Appendix E. Construction and analysis of phase planes, including zero net growth isoclines and vector fields, to describe competitive population dynamics of Watersipora and Bugula.

Construction and analysis of phase planes, including zero net growth isoclines and vector fields, to describe competitive population dynamics of Watersipora and Bugula

Appendix B. ANOVA tables and figure showing the effects of spatial arrangement on size, size inequality, and number of surviving colonies for both trials.

ANOVA tables and figure showing the effects of spatial arrangement on size, size inequality, and number of surviving colonies for both trials

Appendix C. Effects of size and distal-edge length on growth in Watersipora subtorquata.

Effects of size and distal-edge length on growth in Watersipora subtorquata

Appendix C. Experimental setup showing arrangement of settlement plates on backing panels in benign and harsh environments.

Experimental setup showing arrangement of settlement plates on backing panels in benign and harsh environments

Appendix B. Density combinations of Watersipora subtorquata and Bugula neritina used in the response surface experiment.

Density combinations of Watersipora subtorquata and Bugula neritina used in the response surface experiment

Appendix A. Supplementary materials and methods, including expanded descriptions of the study system and species’ life histories, experimental and analytical methods, and results of model selection.

Supplementary materials and methods, including expanded descriptions of the study system and species’ life histories, experimental and analytical methods, and results of model selection

Appendix F. Results of ANCOVA testing for the influence of environmental stress, Watersipora density, and Bugula density on mean individual size.

Results of ANCOVA testing for the influence of environmental stress, Watersipora density, and Bugula density on mean individual size

Appendix A. Photographs of experimental treatments in trial 2 after one week in the field.

Photographs of experimental treatments in trial 2 after one week in the field

Appendix D. Candidate competition models.

Candidate competition models

Appendix A. The effect of modular demography (module age) on growth showing unidirectional growth in young fragments and limited regeneration in old fragments.

The effect of modular demography (module age) on growth showing unidirectional growth in young fragments and limited regeneration in old fragments