Bases of inorganic and organic chemistry

Stated fundamental theoretical principles of general, inorganic and organic chemistry and analyzed the reactivity of the most important classes of inorganic and organic substances. A multivariate tasks and exercises for classroom and independent work are proposed. For university students full-time and distance learning areas "Chemical Technology and Engineering" "Oil and gas engineering and technology" and others

Objective Assessment of Meibomian Gland Loss and Investigation of a Correlation with Non-Invasive Tear Break up Time using OCULUS Keratograph 5m.

Слъзният филм се състои от няколко слоя- мукозна и водна фаза, продуцирани съответно от гоблетовите клетки и слъзните жлези с надлежащ маслен слой, чиито липидни компоненти се секретират от мейбомиевите жлези. При синдрома сухо око се наблюдава увреждане в слъзния филм, предизвикано от дефицит на слъзна течност или прекомерното й изпаряване. Счита се, че мейбомиевата дисфункция е основна причина за развитие на сухо око, която може да доведе до нестабилност на слъзния филм, увреждане на повърхностния епител, хроничен блефарит, субективен дискомфорт и нетърпимост при носене на контактни лещи. Цел на настоящето изследване е да се изследва състоянието на мейбомиевите жлези на пациенти в различни възрастови групи като се определи средната процентна липса на мейбомиеви жлези на горен и долен клепач. Да се направи оценка за наличието на корелационна зависимост между липсата на мейбомиеви жлези и индиректното време за разкъсване на слъзния филм. Материали и методи: За измерване на показателите се използва Корнеален кератограф Oculus 5m. Изследвани са 285 очи на пациенти на възраст от 20 до 90 години. Получените мейбографски снимки са обработени с помощта на специализиран софтуер Image J. Данните са обработени статистически по отношение на корелационна зависимост (коефициент на Пиърсън), линейна регресия ANOVA с помощта на IВМ SPSS v 19.0.0. Резултати и изводи: Установена е слаба корелационна зависимост между изследваните показатели загуба на мейбомиеви жлези и неинвазивна време на разкъсване на слъзния филм. Възрастта се оказва решаващ фактор за състоянието на мейбомиевите жлези, докато полът не оказва толкова голямо значение. Освен това съществува разлика между загубата на жлези на горен и долен клепач, въпреки установената зависимост между двата клепача.The tear film consists of mucus and aqueous phase produced by the Goblet cells and tear glands and overlaying oily layer which is result of the function of Meibomian glands. The tear film in Dry eye syndrome is damaged either through tear deficiency or through its excessive evaporation. It is considered that the Meibomian gland dysfunction is the main reason for Dry eye disease and can result in tear film instability, damage of the epithelial surface cells, chronic blepharitis, subjective discomfort, contact lenses intolerance and others. Aim of the current study is the investigation of Meibomian glands in patients of different ages by determination of the percent Meibomian gland loss (MGL) for the upper and lower eyelid and the correlation analysis between MGL and non-invasive tear break up time (NIBUT). Materials and methods: The Meibomian gland loss and NIBUT were determined by the corneal Keratograph Oculus 5m. 285 eyes were included of patients ranging from 20 to 90 years of age. The meibographic images were subsequently analyzed with Image J software. The statistical analysis regarding Pearson correlation, linear regression and ANOVA was performed with IBM SPSS v.19.0.0 Results and conclusions: A weak but statistically significant correlation was determined between Meibomian glands loss and the non-invasive tear break up time. The patients` age turns out to be the most important factor, while the gender is of no such significance. Besides a difference was estimated between the percent of lower and upper eyelid Meibomian gland loss although there is a correlation between them

On \u3ci\u3eDistoma felineum\u3c/i\u3e Riv. in the United States and on the Value of Measurements in Specific Determinations among the Distomes (1895)

The distomes of cats have received special attention of late in the two papers of Braun (94) and stiles and Hassall (94). The latter authors give a most admirable account of our present knowledge of a dozen allied forms, and record two, D. albidum and D. complexum n. sp., as found in cats in the United States. During the past year I have examined the cats killed at this laboratory, and have found neither of the forms recorded from the east. Distoma felineum, however, which Stiles and Hassall did not find, and which has not been reported hitherto for the United States, is not uncommon here. Among a dozen cats examined last spring, two contained specimens of this species, and one of the four killed this fall was likewise infected. The first cat contained over one hundred of the distomes, and the others approximately one dozen each. The exact correspondence of the forms with the figures and descriptions of Braun and Stiles and Hassall leave little doubt as to the identity of the two forms, and yet there are some points of disagreement which deserve mention, especially since the discovery of the European form in the liver of man in Siberia by Winogradoff adds this species to the list of human parasites

Rola logistyki w rozwoju rolnictwa na Ukrainie

The article considers the problem of an efficient system of agricultural logistics formation that is currently in Ukraine in the process of development. Demand for logistics integration in modern conditions becomes a necessity while further agricultural sector development without implementation of logistic functions becomes ineffective. In the logistics system formation in the agricultural sector purely market institutions for the coordination of relationships are of crucial significance. Government policies can act as a catalyst for the creation of logistic chains. Macrolevel requires state regulation mechanisms for the sustainable use of limited resources and socio-economic development of territories. The negative factors of logistics development in Ukraine are the lack of licensing, available IT-solutions, outdated stocks, poor training of specialists. Thus, in today’s agricultural environment, logistics is a new concept that is undergoing significant changes in short period of time.Artykuł jest poświęcony problemowi tworzenia efektywnego i konkurencyjnego systemu logistyki w rolnictwie na Ukrainie, która obecnie znajduje się tam w procesie rozwoju. Popyt na logistykę w nowoczesnych warunkach jest koniecznością ze względu na fakt, że dalszy rozwój sektora rolnego robi się nieskuteczny bez realizacji funkcji logistycznych. Polityka rządu może występować jako katalizator dla tworzenia łańcuszków logicznych. Makropoziom wymaga mechanizmów państwowego regulowania zrównoważonego wykorzystania ograniczonych zasobów naturalnych i społeczno-ekonomicznego rozwoju obszarów. Negatywnymi czynnikami rozwoju logistyki na Ukrainie jest brak licencjonowania, przestarzałe wyposażenie, brak dostępnych rozwiązań IT, słabe szkolenie specjalistów w dziedzinie logistyki. W związku z powyższym w nowoczesnym środowisku rolniczym logistyka jest nową koncepcją, która ulega znacznym zmianom w krótkich okresach czasu. Proces zarządzania systemami logicznymi jest złożonym i zależy od zachowania pozycji rynkowej i przewagi konkurencyjnej

Эффективность налоговой политики: опыт и экономические последствия для Украины

В статті досліджуються особливості формування та реалізації податкової політики в країні. Проведено аналіз динаміки зміни обсягів податкових надходжень до державного та місцевого бюджетів. Визначено роль податкових платежів в економічному розвитку країни. Проаналізовано ефективність реалізації державної податкової політики в Україні, визначено її переваги та недоліки. Обгрунтовано вагому роль податкових платежів в стимулюванні економічного та соціального розвитку. Проведено аналіз еластичності зміни індикаторів економічного розвитку країни від зміни обсягу податкових надходжень до бюджету. Зроблено висновок про доцільність удосконалення існуючої політики встановлення, нарахування, сплати та розподілу податкових надходжень як одного із найбільш перспективних напрямів стимулювання економічного зростання.В статье исследуются особенности формирования и реализации налоговой политики в стране. Проведен анализ динамики изменения объемов налоговых поступлений в государственный и местные бюджеты. Определена роль налоговых платежей в экономическом развитии страны. Проанализирована эффективность реализации государственной налоговой политики в Украине, определены ее преимущества и недостатки. Обоснованно весомую роль налоговых платежей в стимулировании экономического и социального развития. Проведен анализ эластичности изменения индикаторов экономического развития страны от изменения объема налоговых поступлений в бюджет. Сделан вывод о целесообразности совершенствования существующей политики установления, начисления, уплаты и распределения налоговых поступлений как одного из наиболее перспективных направлений стимулирования экономического роста.The article deals with the peculiarities of the formation and implementation of tax policy in the country. The analysis of change of tax receipts to the state and local budgets is carried out. The role of tax payments in the economic development of the country is determined. The efficiency of the state tax policy in Ukraine is analyzed, its advantages and disadvantages are determined. The important role of tax payments in stimulating economic and social development is substantiated. The analysis of the elasticity of change of indicators of economic development of the country from the change of volume of tax receipts to the budget is carried out. The necessity of improving the existing policy of establishing, accrual, payment, and distribution of tax revenues as one of the most promising areas to stimulate economic growth is concluded

Aseptic osteonecrosis of the maxilla after severe COVID-19 infection and its treatment

The course of the new SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is unpredictable and is still being investigated. Although the majority of complications are expected to affect the respiratory system, there have been reports in literature concerning the adverse effects of the infection on bone and joint tissue. Several complications have been observed in the maxillofacial area in people who suffered from the infection, including osteonecrosis and osteomyelitis of the jaw. These complications have been subject to various hypotheses. They may result either from the disease pathogenetic mechanism or from a response to the therapeutic modalities used to treat the underlying disease, and overuse of particular medications – glucocorticoids, antirheumatics, interleukin-6 inhibitors, and antibiotics. This article presents a case of osteonecrosis of the maxilla after severe COVID-19 infection

Функциональные свойства электролитических сплавов кобальта с молибденом и цирконием

Functional electrolytic alloy coatings Co-Mo and Co-Mo-Zr were deposited on substrates steel 3 from polyligand citrate-pyrophosphate bath using pulsed current. It was shown that the alloying components content, their distribution on the surface, morphology and topography of the coatings are depended on the electrolysis energetic parameters. It was established that the functional properties of the binary and ternary electrolytic cobalt alloys (corrosion resistance, catalytic activity in hydrogen evolution and carbon II oxide oxidation) are predetermined by material composition, morphology and relief of the surface. Stability Co-Mn, and Co-Mo-Zr systems in aggressive media due to increased susceptibility to passivity when the molybdenum and zirconium are in the coating is a prerequisite of their use for corrosion protection. The high level of the catalytic properties of Co-Mn, and Co-Mo-Zr associated with different affinities for alloying metals to oxygen and hydrogen evolution mechanism verification allows to recommend them for platinum metals replacement in heterogeneous catalysis.Функциональные электролитические покрытия сплавами Co-Mo и Co-Mo-Zr получены из полилигандного цитратно-пирофосфатного электролита в импульсном режиме на подложках из стали 3. Показано, что содержание легирующих компонентов, их распределение по поверхности, морфология и топография покрытий зависят от энергетических параметров электролиза. Установлено, что функциональные свойства бинарного и тернарного электролитических сплавов кобальта (коррозионная стойкость, каталитическая активность в реакциях выделения водорода и окисления оксида углерода II) предопределяются составом материала, морфологией и рельефом поверхности. Устойчивость систем Co-Mo и Co-Mo-Zr в агрессивных средах обусловлена повышением склонности к пассивации при включении молибдена и циркония в состав покрытий и является предпосылкой их использования для защиты от коррозии. Высокий уровень каталитических свойств Co-Mo и Co-Mo-Zr связан с различным сродством сплавообразующих металлов к кислороду и верификацией механизма выделения водорода и позволяет их рекомендовать для замены платинидов в гетерогенном катализе