Data_Sheet_1_Healthy Eating Index-2015 in relation to risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease among US population: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–2018.docx

BackgroundMetabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a serious chronic disease in the US. Dietary patterns provide good guidance for the prevention of chronic diseases. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015) is a dietary pattern based on the dietary characteristics of the US.ObjectiveSince the relation between HEI-2015 and MAFLD is unclear, this study examined their associations using the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHAENS) during 2017–2018.MethodsThis study included data from 4,062 participants aged ≥20 years, without viral hepatitis or pregnancy. MAFLD is defined as hepatic steatosis with one or more of the following: (1) overweight or obesity (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2); (2) type 2 diabetes; or (3) two or more other metabolic risk abnormalities. HEI-2015 scores were calculated from food intake information collected by the 24-h meal review method. The relationship of HEI-2015 with MAFLD was calculated using survey-weighted logistic regression analysis after adjusting for sex, age, race, education level, smoking status, alcohol use, levels of C-reactive protein, Aspartate Aminotransferase, Alanine Aminotransferase, a body shape index, minutes of sedentary activity, levels of cholesterol and glucose, energy take, drugs use, hypertension, and diabetes.ResultsWhen compared to the study population with no MAFLD, the patients with MAFLD showed a lower weighted mean HEI (48.0 ± 0.6). HEI-2015 was inversely associated with MAFLD in the fully adjusted model [Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 0.567 (0.407–0.790), P = −0.002]. Among the 13 HEI-2015 components, total vegetables, greens and beans, total fruits, whole fruits, and whole grains were negatively associated with MAFLD, while added sugars were positively associated with MAFLD. This inverse association was consistent in subgroups of the participants stratified by sex, age, education level, race, body shape index, minutes of sedentary activity, hypertension, and diabetes.ConclusionA higher HEI-2015 is associated with a lowered risk of MAFLD which is more obvious among participations who were women, young, Mexican Americans, with higher education, and with no hypertension or diabetes.</p

Additional file 1 of Effects and mechanisms of Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles induced cardiovascular injury

Supplementary Material

Selective Electroreductive Hydroboration of Olefins with B₂pin₂

Organoboron showed great potential in the synthesis of various high-value chemical compounds. Direct hydroboration of olefins has been witnessed over time as a mainstream method for the synthesis of organoboron compounds. In this work, an electroreductive anti-Markovnikov hydroboration approach of olefins with readily available B2pin2 to synthesize valuable organoboron compounds with high chemo- and regioselectivities under metal catalyst-free conditions was reported. This protocol exhibited broad substrate scope and good functional-group tolerance on styrenes and heteroaromatic olefins, providing synthetically useful alkylborons with high efficiency and even various deuterium borylation products with good D-incorporation when CD3CN was employed as solvent. Furthermore, gram-scale reactions and extensive functional derivatization further highlighted the potential of this method

Imaging-Assisted Antisense Oligonucleotide Delivery for Tumor-Targeted Gene Therapy

Antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) represents a class of practical tools for targeting undruggable oncogenes with several candidates currently undergoing clinical investigation. The advancement of antisense therapeutics necessitates comprehensive approaches for evaluating their efficacy and improving their accuracy. Molecular imaging techniques offer a qualitative and quantitative means to assess therapeutics at the molecular, cellular, and in vivo levels, as well as to elucidate biodistribution and pharmacokinetics. These capabilities play a pivotal role in enhancing therapeutic evaluation and efficiency. This review systematically explores the current landscape of ASO delivery by leveraging a synergistic combination of imaging techniques and delivery vehicles to enhance oligonucleotide distribution and accumulation at tumor sites and thereby optimizing therapeutic outcomes

A Poly Adenine-Mediated Assembly Strategy for Designing Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Scattering Substrates in Controllable Manners

In this article, we introduce a Poly adenine (Poly A)-assisted fabrication method for rationally designing surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) substrates in controllable and reliable manners, enabling construction of core–satellite SERRS assemblies in both aqueous and solid phase (e.g., symmetric core (Au)-satellite (Au) nanoassemblies (Au–Au NPs), and asymmetric Ag–Au NPs-decorated silicon wafers (Ag–Au NPs@Si)). Of particular significance, assembly density is able to be controlled by varying the length of the Poly A block (e.g., 10, 30, and 50 consecutive adenines at the 5′ end of DNA sequence, Poly A10/A30/A50), producing the asymmetric core–satellite nanoassemblies with adjustable surface density of Au NPs assembly on core NPs surface. Based on quantitative interrogation of the relationship between SERRS performance and assemble density, the Ag–Au NPs@Si featuring the strongest SERRS enhancement factor (EF ≈ 10⁷) and excellent reproducibility can be achieved under optimal conditions. We further employ the resultant Ag–Au NPs@Si as a high-performance SERRS sensing platform for the selective and sensitive detection of mercury ions (Hg²⁺) in a real system, with a low detection limit of 100 fM, which is ∼5 orders of magnitude lower than the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)-defined limit (10 nM) in drinkable water. These results suggest the Poly A-mediated assembly method as new and powerful tools for designing high-performance SERRS substrates with controllable structures, facilitating improvement of sensitivity, reliability, and reproducibility of SERRS signals

Image2_Bufei Huoxue capsule attenuates COPD-related inflammation and regulates intestinal microflora, metabolites.JPEG

Background: Bufei Huoxue capsule (BFHX) is widely used for the clinical treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in China.Objectives: The aim of this study is to explore the effects on COPD and the underlying mechanism of BFHX.The process and methods: In this study, we established a COPD mouse model through cigarette smoke (CS) exposure in combination with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intratracheal instillation. Subsequently, BFHX was orally administrated to COPD mice, and their pulmonary function, lung pathology, and lung inflammation, including bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell count and classification and cytokines, were analyzed. In addition, the anti-oxidative stress ability of BFHX was detected by Western blotting, and the bacterial diversity, abundance, and fecal microbiome were examined using 16S rRNA sequencing technology.Outcome: BFHX was shown to improve pulmonary function, suppress lung inflammation, decrease emphysema, and increase anti-oxidative stress, whereas 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that BFHX can dynamically regulate the diversity, composition, and distribution of the intestinal flora microbiome and regulate the lysine degradation and phenylalanine metabolism of COPD mice. These results highlight another treatment option for COPD and provide insights into the mechanism of BFHX.</p

Image1_Bufei Huoxue capsule attenuates COPD-related inflammation and regulates intestinal microflora, metabolites.JPEG

Background: Bufei Huoxue capsule (BFHX) is widely used for the clinical treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in China.Objectives: The aim of this study is to explore the effects on COPD and the underlying mechanism of BFHX.The process and methods: In this study, we established a COPD mouse model through cigarette smoke (CS) exposure in combination with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intratracheal instillation. Subsequently, BFHX was orally administrated to COPD mice, and their pulmonary function, lung pathology, and lung inflammation, including bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell count and classification and cytokines, were analyzed. In addition, the anti-oxidative stress ability of BFHX was detected by Western blotting, and the bacterial diversity, abundance, and fecal microbiome were examined using 16S rRNA sequencing technology.Outcome: BFHX was shown to improve pulmonary function, suppress lung inflammation, decrease emphysema, and increase anti-oxidative stress, whereas 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that BFHX can dynamically regulate the diversity, composition, and distribution of the intestinal flora microbiome and regulate the lysine degradation and phenylalanine metabolism of COPD mice. These results highlight another treatment option for COPD and provide insights into the mechanism of BFHX.</p

Image3_Bufei Huoxue capsule attenuates COPD-related inflammation and regulates intestinal microflora, metabolites.JPEG

Background: Bufei Huoxue capsule (BFHX) is widely used for the clinical treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in China.Objectives: The aim of this study is to explore the effects on COPD and the underlying mechanism of BFHX.The process and methods: In this study, we established a COPD mouse model through cigarette smoke (CS) exposure in combination with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intratracheal instillation. Subsequently, BFHX was orally administrated to COPD mice, and their pulmonary function, lung pathology, and lung inflammation, including bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell count and classification and cytokines, were analyzed. In addition, the anti-oxidative stress ability of BFHX was detected by Western blotting, and the bacterial diversity, abundance, and fecal microbiome were examined using 16S rRNA sequencing technology.Outcome: BFHX was shown to improve pulmonary function, suppress lung inflammation, decrease emphysema, and increase anti-oxidative stress, whereas 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that BFHX can dynamically regulate the diversity, composition, and distribution of the intestinal flora microbiome and regulate the lysine degradation and phenylalanine metabolism of COPD mice. These results highlight another treatment option for COPD and provide insights into the mechanism of BFHX.</p

Image5_Bufei Huoxue capsule attenuates COPD-related inflammation and regulates intestinal microflora, metabolites.JPEG

Background: Bufei Huoxue capsule (BFHX) is widely used for the clinical treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in China.Objectives: The aim of this study is to explore the effects on COPD and the underlying mechanism of BFHX.The process and methods: In this study, we established a COPD mouse model through cigarette smoke (CS) exposure in combination with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intratracheal instillation. Subsequently, BFHX was orally administrated to COPD mice, and their pulmonary function, lung pathology, and lung inflammation, including bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell count and classification and cytokines, were analyzed. In addition, the anti-oxidative stress ability of BFHX was detected by Western blotting, and the bacterial diversity, abundance, and fecal microbiome were examined using 16S rRNA sequencing technology.Outcome: BFHX was shown to improve pulmonary function, suppress lung inflammation, decrease emphysema, and increase anti-oxidative stress, whereas 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that BFHX can dynamically regulate the diversity, composition, and distribution of the intestinal flora microbiome and regulate the lysine degradation and phenylalanine metabolism of COPD mice. These results highlight another treatment option for COPD and provide insights into the mechanism of BFHX.</p

Image4_Bufei Huoxue capsule attenuates COPD-related inflammation and regulates intestinal microflora, metabolites.JPEG

Background: Bufei Huoxue capsule (BFHX) is widely used for the clinical treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in China.Objectives: The aim of this study is to explore the effects on COPD and the underlying mechanism of BFHX.The process and methods: In this study, we established a COPD mouse model through cigarette smoke (CS) exposure in combination with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intratracheal instillation. Subsequently, BFHX was orally administrated to COPD mice, and their pulmonary function, lung pathology, and lung inflammation, including bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell count and classification and cytokines, were analyzed. In addition, the anti-oxidative stress ability of BFHX was detected by Western blotting, and the bacterial diversity, abundance, and fecal microbiome were examined using 16S rRNA sequencing technology.Outcome: BFHX was shown to improve pulmonary function, suppress lung inflammation, decrease emphysema, and increase anti-oxidative stress, whereas 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that BFHX can dynamically regulate the diversity, composition, and distribution of the intestinal flora microbiome and regulate the lysine degradation and phenylalanine metabolism of COPD mice. These results highlight another treatment option for COPD and provide insights into the mechanism of BFHX.</p