Solar Resource Assessment in Jammu and Kashmir State

The state of Jammu and Kashmir has diverse agro-climatic zones. The present paper on solar resource assessment in the state of Jammu and Kashmir is based on ten years of average data taken from NREL and SRRA stations. The state is blessed with huge solar potential, both for thermal generation as well as photovoltaic. The same energy can be used for electricity and process heat generation to mitigate growing energy crisis particularly in winter. The data as obtained from NREL and C-WET through SRRA stations revealed that the state is receiving more than 5 kWh/m2/day of average DNI and GHI every month which in itself can be harnessed for solar thermal energy and photovoltaic power. The average DNI and GHI received from last ten years varied from (1 kWh/day/m2) to (8kWh/day/m2) per day

Factors Affecting Awareness Level of Farmers about Crop Insurance: A Case Study of Haryana

Dependency of Indian agriculture is still continuing on monsoon. The unpredictable and irregular distribution of monsoon rains increases risk and uncertainty farmers. Spreading the risk is an important aspect of decision making to farmers. For the improvement in the handling of perilous outcomes across individuals, there is a need for contingent plans. So, to be aware and to understand the importance of crop insurance and the related policies has become necessary for the farmers of Haryana. We have tried to know the stage of their awareness about crop insurance through this study.  The main objective of the study is to trace out the awareness level of farmers about crop insurance in Haryana and which are the main factor that affect their awareness level. The present study finds that there are so many socio-economic factors which affect the knowledge of farmers about crop insurance like age, education, sources of major income, category of farming, income level and experience of farming. Education plays major role in understanding policies and importance of insurance for the farmers. Both the government and the implementing agency in the area should initiate awareness campaign in order to increase the level of farmers. Awareness campaign should be conducted by the government from time to time at the village level to enhance the awareness level of farmers. The study suggests that the knowledge level of farmers about crop insurance and its schemes can be increased by using different platforms of spreading awareness through various educational efforts

Finitistic Spaces with the Orbit Space FP^n x S^m

Let G = S^d, d = 0, 1 or 3, act freely on a finitistic connected space X. This paper gives the cohomology classification of X if a mod 2 or rational cohomology of the orbit space X/G is isomorphic to the product of a projective space and sphere FP^n x S^m, where F = R, C or H, respectively. For a free involution on X, a lower bound of covering dimension of the coincidence set of a continuous map f: X -> R^k is also determined

Finitistic Spaces with Orbit Space a Product of Projective Spaces

Let G = Z2 act freely on a finitistic space X. If the mod 2 cohomology of X is isomorphic to the real projective space RP2n+1(resp. complex projective space CP2n+1) then the mod 2 cohomology of orbit spaces of these free actions are RP1 xCPn(resp. RP2xHPn) [11]. In this paper, we have discussed converse of this result. We have showed that if the mod 2 cohomology of the orbit space X/G is RP1xCPn(resp. RP2 x HPn). Similar, results for p > 2, a prime, is also discussed. It is proved that one of the possibilities of orbit spaces of free involutions on product of projective spaces RPn x RP2m+1(resp. CPn x CP2m+1) is RP1 x RPn x CPm(resp. RP2 x CPn x HPm) [12]. The converse of these statements are also discussed

Potential of Biocontrol Agents in Plant Disease Control for Improving Food Safety

Plant disease control is mainly based on extraneous application of pesticides to improve agriculture productivity. However, only a part of applied pesticides is used for killing of pathogens and pests. Large part of applied pesticides remains either as residual pesticide or gets volatilized or leached resulting in ecological and environmental problems, and human health hazards. The increased consumer demands for safe food have invigorated research on development of safe and ecofriendly biopesticides. The use of microorganisms for biological control of pests is considered as a pragmatic approach which can drastically lessen the adverse outcomes of agrochemicals in soil. Rhizospheric microorganisms isolated from various crops produce different antagnostic compounds and inhibit the growth of various phytopathogens and insect pests. Moreover, in several plants, hormones like salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene contribute towards induction of both, systemic acquired as well as induced systemic resitance. In this article, antagonistic rhizosphere microorganisms have been explored for control of phytopathogens. Further, recent advances in field of biopesticides using rhizosphere microorganisms under field conditions is discussed for improvingcrop productivity in sustainable agricultur

Structural, Optical, Photoluminescence and Electroluminescence Properties of Small ZnO Nanocrystals for Optoelectronic Device Applications

In this study, zinc oxide (ZnO) has been prepared by chemical precipitation method using zinc acetate as precursor, poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as capping agent and deionised water as a solvent. X- ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultra violet visible (UV-Vis) absorption, photoluminescence (PL), and electroluminescence (EL) have been performed to characterize the structural, morphological and optical nature of the samples, respectively. X-Ray diffraction indicates that all of the as obtained samples have a pure phase (hexagonal wurtzite structure). Crystallite size has been calculated by Debye Scherrer formula and Lattice strain has been calculated by Williomson Hall equation. Cell volume, Lorentz factor, Lorentz polarization factor, lattice constants and crystal lattice distortion degree (R) and morphology index (MI) have also been studied. The average particle size has also been calculated by Brus equation by using UV-Visible absorption peak. An electroluminescence spectrum of ZnO nanocrystals has also been studied