The Impact of Technological Innovation and Institutional Quality on the Environment in Nigeria

The study investigated the impact of technological innovation institutional quality on the environment in Nigeria The study spanned from 1990 to 2022 The key variables in the study were technological innovation as proxy by technological index institutional quality as proxy by six governance indicators and carbon emission as proxy for environment While the control variables include energy consumption and Gross domestic product The study first conducted a pre-estimation test using Descriptive statistics and Correlation matrix and Augmented Dickey Fuller test for stationarity while Ordinary least was used as major estimation techniques since it does not violates classical linear regression assumption The findings from the preliminary estimation shows that all data series are stationarity at levels The result form the best linear unbiased estimates indicate that environmentally related technological innovation destructively affects C02 emissions while energy consumption and economic growth positively impact C02 emission

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SAKUB SHEEP FARMING IN SAKUB SHEEP DEVELOPMENT CENTER OF BREBES REGENCY

Sakub sheep are a type of local livestock in Indonesia that is increasingly being raised in the Brebes Regency. Information related to the economic analysis of Sakub sheep still needs to be improved. Thus, the efficiency of farming operations and the Break-Even Point (BEP) concerning the factors affecting farmers must be better understood. Therefore, it is necessary to research the factors influencing the efficiency of businesses (R/C) and the Break Even Point in Sakub sheep farming. The study was conducted with 69 Sakub sheep farmers, with respondents selected through simple random sampling. Data was collected through interviews and direct surveys with the farmers using questionnaires. The research locations were determined purposively, and the study was conducted from October to December 2023 in Pandansari Village, Paguyangan District, and Wanareja Village, Sirampog District, Brebes Regency, Central Java. The sample size was determined using the Harry King Nomograph formula. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the age of the farmers and the number of livestock owned significantly affected the efficiency of operations (R/C), while education and farmer experience significantly affected the BEP Price and BEP Production

THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION AND INSTITUTIONAL QUALITY ON THE ENVIRONMENT IN NIGERIA

The study investigated the impact of technological innovation and institutional quality on the environment in Nigeria.  The study spanned from 1990 to 2022.  The key variables in the study were technological innovation as proxy by technological index, institutional quality as proxy by six governance indicators, and carbon emission as proxy for environment.  While the control variables include energy consumption and Gross domestic product.  The study first conducted a pre-estimation test using Descriptive statistics and Correlation matrix, and Augmented Dickey Fuller test for stationarity while Ordinary least was used as major estimation techniques since it does not violate classical linear regression assumption.  The findings from the preliminary estimation shows that all data series are stationarity at levels.  The result form the best linear unbiased estimates indicate that environmentally related technological innovation destructively affects C02 emissions while energy consumption and economic growth positively impact C02 emissions.  Based on these findings, the government should raise investment in environmental technological innovation so as to improve the quality of institutional environment to achieve sustainable development target

Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Ethylbenzene to Acetophenone: A Review of Catalyst Systems and Reaction Mechanisms

Acetophenone is an important chemical intermediate often employed in the production chain of many pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, food, and cosmetic products. It is industrially produced as a byproduct of the Hock process. However, a growing demand for acetophenone has necessitated consideration of alternative production routes. The oxidation of ethylbenzene to acetophenone (OEB-A) is one of the most considered alternatives due to the low cost and availability of ethylbenzene (EB). The EB is one of the products of refinery downstream processes that is obtained from the xylene/EB isomerization unit. Although the OEB-A reaction is considered inexpensive, it has not been of great interest due to the inert behavior of C–H bond, relatively low acetophenone selectivity, and cumbersome separation strategies for extracting acetophenone from other reaction byproducts. In this Review, we discuss the recent advances in the OEB-A reaction covering both homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. Advances in catalyst design and development including ligand design and coordination strategies and tuning of support properties have, over the years, proven to be effective in increasing acetophenone selectivity during the OEB-A process. Exploring a single-atom catalyst’s definitive active centers and high atom efficiency in the OEB-A reaction has demonstrated high-throughput results, even though not well harnessed due to the challenges of controlled synthesis of single-atom metal catalyst. Solvent-free, the OEB-A reaction has demonstrated to be attractive due to its ease of product collection and environmental friendliness. Green synthesis strategies such as metal-free OEB-A reaction and CO2-assisted OEB-A reaction have been reviewed. The CO2 assisted OEB-A reaction has not received the desired attention, even though considerable improvement in catalytic performance was reported. Considering the importance of carbon circular economy and the ready availability of CO2, the CO2 assisted OEB-A reaction could be an interesting research focus in the near future

Detection of hepatitis viruses in suspected cases of Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers in Nigeria.

There have been several Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (VHF) outbreaks in Nigeria which remains a public health concern. Despite the increasing number of suspected cases of VHF due to heightened surveillance activities and growing awareness, only a few cases are laboratory-confirmed to be VHF. Routinely, these samples are only tested for Lassa virus and Yellow fever virus with occasional testing for Dengue virus when indicated. The aetiology of the disease in these VHF suspected cases in Nigeria which are negative for Lassa, Yellow fever and Dengue viruses remains a puzzle. Since the clinical features exhibited by suspected VHF cases are like other endemic illnesses such as Hepatitis, there is a need to investigate the diversity and co-infections of hepatitis viruses as differentials and possible co-morbidity in suspected cases of VHFs in Nigeria. A total of three hundred and fifty (350) blood samples of 212 (60.6%) males and 138 (39.4%) females, aged <1-70 years with a mean age of 25 ±14.5, suspected of VHFs and tested negative for Lassa, Yellow fever and Dengue viruses were investigated for Hepatitis A, B, C and E viruses at the Centre for Human and Zoonotic Virology (CHAZVY), College of Medicine, University of Lagos (CMUL) using serologic and molecular techniques. The serologic analysis of these VHF suspected cases samples revealed that 126 (36%) were positive for at least one hepatitis virus. Individual prevalence for each of the hepatitis virus screened for showed that 37 (10.6%), 18 (5.1%) and 71 (20.3%) were positive for HBV, HCV and HEV respectively. All the samples were negative for HAV. A co-infection rate of 11.9% was also observed, with HCV/HEV co-infections being the most prevalent and the Northern region having the greatest burden of infection. The evidence of hepatitis virus infections in suspected cases of VHF was documented. Thus, their associations as co-morbidities and/or mortalities in this category of individuals require further investigations in endemic countries such as Nigeria. Therefore, the possible inclusion of screening for hepatitis viruses and other aetiologic agents that could mimic infections in suspected cases of VHFs in Nigeria should be thoroughly evaluated to guide informed policy on the diagnosis and management of these cases

Raw data and analysis.

(XLSX)</p

Saliva all positive figures.

(XLS)</p

S2 File -

(DOCX)</p

Fig 1 -

Cycle Threshold (Ct) values for SARS-CoV-2 positivity to (A) E-gene, (B) N-gene, and (C) Orf1ab gene respectively, show good comparison on both the Saliva and the Nasopharyngeal swab: The median Cycle Threshold (Ct) values for the three SARS-CoV-2 genes (E, N, and Orf1ab) of the positive samples (Ct 40) from both the nasopharyngeal swab and saliva samples were compared using the Wilcon signed rank exact test. The p values of 0.07715, 0.8438, and 0.2293 were determined for the E, N, and Orf1 ab genes respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the median SARS-CoV-2 E-gene, N-gene, and Orf1ab gene Ct values detected for the Nasopharyngeal swab and Saliva samples.</p

Relationship of SARS-CoV-2 positivity with gender and age groups.

Relationship of SARS-CoV-2 positivity with gender and age groups.</p