The Idea of Public Utility in Expropriation

The right of ownership is one of the basic rights that satisfies human nature and nourishes the survival instinct. It constitutes one of the main pillars in the legal systems, but it must be in the interest of the public. This is important for the establishment of the state and its continuation, by gaining a special character in the field of expropriation as necessary to cover the exercise of its powers until the required actions acquire legitimacy and facilitate the acceptance by individuals, which is also used as a justification for the privileges of public authority

Synthesis, characterisation, estimation of ground-and excited-state dipole moments using solvatochromic shift and theoretical studies of new iminocoumarin derivatives

The study on the fluorescence and UV–Vis absorption of some iminocoumarins at ambient temperature in several solvents showed a bathochromic shift with the increase of the solvent polarity. The use of the solvathochromic method allowed us to determine the dipole moment in both ground and excited states. The studied molecules exhibit much higher dipole moments in the excited state than in the ground state, which can be due to the redistribution of π-electron densities in the excited state making molecules more polar with higher dipole moments. Furthermore, HOMO–LUMO gap were also estimated theoretically using B3LYP/6–311 + G (d,p) level of theory; the low energy gap indicated the eventual charge transfer interaction occurring in the molecules, and responsible for their light emitting properties.publishe

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Dynamic study of mussel populations in Algeria : area of Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758) from figuier Boumerdes.

Une étude de la dynamique de la population de la moule Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758) a été effectuée sur la côte de la Wilaya de Boumerdes (Figuier) de Décembre 2015 à Avril 2017. Les histogrammes de fréquences de taille montrent l'existence d’au moins deux modes par an. L'étude des fluctuations du poids sec, la densité et la biomasse de la population révèlent de grandes variations. Les valeurs les plus importantes de la densité sont enregistrées en automne et en hiver et sont concomitantes à celles de la biomasse.From December 2015 to April 2017, a study of the population dynamics of the Pernaperna mussel (Linnaeus, 1758) was conducted on the shore of the Wilaya of Boumerdes (Figuier). At least two modes every year may be seen in the size frequency histograms. The examination of population oscillations in dry weight, density, and biomass reveals significant differences. The maximum densities are seen in the fall and winter, and they occur at the same time as the highest biomass levels.PublishedReferee