STABILITY INDICATING UPLC METHOD FOR QUANTIFICATION OF TOLPERISONE HCL AND PARACETAMOL FROM MUSCLE RELAXANT COMBINATION TABLET

Objective: In the present work, rapid and sensitive isocratic RP-UPLC method was established and comprehensive validation study for the estimation of Tolperisone HCl and Paracetamol was carried out according to international conference on harmonization (ICH) guidelines.Methods: Simultaneous estimation was chromatographed using 0.1% o-phosphoric acid in water and acetonitrile (70: 30 v/v) as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.20 ml/min with 35 ºC column temperature. Chromatographic separation accomplished isocratically on Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (50 mm ×2.1 mm, particle size 1.7 µm) and detection utilizing photodiode array detector at 254 nm. Injection volume was 2.0 µl.Results: The calibration curve was linear over the wide concentration range of 6.0µg/ml to 54.0µg/ml and 20.0µg/ml to 180.0µg/ml for Tolperisone HCl and Paracetamol, respectively. The retention time of Tolperisone HCl and Paracetamol was 1.396 and 2.625 min, respectively and the total analysis time was 5.0 min. Based on the results, the validated method was effectively applied for the estimation of Tolperisone HCl and Paracetamol in combined dosage form and in single pharmaceutical formulations with a new generation instrument, ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Moreover, the method helps to get better quality control and to pledge therapeutic efficacy.Conclusion: The method is simple, less time consuming and comparatively cost effective than existing methods.Â

Optimising Interactive Cloud Gaming for Mobile Learning: GPU Virtualisation, Codec Efficiency, and UI Design

Mobile learning environments increasingly demand sophisticated interactive technologies capable of delivering engaging educational experiences while overcoming traditional hardware limitations. This integrative literature review examines cloud gaming infrastructure advancements for mobile learning. Results from both technical research and practical educational experiences are compared to understand how technology supports learning. Analysis reveals that hardware-assisted GPU virtualisation frameworks achieve substantial performance improvements on mobile devices, enabling sophisticated educational simulations. Video codec optimisations significantly reduce latency and bandwidth consumption, while touchscreen controls and haptic systems enhance learning effectiveness. Recognition of pedagogical innovations across different domains highlights their tremendous potential. STEM simulation platforms utilising molecular modelling and mathematical visualisation demonstrate significantly higher student engagement. Medical training applications enable learners. Collaborative learning environments facilitate enhanced problem-solving through shared virtual spaces, while language learning applications demonstrate superior vocabulary retention. The analysis establishes cloud gaming infrastructure as a transformative enabler for mobile learning, democratising access to sophisticated educational tools

A Study of Gender Related Various Morphological Appearances of Lingula in Adult Dry Mandibles in Odisha

Introduction: The lingula is a bony protrusion with a tongue-like form located on the inner surface of the ramus of the jaw. The classification of it has been categorized into four distinct shapes. The objects in question exhibit a triangular shape, truncated appearance, nodular characteristics, and a state of assimilation. The current report was conducted in order to determine the distribution, percentage, plus gender distribution of the lingula. This study, the subjects and methods employed were carefully selected and implemented to provide accurate and reliable results. A total of 70 adult dry human mandibles, comprising 140 sides, were included in this study. These specimens were obtained from the museum of the Anatomy Department and were maintained for research purposes. The several forms of the lingula were documented in a spreadsheet, taking into account their lateral orientation and sexual dimorphism. The proportions were computed manually. The findings indicate that the most prevalent form of lingula observed was triangular, accounting for 31% of the sample. This was followed by truncated at 27%, nodular at 23%, and assimilated at 19%. The truncated form was observed to be the most prevalent among males, accounting for 20.71% of cases. The most often observed form among females was triangular, accounting for 11.42% of the sample. In conclusion, it can be inferred that Lingula serves as a valuable anatomical landmark for professionals in the fields of anthropology, maxillofacial surgery, and forensic science

Combining Ability for Yield and Yield-Related Traits in Manjarigota Type Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)

Twenty one F1 crosses of Manjarigota type of brinjal in a line X tester (mating design) involving seven lines and three testers were evaluated for general combining ability (GCA) of the parents and specific combining ability (SCA) of the crosses for various quantitative characters. Combining ability analysis revealed that two lines viz, IIHR-574 (L3) and IIHR-575 (L4), and two testers, IIHR-438-2 (T1) and IIHR-500A (T2) were good general combiner for most of the characters studied and, hence, can be used for further improvement of quantitative traits in Manjarigota type of brinjal. Among the 21 F1 crosses evaluated, two crosses, L4xT2 and L3xT3, were found to be good specific combiners for most of the yield contributing traits, viz, fruit length, fruit diameter, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant and plant height. Therefore, these cross-combinations can be commercially exploited for heterosis breeding to isolate desirable genotypes of manjarigota type brinjal

Male infertility: no evidence of involvement of androgen receptor gene among Indian men

Spermatogenesis is collaboratively controlled by testosterone and follicle stimulating hormone. Testosterone and its immediate metabolite dihydrotestosterone affect their roles through the androgen receptor (AR). Mutations in the AR gene have been shown to cause partial to complete androgen insensitivity or infertility in otherwise normal males. The dependence of germ cells upon Sertoli and Leydig cells for their differentiation into sperms and deletion studies of the AR gene in animal models indicate a direct or indirect role of the AR gene in spermatogenesis. Although a few studies worldwide have reported AR mutations in male infertility, no similar study has been conducted on Indian populations. Therefore, we undertook this study to look at the contribution of AR mutations in male infertility among Indian men. We have sequenced the complete coding region of the AR gene in a total of 399 infertile samples, comprising 277 azoospermic, 100 oligozoospermic, and 22 oligoteratozoospermic samples. A total of 100 healthy males with proven fertility and the same ethnicity as the experimental group served as controls. Sequence analysis revealed no mutation in any of these samples. Our study suggests that mutations in the AR gene are less likely to cause azoospermia and oligozoospermia; however, it was difficult to rule out its effect in oligoteratozoospermia, as the sample size was small

Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Considerations for Paediatric Patients: Current Status and Future Dimensions

Present day’s conventional pediatrics doses forms are not very attractive towards the children. Due to various reasons such as larger size, bitter taste etc. pediatrics patients rejects the present conventional doses form in many cases. So, there is need for development of some attractive and effective dosage form for children. Present day’s conventional pediatrics doses forms are not very attractive towards the children. Due to various reasons such as larger size, bitter taste etc. pediatrics patients rejects the present conventional doses form in many cases. So there is need for the development of some unconventional dosage forms that proves to be attractive towards the paediatrics populations. This review provides possible advantages and disadvantages of the present conventional dosage forms available for children. Hence present review introduces to various alternatives and unconventional dosage forms viz. effervescent granules / tablets, oral disintegrating tablets and medicated candies and their advantages and disadvantages. Keywords: Effervescent granules, effervescent tab, medicated candy, Oral disintegrating tablet and pediatrics

Correction: Global Patterns in Human Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Variation Caused by Spatial Instability of the Local Cultural Processes

Because of the widespread phenomenon of patrilocality, it is hypothesized that Y-chromosome variants tend to be more localized geographically than those of mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA). Empirical evidence confirmatory to this hypothesis was subsequently provided among certain patrilocal and matrilocal groups of Thailand, which conforms to the isolation by distance mode of gene diffusion. However, we expect intuitively that the patterns of genetic variability may not be consistent with the above hypothesis among populations with different social norms governing the institution of marriage, particularly among those that adhere to strict endogamy rules. We test the universality of this hypothesis by analyzing Y-chromosome and mtDNA data in three different sets of Indian populations that follow endogamy rules to varying degrees. Our analysis of the Indian patrilocal and the matrilocal groups is not confirmatory to the sex- specific variation observed among the tribes of Thailand. Our results indicate spatial instability of the impact of different cultural processes on the genetic variability, resulting in the lack of universality of the hypothesized pattern of greater Y-chromosome variation when compared to that of mtDNA among the patrilocal populations