Novel, rosin‐based, hydrophobically modified cationic polyacrylamide for kaolin suspension flocculation

A novel, hydrophobically modified cationic polyacrylamide (HMPAM) was synthesized via the copolymerization of acrylamide, diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC), and diallylmethyl dehydroabietic acid propyl ester ammonium bromide. Optimum conditions for preparing HMPAM were such that the amount of initiator was 0.075 wt % of the total monomer mass, the monomer concentration was 20 wt %, and the amount of DMDAAC was 18 mol % of the total monomer molar mass. HMPAM was characterized with an UV–visible spectrometer, 1H‐NMR, Ubbelohde viscometer, rotational viscometer, and rotational rheometer. HMPAM solutions exhibited strong hydrophobic associations, and the critical association concentration of the HMPAM aqueous solution was about 0.7 wt %; the HMPAM solutions also showed salt thickening and shear resistance. The surface morphologies of the freeze‐dried HMPAM samples (1 wt %) were also observed via scanning electron microscopy. Compared with unmodified cationic polyacrylamide, Synthesis of HMPAM‐0.5 exhibited a stronger flocculation capacity, and the optimal transmittance of the supernatants was above 95%. HMPAM‐0.5 showed significant flocculation performances for 3–4 and 3–5 wt % kaolin suspensions at 40 and 50 mg/L, respectively. Moreover, the flocculation performance was enhanced with the addition of NaCl and CaCl2. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46637.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144283/1/app46637.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144283/2/app46637_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144283/3/app46637-sup-0001-suppinfo1.pd

Survey on Disposal Behaviour and Awareness of Mobile Phones in Chinese University Students

AbstractRetired mobile phones represent the most valuable electrical and electronic equipment in the main waste stream because of such characteristics as large quantity, high reuse/recovery value and fast replacement frequency. An online survey was conducted in the university students in China to identify the disposal behaviour and awareness of mobile phones, which will promote sustainable management of retired mobile phones. The results show that about 22% of the respondents replace their mobile phones annually, while most respondents replace their phones in 2-3 years. The most common reason for mobile phones replacement is the physical broken. 64% of the respondents stockpile their most recently retired phones mainly due to lack of formal management system. The survey results on mobile phones consumers’ environmental awareness also can help improve the policy-making. Nearly 50% of the respondents believe the recycling cost of the retired phones should be shared by all the stakeholders. The incentives with cash or voucher will be the efficient take-back approach. Some suggestions for constructing efficient management system for retired mobile phones are given based on the results and discussions, in which the important effects of the monetary incentives and targeted publicity are emphasized

Impact and Challenges of Intelligent IoT in Meteorological Science

The abundant data in meteorological science has facilitated applying big data techniques. The data collection was achieved by researchers using different atmospheric sounding methods in the past few decades. Compared with traditional methods, such as statistical forecast approaches and numerical weather prediction, intelligent Internet of Things (IoT) technologies have attracted extensive attention in meteorological science due to their significant advantages in data processing and analysis. In addition, extreme weather events and meteorological disasters have occurred frequently around the world in recent years. Against this background, this article aims to introduce the application of intelligent IoT technologies in meteorological science and elaborate the encountered open problems as well as the challenges in the future. Along with the introduction of intelligent IoT, a comprehensive review of current studies on meteorological observation, forecast, and services with intelligent IoT is provided. Correspondingly, the impact of intelligent IoT on meteorological businesses is analyzed. Finally, as for the meteorological operations in IoT based on artificial intelligence (AI), some open research issues, countermeasures and future potential research directions are put forward

Rethinking pulmonary toxicity in advanced non-small cell lung cancer in the era of combining anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy with thoracic radiotherapy.

The combination of programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 blockade and thoracic radiotherapy has become the new standard of care in the treatment of locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. The information regarding the pulmonary safety of such therapy remains limited to mostly retrospective studies and case reports with a small portion of data from prospective clinical trials. By analyzing the underlying mechanisms of interactions between radiation and immunotherapy from preclinical data and summarizing safety data from relevant clinical studies with pulmonary toxicity, we believe that longer and rigorous follow-up is warranted, to determine if the combination of such modalities is appropriate for patients without risking undue toxicity

Establishment of an isotope dilution LC-MS/MS method revealing kinetics and distribution of co-occurring mycotoxins in rats

An isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method with a fast sample preparation using homemade clean-up cartridges was developed for simultaneous determination of co-occurring mycotoxins exemplified with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and T-2 toxin (T-2) in representative biomatrices of rat plasma, heart, liver, kidney, spleen, lung and brain in a total run time of 7 min. The established approach using stable internal standards of [C-13(17)]-AFB1 and [C-13(24)]-T-2 was extensively validated by determining the specificity, linearity (R-2 >= 0.9990), sensitivity (lower limit of quantitation at 0.05 ng mL(-1)), accuracy (70.9-107.7%), precision (RSD = 70.8%). Based on this methodological advance, the subsequent kinetics and tissue distribution after oral administration of 0.5 mg kg(-1) b.w. of both AFB1 and T-2 in rats were thoroughly studied. As revealed, both AFB1 and T-2 were rapidly eliminated with the half-life time (t(1/2)) in plasma of 8.44 +/- 4.02 h and 8.12 +/- 4.05 h, respectively. Moreover, AFB1 accumulated in all organs where the highest concentration was observed in liver (1.34 mu g kg(-1)), followed by kidney (0.76 mu g kg(-1)). Notably, only low levels of T-2 were observed in spleen (0.70 mu g kg(-1)) and in liver (0.15 mu g kg(-1)). The achieved data as supporting evidence would substantially promote the practical application of the proposed LC-MS/MS method for in vivo toxicokinetics and toxicity studies of co-occurring mycotoxins imitating natural incidence in rat system

Status and Problems in Location Model Research for Guidance Signage in Comprehensive Passenger Transportation Hubs

Internal guidance signs are critical for the normal operation of a comprehensive passenger transportation hub. In the present paper, the procedures, methods and restrictions on the development of guidance sign locations are summarized in terms of the planning and design method of guidance signs and an evaluation of guidance sign service manuals after a sorting and analysis of relevant literature. The results show that the existing location model fails to quantitatively describe the behavior characteristics of massive passenger flows and results in the spatial planning and design of guidance signage being inaccessible for many in mass passenger transit and spatial topological networks resulting from 3D hub architecture make the constraint conditions of location models more complex. Sophisticated guidance signs and location models responding to behavioral characteristics and spatial topological networks will be a trend of interest in the optimal layout of future comprehensive passenger transportation hubs