Hot Carrier Transfer in PtSe₂/Graphene Enabled by the Hot Phonon Bottleneck

The charge transfer (CT) process of two-dimensional (2D) graphene/transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) heterostructures makes the photoelectric conversion ability of TMDs into a wider spectral range for the light harvester and photoelectric detector applications. However, the direct in situ investigation of the hot carrier transport in graphene/TMDs heterostructures has been rarely reported. Herein, using the optical pump and a terahertz (THz) probe (OPTP) spectroscopy, the CT process from graphene to five-layer PtSe2 in the PtSe2/graphene (P/G) heterostructure is demonstrated to be related to the pump fluence, which is enabled by the hot phonon bottleneck (HPB) effect in graphene. Furthermore, the frequency dispersion conductivity and the THz emission spectroscopy of the P/G heterostructure confirmed the existence of interlayer CT and its pump fluence-dependent behavior. Our results provide in-depth physical insights into the CT mechanism at the P/G van der Waals interface, which is crucial for further exploration of optoelectronic devices based on P/G heterostructures

Ionic Solvent-Assisted MAPbBr₃ Perovskite Film for Two-Photon Pumped Single-Mode Laser

Miniaturized coherent light sources on the nanoscale are highly desired for on-chip photonics integration. However, when approaching the diffraction limit, the sub-wavelength-scale all-dielectric lasers are difficult to realize due to the trade-off between lasing performance and physical size. Especially for a thin-film laser, usually an externally complex cavity is required to provide the necessary optical feedback. Herein, we successfully shrink the MAPbBr3 perovskite thin-film laser to sub-wavelength scale (300 nm) with simplified cavity design using only an ultraviolet glue layer and a quartz glass. The morphology quality and the gain properties of the film are enhanced by introducing ionic liquid. Consequently, the stable and low-threshold single-mode laser with a highly linear polarization degree of 78.6% and a narrow line width of 0.35 nm is achieved under two-photon excitation. The excellent single-mode laser with sub-wavelength scale and ultrasimplified structure could provide a facile and versatile platform for future integrated optoelectronic devices

Additional file 2 of Interferon inducible pseudouridine modification in human mRNA by quantitative nanopore profiling

Additional file 2. Ψ sites by Illumina seq. It’s the list of Ψ sites in the rRNA mixture sample identified by our Illumina sequencing experiment

Ultrafast Drift Current Terahertz Emission Amplification in the Monolayer WSe₂/Si Heterostructure

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have great potential application for seamless on-chip integration due to their strong photon–electron–spin–valley coupling. However, the contact-free measurements of the valley-coupled photocurrent in TMDs is still challenging. Here, ultrafast terahertz emission spectroscopy is employed to investigate the photocurrent dynamics in monolayer WSe2, and an interface-induced drift current amplification is found in the WSe2/Si heterostructure. The amplification of terahertz emission comes from the photocurrent enlarged by band bending in the WSe2 and Si junction, and the amplification ratio increase further near the valley resonant transition of WSe2. In addition, the valley-momentum locked photocurrent in the WSe2/Si heterostructure reserves the same chirality with monolayer WSe2 at room temperature. These findings could provide a new method for manipulating valley-momentum locked photocurrent by photon helicity and open new avenues for TMD-based valley-polarized terahertz emission devices

Additional file 1 of Hsa_circ_0009092/miR-665/NLK signaling axis suppresses colorectal cancer progression via recruiting TAMs in the tumor microenvironment

Additional file 1:Figure S1.Circ_0009092 was a single-stranded covalently closed RNA molecules. (A) The expression of circ_0009092 was detected by qRT-PCR in RNA extracts from several CRC cell lines as well as normal cell line. GAPDH was used for qRT-PCR normalization. (B) qRT-PCR analysis of the expression of circ_0009092 and OGDH mRNA after treatment with RNase R in Lovo cells. (C) The presence of circ_0009092 was validated in CRC cell lines by qRT-PCR. Divergent primers amplified circ_0009092 in cDNA but not in genomic DNA. GAPDH was used for negative control. (D) ROC curves showing predictability using circ_0009092 (AUC=0.7944). Statistical analysis between two groups was conducted using two-tailed t-test. Error bars, SD.Figure S2.Identification analysis of miR-665 in CRC samples. (A) FISH detection of circ_0009092 and miR-665 in CRC tumor and ANT. Nuclei were stained with DAPI. Scale bar, 50μm.Figure S3.Circ_0009092 inhibited CRC cell progression by targeting miR-665. (A) EdU assays were utilized to detect the viability and proliferation of Lovo and HCT-116 cells. (B) The colony formation activity of HCT116 and Lovo cells evaluated. (C) Wound healing assay were used to detect the migration of Lovo and HCT-116 cells. The migration (D) and invasion (E) ability of CRC cells were detected by transwell assays. Statistical analysis between two groups was performed using two-tailed t-test. One-way ANOVA statistical tests were adopted for more than two groups. Data are the means ± SD of three experiments. *P< 0.05, **P< 0.01, ***P< 0.001.Figure S4.Circ_0009092/miR-665 regulated NLK expression in CRC cells. (A) qRT-PCR analysis of the predicted target gene expression in CRC cells. GAPDH was used for qRT-PCR normalization. (B) The correlation between NLK and circ_0009092 (n= 80). (C) Dual-luciferase reporter assays of HCT-116 cells transfected with miR-665 mimic, NLK-WT, and NLK-MUT. Data are pooled from three independent experiments. Statistical analysis between two groups was conducted using two-tailed t-test. *P< 0.05, **P< 0.01, ***P< 0.001. ns: no significance. Error bars, SD.Figure S5.The expression distribution of immune score in tumor tissues and normal tissues. The abscissa represents immune cell types, and the ordinate represents the expression distribution of immune score in different groups. (A) Immune cell score heatmap, different colors represent different expression distribution in different samples. (B) The percentage abundance of tumor infiltrating immune cells in each sample. Different colors represent different types of immune cells. The abscissa represents the sample, and the ordinate represents the percentage of immune cell content in a single sample. The statistical difference of two groups was compared through the Wilcox test, significance difference of three groups was tested with Kruskal-Wallis test. *P< 0.05, **P< 0.01, ***P< 0.001.Figure S6.Circ_0009092/miR-665/NLK regulated CCL2 expression to affect the recruitment of macrophages. (A) Chemotaxis analysis of THP-1 macrophages with different supernatant. (B) Quantification analysis of chemotactic cells in five fields was counted manually. Statistical analysis between two groups was conducted using two‐tailed t‐test. One‐way ANOVA statistical tests were used for more than two groups. *P< 0.05, **P< 0.01, ***P< 0.001.Figure S7.NLK regulated the phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation of STAT3 by binding to STAT3. (A) Results of immunofluorescence staining showing that NLK colocalizes with STAT3 in CRC cells. (B) Interaction between STAT3 and OGT/O-GlcNAcylation modification was evaluated by coIP assays in CRC cells transfected with miR-665 mimic. (C) Interaction between STAT3 and OGT/O-GlcNAcylation modification was evaluated by coIP assays in CRC cells transfected with miR-665 inhibitor. (D) The relative CCL2 promoter transcriptional activity was detected by dual luciferase assay and normalized to Renilla luciferase activity in CRC cells transfected with oe- circ_0009092 or miR-665 mimic. (E) The relative STAT3 transcriptional activity was detected by dual luciferase assay and normalized to Renilla luciferase activity in CRC cells transfected with sh- circ_0009092 or miR-665 inhibitor. Statistical analysis between two groups was conducted using two‐tailed t‐test. One‐way ANOVA statistical tests were used for more than two groups. *P< 0.05, **P< 0.01, ***P< 0.001.Table S1.Clinicopathologic parameters of colorectal cancer patients (n= 30).Table S2.The sequences of the primers for qRT-PCR.Table S3.Antibodies used in this study

Additional file 3 of Interferon inducible pseudouridine modification in human mRNA by quantitative nanopore profiling

Additional file 3. Review history

Additional file 1 of Interferon inducible pseudouridine modification in human mRNA by quantitative nanopore profiling

Additional file 1. Supplementary figures. Supplementary figures S1-S4

Enhanced Amplified Spontaneous Emission in Quasi-2D Perovskite by Facilitating Energy Transfer

Despite the superior optoelectronic properties of quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) Ruddlesden–Popper halide perovskites, the inhomogeneous distribution of mixed phases result in inefficient energy transfer and multiple emission peaks. Herein, the insufficient energy funneling process at the high-energy phase is almost completely suppressed and the excitonic understanding of gain nature is studied in the energy funneling managed quasi-2D perovskite via introducing poly­(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) additive. The energy transfer process is facilitated from 0.37 to 0.26 ps after introducing the PVP additive, accelerating the exciton accumulation in the emissive state, and increasing the ratio of the high-dimensional phase for enhancing radiative emission. The gain lifetime is promoted to be as fast as 28 ps to outcompete nonradiative recombination during the build-up of population inversion. Simultaneously, the net gain coefficient is increased by more than twofold that of the pristine perovskite film. Owing to the remarkable gain properties, room-temperature amplified spontaneous emission is realized with a low threshold of 11.3 μJ/cm2, 4 times lower than 43 μJ/cm2 of the pristine film. Our findings suggest that the PVP-treated quasi-2D perovskite shows great promise for high-performance laser devices

Speckle-Free Imaging Based on a Quasi-2D Perovskite Random Laser with a Subwavelength Thickness

Quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) perovskite materials possess remarkable optical properties, including a large exciton binding energy, enhanced stability, and natural quantum-well structures, which have great potential for lasing applications. However, solution-processed quasi-2D perovskite films encounter challenges such as serious defect states, poor crystal quality, and random phase distribution, thereby hindering the practical application of quasi-2D perovskite lasers. Here, we demonstrate random lasers based on quasi-2D (PEA)2MA3Pb4Br13 films with preeminent optical gain by introducing adipic acid (AA) as an additive and further explore their speckle-free imaging. By the introduction of AA, the quality of quasi-2D perovskite films is significantly improved, including suppressed defect states, improved crystalline quality, larger grain sizes, a more homogeneous phase distribution, and enhanced photoluminescence (PL) because of the lowering of the crystallization rate. Moreover, the AA-assisted quasi-2D perovskite film exhibits significantly decreased amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) thresholds from 55.4 to 7.8 μJ/cm2, along with an increased gain coefficient from 332 to 1404 cm–1, which is four times that of the pristine one. Accordingly, the threshold of random lasers based on AA-assisted quasi-2D perovskite films can be reduced to 20% of that of pristine films. Benefiting from the high brightness, narrow bandwidth, and relatively low spatial coherence of the random laser, we realized higher speckle-free imaging of quasi-2D perovskite subwavelength random lasers. This work presents an effective strategy for enhancing quasi-2D perovskites as gain media and expanding their practical applications in optoelectronic devices, particularly in semiconductor lasers

Thermally Evaporated MAPbBr₃ Perovskite Random Laser with Improved Speckle-Free Laser Imaging

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are very promising materials for lasing applications due to their remarkable optical gain properties. Currently, most perovskite-based lasers are fabricated using lab-scale solution processing methods. The thermal evaporation (TE) method could be a promising alternative technology for scale-up fabrication with significantly improved reproducibility. Unfortunately, the fast and uncontrollable crystal growth process in thermal evaporation leads to defective films, and hence their laser performance usually falls behind their solution-processed counterparts. Here, we demonstrate high-performance random lasers and explore their speckle-free imaging application from perovskite thin films fabricated by an improved tri-source thermal co-evaporation approach assisted by a multifunctional Lewis base additive, triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO). The optical gain of TPPO-passivated MAPbBr3 perovskite films is as high as ∼5 times that of the pristine one, and the corresponding gain lifetime is almost doubled after TPPO passivation. Due to the small grain size and compact confinement-induced strong multiple scattering, a random laser with threshold reduced by half and a high polarization degree of 78.4% is realized in thermally evaporated MAPbBr3:TPPO perovskite films. These findings would provide a possible route to scale up the manufacturing of high-performance perovskite materials and devices and open new perspectives for integrated speckle-free laser imaging systems