Optimasi Pemanfaatan Tanaman Transgenik

Human effort on improving agricultural crops has been expanding very rapidly, and recently by using gene transformation technology it was possible to introduce genes from biologically unrelated organisms into plant genomes. Gene transformation technology, known as transgenic technology, has been successfully introduced gene encoding insecticidal compound from bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis into several crops, for example. Introducing new technology is offering several advantages but also brings several disadvantages however since the technology isImportant for maintaining increase of crop production, it was necessary to optimize utilization of transgenic technology

Analisis Keragaman Genetik Manggis Dalam Satu Pohon

Manggis (Garcinia mangostana) termasuk dalam kelompok Garcinia, merupakan tanaman asli dari Asia Tenggara. Manggis memiliki sistem reproduksi melalui mekanisme apomiksis yang bijinya terbentuk tanpa fertilisasi. Manggis termasuk tanaman apomiksis obligat, progeni yang dihasilkan akan memiliki kesamaan genotip dengan tanaman induk. Namun Kenyataan di lapangan menunjukkan adanya keragaman genetik antaraksesi manggis. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui keragaman morfologi dan genetik dalam satu pohon. Sampel tanaman yang digunakan berasal dari empat generasi manggis (P1, P2, P3, dan P4) Wanayasa, Purwakarta. Pengambilan sampel berdasarkan ketinggian tanaman dan masing-masing ketinggian dibagi menjadi empat sektor (utara, timur, selatan, dan barat). Penelitian meliputi tiga analisis, yaitu morfologi, molekuler dengan ISSR, dan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat keragaman morfologi dan genetik dalam satu pohon. Keragaman morfologi lebih besar dari pada genetik. Tingkat keragaman morfologi sebesar 18–43%, sedangkan keragaman genetik adalah 2–17%

SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) Analysis for Blast Resistant Evaluation on 12 Genotypes of Rice

Resistance evaluation to blast disease (Pyricularia grisea) on 12 paddy genotypes was carried out in the green house by using spray inoculated method with race 033 and 041 of P. grisea , and SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) marker by using Pib primer pairs. The results revealed that among 12 paddy genotypes were classified into six resistance groups. The first group comprised two genotypes (Jatiluhur and Asahan) having three resistance genes. The second group comprised two genotypes (Oryza malampuzhaensis and O. punctata) having two resistance genes against race 033 and 041. The third group had one resistance gene against race 033, comprised one genotype (Way Rarem). The fourth group comprised one genotype (Danau Tempe) having two resistance genes against 041 race and Pib. The fifth group comprised three genotypes (Kalimutu, Maninjau and Laut Tawar) having two resistance genes against race 033 and Pib. The sixth group comprised two genotypes (Kencana Bali and Cirata) having no resistance gene to blast race 033 and 041, and Pib. These results indicated that Pib gene did not confer resistance to race 033 and 041 of Pyricularia grisea. Resistance to race 033 and 041 might be controlled by different resistant gene

Development of SCAR Marker for Detection of Sex Expression in Papaya (Carica Papaya L.) From Several Genetic Backgrounds

Papaya plants are hermaphrodite, pistillate, or staminate. Sex inheritance in papaya is determined by a single gene locus with three alleles of M which is dominant for maleness, MH for hermaphrodites and m which is recessive for femaleness. Only fruits from hermaphrodite plants are marketed since they have the necessary commercial characteristics, i.e., they are pear-shaped and have thicker flesh and a smaller internal cavity. Increased papaya yield has been limited mainly by the ratio of female to hermaphrodite (1: 2) plants normally occurring in orchards. This ratio causes great losses to papaya producers. Identification of seedlings sex during nursery stage is of prime iportance. In order to obtain simple DNA markers to identify sex expression in papaya, five SCAR markers of 20-21 primers were utilized. Examination of these markers into 24 genotypes of papaya from 12 populations of different genetic background revealed that pair of primer PKBT-5 had successfully differentiated male and hermaphrodite plants from female plants. Hence, PKBT-5 pair of primer can be utilized as DNA marker for sex expression character identification in papayas

Identifikasi Morfologi Dan Marka Molekuler Terpaut Sifat Tidak Berbunga Jantan Pada Mutan Pisang Kepok

Salah satu masalah dalam pengembangan produksi pisang ialah penyakit darah. Infeksi penyakit ini dapat dikurangi dengan menanam pisang kepok mutan tidak berbunga jantan. Penerapan teknik kultur jaringan dapat menyediakan benih seragam secara cepat dan dalam waktu yang singkat. Namun, penggunaan teknik kultur jaringan dapat menginduksi variasi somaklonal. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang stabilitas genetik dan keseragaman morfologi pada benih hasil kultur jaringan. Penelitian dilakukan dari Bulan Agustus 2012 sampai Mei 2013. Identifikasi morfologi pisang dilaksanakan di Kebun Koleksi PKHT Ciomas, Bogor. Analisis molekuler dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Molekuler PKHT. Penelitian bertujuan mempelajari karakter morfologi mutan pisang kepok Unti Sayang tidak berbunga jantan dan mengidentifikasi marka molekuler terpaut sifat tidak berbunga jantan. Identifikasi karakter morfologi dari 24 sampel tanaman dilakukan menggunakan panduan deskriptor dari International Plant Genetic Research Institute. Identifikasi marka molekuler dilakukan berdasarkan teknik PCR, menggunakan 20 primer RAPD, 12 primer ISSR, serta primer gen Pistillata, dan Agamous yang didesain berdasarkan informasi database sekuen DNA Musa acuminata yang terdapat di gene bank. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan tidak ada variasi morfologi antara tipe liar, tanaman mutan, dan tanaman mutan yang kembali berbunga jantan, kecuali ada atau tidaknya bunga jantan. Analisis PCR dari 24 sampel tanaman menggunakan 20 primer RAPD dan 12 primer ISSR berturut-turut menghasilkan 379 dan 216 pita yang seragam. Hal yang sama juga ditemukan dari hasil amplifikasi DNA menggunakan primer Pistillata dan Agamous yang menghasilkan pita tunggal pada semua sampel. Analisis sekuen fragmen PCR hasil amplifikasi dengan primer gen Pistillata menunjukkan terdapat tiga nukleotida yang berbeda antara tipe liar dan tanaman mutan yang kembali berbunga jantan pada posisi 445, 461, dan 507

Diversity Analysis of Mangosteen (Garcinia Mangostana) Irradiated by Gamma-ray Based on Morphological and Anatomical Characteristics

Widiastuti A, Sobir, Suhartanto MR. 2010. Diversity analysis of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) irradiated by gammaraybased on morphological and anatomical characteristics. Nusantara Bioscience 2: 23-33. The aim of this research was to increasegenetic variability of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) irradiated by gamma rays dosage of 0 Gy, 20 Gy, 25 Gy, 30 Gy,35 Gy and40 Gy. Plant materials used were seeds collected from Cegal Sub-village, Karacak Village, Leuwiliang Sub-district, Bogor District,West Java. Data was generated from morphological and anatomical characteristics. The result indicated that increasing of gamma raydosage had inhibited ability of seed to growth, which needed longer time and decreased seed viability. Morphologically, it alsodecreased plant heigh, stem diameter, leaf seizure, and amount of leaf. Anatomically, stomatal density had positive correlation withplant height by correlation was 90% and 74%. Gamma rays irradiation successfully increase morphological variability until 30%. Seedcreavage after irradiation increased variability and survival rate of mangosteen