.76g / cm2, and P = 123.15kg / cm2 or 12.08MPa.Besarnya penggunaan plastik di era ini memberi banyak dampak, salah satunya yaitu limbah plastik, namun hal ini menunjukkan bahwa plastik memiliki banyak manfaat dan kelebihan sehingga digunakan hampir diseluruh hal dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Pemanfaatan ulang (daur ulang) plastik akan sangat membantu dalam menangani permasalahan limbah plastik. Salah satu alternatif daur ulang plastik adalah penggunaan limbah plastik sebagai bahan pembuatan batako ringan. Permasalahaan yang sering dijumpai pada penggunaan batako konvensional di era ini yaitu massa jenis (densitas) dan kuat tekannya, dimana hasil yang diharapkan yaitu dengan massa jenis (densitas) yang rendah, dapat dihasilkan kuat tekan yang tinggi. Pemaparan masalah diatas membuat penulis tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian tentang pemanfaatan limbah plastik untuk digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan batako ringan. Pada penelitian ini digunakan 4 variasi jenis plastik, yaitu PP, LDPE, dan HDPE, Pembuatan spesimen plastik dicampur dengan limbah batu apung karena memiliki karakteristik yang berpori dan ringan, dengan perbandingan 50:50 dari volume. Dengan tiap variasi terdiri 2 (dua) sampel berbentuk balok untuk dilakukan pengujian densitas (?) dan kuat tekan (P). Total sampel sebanyak 6 buah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahan plastik LDPE campur batu apung memiliki nilai densitas dan kuat tekan yang paling baik dibanding campuran jenis lain dengan nilai ?= 0,76g/cm2, dan P= 123,15kg/cm2 atau 12,08MPa
Pengaruh Kecepatan Udara Primer Dan Sekunder Terhadap Kenerja Kompor Biomassa Berbahan Bakar Cangkang Kemiri
Household energy need in Indonesia, especially for cooking, are still dominated by LPG fossil fuels with 70% of LPG needs being imported. On the other hand, the availability of biomass waste, especially candlenut shells, is abundant. One way to optimize the use of candlenut shells is to use candlenut shells as fuel for biomass stoves by optimizing the efficiency of biomass stoves. In this study, a biomass stove with primary and secondary airflow was used with a combustion chamber diameter of 200 mm and a height of 340 mm. The biomass waste used is candlenut shells as fuel. The purpose of this study was to explain the increase in the performance of a biomass stove fueled with candlenut shell which is influenced by primary and secondary air velocity. Biomass stove testing includes thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, CO and CO2 emissions. The performance test results show that the biomass stove with a primary air velocity of 3.7 m/s, a secondary air velocity of 3.7 m/s has the highest thermal efficiency of 45.77%. The lowest specific fuel consumption is obtained from a biomass stove with a primary air velocity of 1.5 m/s, a secondary air velocity of 1.5 m/s, which is 0.583 kg/hour, and the emission test results show that complete combustion occurs with 0% CO emotion. on all air velocity variables studied
Simulasi Penyebaran dan Persentase Fatalitas Oleh Gas SO2 dan CO2 Hasil Pembakaran PLTU Independent Power Producer (IPP) Lombok Timur (50 MW) Dengan Low Rank Coal Menggunakan Model Gaussian
The Sembelia Steam Power Plant is located in East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara and is managed by PT. Lombok Energy Dynamic uses the light coal until 200,000 tons per year. This case can be the environmental pollution. This study aims to calculate the SO2 and CO2 exhaust gases into the environment by the simulation as well as included the fatality percentage due to coal combustion of the The Sembelia Steam Power Plant with the model of Gaussian. This research was carried out by calculating the SO2 and CO2concentrations released concentration. At the end of these project, we calculated the SO2 and CO2 released by the dispersion potential and fatality percentage at four points around it. The result of this research showed that the dispersion mass of SO2 dispersion was 0.096 kg per second (with distance of 2,000 to 46,000 m). This result showed that the increases (6.876x10-46 ppm to 1.276x10-5 ppm), and then showed that the decreases to 0 ppm. Fatality percentage in this study is 0 percent. The potential of CO2 dispersion with an outgoing mass of 8,252 kg/second increased (2,000-58,000 m) with a concentration of 62.47x10-63 ppm to 7.9x10-4ppm. In the other hand, the concentration of CO2 was reduced to 0 ppm. In the end of this study showed that fatality percentage by the CO2 released is 0percent, and the calculation of dispersion at four points around the The Sembelia Steam Power Plant is safe from the SO2 and CO2dispersion
SIMULASI FINITE ELEMENT PENGARUH SIDE CRACK TERHADAP KARAKTRISTIK GETARAN PLAT ALUMUNIUM
The use of plates in engineering is usually found as the structure of the building, and aircraft wings. In operation, the plate often fail to crack. Crack causes sudden failure that can harm humans who are around the structure. Therefore, cracks in the structure must be detected as early as possible. One way to detect the crack was to detect changes in the characteristics of vibration that was natural frequencies and mode shapes of structure. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of position and crack length on natural frequency and shape mode that can be used to detect crack. In this study, finite element method was using to analysis the natural frequencies and mode shapes of aluminum plate. The geometry of plates was made using Abaqus / CAE 6.11. the side crack made as notch 0.25mm width and boundary conditions was the clamp-free-free-free (CFFF). This research shown that the longer crack the smaller natural frequency of plate.Penggunaan plat dalam bidang teknik sangat banyak ditemukan seperti struktur bangunan, dan sayap pesawat terbang. Dalam operasionalnya, plat sering mengalami kegagalan crack. Crack dapat menyebabkan kegagalan tiba-tiba yang dapat membahayakan manusia yang berada di sekitar struktur tersebut. Oleh karena itu, crack pada suatu struktur harus dideteksi sedini mungkin. Salah satu cara mendeteksi crack adalah dengan mendeteksi perubahan karakteristik getaran yaitu frekuensi alami dan mode shape suatu strukstur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh posisi dan panjang crack terhadap frekuensi alami dan mode shape yang dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi crack. Pada penelitian ini, analisis frekuensi alami dan mode shape plat alumunium 1100 dilakukan dengan simulasi finite element menggunakan software ABAQUS/CAE 6.11. Penelitian dilakukan dengan membuat geometri plat di ABAQUS/CAE 6.11 dan side crack berupa notch dengan lebar 0.25mm dan boundary condition clamp-free-free-free (CFFF). Dari penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa semakin panjang crack maka frekuensi alami plat semakin kecil
Karakteristik Bioreaktor Dengan Sistem Kontrol Suhu Sebagai Instrumen Feremetnasi Pembuatan Produk Masin Bebahan Baku Udang Rebbon (Mysis relicta)
Saaat ini pengolahan hsail laut dilakukan dengan metode sederhana, sehingga perlu adanya teknologi otomatis yang dapat menanggulangi masalah tersebut, terutama pengontrolan suhu, sebab merupakan faktor utama keberhasilan fermentasi masin. Tujan penelitian ini adalah perencangan serta karakterisasi bioreaktor proses pembuatan masin dengan control suhu otomatis. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara perancangan bioreactor berbentuk kotak dengan ukuran 10cm x 5cmx800 cm. Tahap krakterisrik dilakukan pengujian kestabilan suhu reaktor (37oC) sebagai suhu optimal proses fermentasi. Selain itu dilakukan pengujian kimia dan biologi produk masin dengan melihat kadar air produk, kadar proten dan kadar lemaknya serta jumlah mikroba. Percobaan dilakukan pada hari ke-3 dan 7 fermentasi. Hasil memperlihatkan kontrol suhu bekerja dengan maksimal, baik hari ke-3 maupun ke-7. Hasil memperlihatkan nilai rata-rata persentase error pengujian kontrol suhu hari ke-3 untuk tiga kali pengulangan adalah sebesar 1,52%, 0,30% dan 0,39% dengan suhu rata-rata adalah 37,24oC. Sedangakan pada hari ke-7 suhu rata-rata bioreaktor sebesar 37,1°C dengan nilai rata-rata persentase error untuk tiga kali ulangan adalah sebesar 0,37%, 0,45% dan 0,38%. Kadar air terbaik didapatkan pada penggunaan bioreaktor hari ke-7. Kadar protein pada hari ke-3 menggunakan bioreaktor yaitu 12,32%. Kadar lemak terbaik pada hari ke-7 dengan bioreaktor. Sedangkan kadar mikroba terbaik hari ke-3 tanpa reaktor yaitu 18x104
Karakterisasi Proses Gasifikasi Menjadi Listrik Berbahan Baku Sampah Padat Perkotaan Menggunakan Reaktor Tipe Downdraft Di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat
Indonesia is currently experiencing the problem of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), energy and environmental crisis. Gasification by electric generator is the solution. This study about the design and characterization of the gasification reactor with MSW feed. This research was conducted by examining the effect of gasification temperature (550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850oC) and Air Fuel Ratio variations (0,5; 0,51; 0,53; 0,54; and 0,55). The variabel tes of temperature variations is syngas, FC, CGE,CCE, and scf. The AFR evaluated syngas and SCF. The result showed an increase the syngas levels with the increasing the gasification temperature, except CO2. The FC value increased(71% to 74%) and The CGE increases (77 to 97%). The CCE increases from 69% to 78% (550-650oC) and decreases again to 66% (850oC), and Scf decreased (4.5-0.5 kg/kWh). In the AFR variation, syngas levels increase with increasing AFR, but scf decreased (5.3 to 2)
Karakteristik Bioetanol Gel dari Buah Berenuk (Crescentia cujete L.)
Berenuk (Crescentia cujete L.) is one of the non-food plants that can be converted into bioethanol, where the carbohydrate in the pulp is quite high at 15.56% (wet basis) and 68.31% (dry basis). The bioethanol produced is liquid, so when used it will be at risk of spilling and flammable, because it is volatile. The physical properties of bioethanol can be modified into gels by adding thickening agents such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), so they are relatively safe when used. The aim of this study was to produce bioethanol gel from berenuk fruit (Crescentia cujete L.) and determine the characteristics of the biotenol gel, which includes: water content, ash content, and heating value. In this study, bioethanol gel was made by mixing liquid bioethanol with CMC thickener using magnetic stirrer for ±15 minutes at a speed of 600 rpm From the results of this study it can be concluded that the best characteristics of bioethanol gel were obtained by adding 3 grams of CMC (6% w/ v), namely 94.94% moisture content, 0.75% ash content and 2,344 cal/ gr heat value.ABSTRAK Berenuk (Crescentia cujete L.) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan non-pangan yang dapat dikonversi menjadi bioetanol, dimana kandungan karbohidrat dalam dagingnya cukup tinggi yaitu 15,56% (wet basis) dan 68,31% (dry basis). Bioetanol yang dihasilkan berwujud cair, sehingga pada saat digunakan akan beresiko tumpah dan mudah terbakar. Sifat fisik bioetanol dapat dimodifikasi menjadi gel dengan penambahan bahan pengental seperti carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), sehingga relatif aman ketika digunakan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan bioetanol gel dari buah berenuk (Crescentia cujete L.) dan mengetahui karakteristik dari biotenol gel tersebut, yang meliputi: kadar air, kadar abu, dan nilai kalor. Pada penelitian ini, bioetanol gel dibuat dengan mencampurkan bioetanol cair dengan bahan pengental CMC menggunakan magnetic stirrer selama ±15 menit dengan kecepatan 600 rpm. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpukan bahwa karakteristik bioetanol gel terbaik diperoleh pada penambahan CMC sebanyak 3 gram (6% b/v) yaitu kadar air 94,94%, kadar abu 0,75% dan nilai kalor 2.334 kal/ gr. Kata kunci: karakteristik; bioetanol gel; buah berenu
PENGARUH PERSENTASE KOMPOSIT BATU APUNG DAN PLASTIK PET TERHADAP DAYA SERAP BUNYI
This sound absorption test was conducted by finding the value of Sound Transmission Class (STC) using the impedance tube testing method that refers to the ASTM E413 standard. This study aims to determine the effect of the percentage of composite pumice - PET plastic on sound absorption. As for the variation of the volume fraction of pumice: PET plastic that is (40:60, 50:50, 60:40)% based on the volume ratio. In this study it can be seen that the highest value in the sound absorption test is found in composites with a volume fraction of 40:60 with an STC value of 25, while the lowest value is found in composites with a volume fraction of 60:40 with an STC value of 11. Based on the results of this study, composite with a volume fraction of 40:60 is the best percentage in the sound absorption test because the greater the STC of a material, the better it is at absorbing sound.Penelitian uji daya serap bunyi ini dilakukan dengan mencari nilai Sound Transmission Class (STC) menggunakan metode pengujian tabung impedansi yang mengacu pada standar ASTM E413. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh persentase komposit batu apung - plastik PET terhadap daya serap bunyi. Adapun variasi fraksi volume batu apung:plastik PET yaitu (40:60, 50:50, 60:40)% berdasarkan perbandingan volume. Pada penelitian ini dapat diketahui bahwa nilai tertinggi pada pengujian daya serap bunyi terdapat pada komposit dengan fraksi volume 40:60 dengan nilai STC sebesar 25, sedangkan nilai terendah terdapat pada komposit dengan fraksi volume 60:40 dengan nilai STC sebesar 11. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, komposit dengan fraksi volume 40:60 merupakan persentase paling baik pada pengujian daya serap bunyi karena semakin besar STC suatu material maka semakin baik dalam menyerap bunyi
ANALISIS KOLEKTOR PELAT BERGELOMBANG TERHADAP PANAS YANG BERGUNA DAN LAJU PENGERINGAN PADA SOLAR DRYER RUMPUT LAUT DI SUMBAWA
Seaweed is one of the superior commodities of aquaculture in Kertasari Village, Taliwang District, Sumbawa Barat, Nusa Tenggara Barat, with an area of ??1,550 ha in 2013 with a production of 9,850 tons. Post-harvest handling and processing of seaweed is still conducted traditionally, efficiency and the quality of seaweed produced is low. Long enough drying can affect the growth of microorganisms in seaweed, causing the growth of mold and fungus. The explanation of the problem above makes the writer try to find a solution of the problems faced by seaweed farmers in Kertasari Village, with a maker of seaweed dryers based on Solar Dryer. The solar dryer uses a corrugated plate solar collector with a slope angle of 45o and a zinc plate material with a thickness of 0.4 mm with a conductivity value (k) of 116 W / moC. In addition it uses a clear glass cover with a thickness of 3 mm with a slope of 15o. This tool uses a framework in the form of aluminum, with the tilt angle used can produce a Tout of 70.64 oC and Tin of 56.11 oC.Rumput laut (Seaweed) merupakan salah satu komoditif unggul perikanan budidaya di Desa Kertasari Kecamatan Taliwang, Sumbawa Barat, Nusa Tenggara Barat, dengan luas lahan 1.550 ha pada tahun 2013 dengan produksi sebesar 9.850 ton. Penanganan pasca panen dan pengolahan rumput laut masih dilakukan secara tradisional, sehingga produktivitas, efisiensi dan kualitas rumput laut yang dihasilkan menjadi rendah. Pengeringan yang cukup lama dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan mikroganisme pada rumput laut sehingga menyebabkan pertumbuhan kapang dan jamur. Pemaparan masalah diatas membuat penulis berusaha untuk menemukan solusi dari masalah yang dihadapi oleh petani rumput laut di Desa Kertasari, dengan pembuat alat pengering rumput laut berbasis Solar Dryer. Solar Dryer tersebut menggunakan kolektor surya pelat bergelombang dengan sudut kemiringan 45o dan bahan pelat seng dengan tebal 0,4 mm dengan nilai konduktivitas (k) 116 W/moC. Selain itu menggunakan penutup kaca bening dengan tebal 3 mm dengan kemiringan 15o. Alat ini menggunakan rangka berupa alumunium, dengan sudut kemiringan yang digunakan dapat menghasilkan Tout sebesar 70,64 oC dan Tin sebesar 56,11 oC