Hypertension, Body Mass Index, and their Associations with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Deli Serdang, North Sumatera

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major public health problem world-wide. Current global estimates indicate that this condition affects 415 million people and is set to escalate to 642 million by the year 2040. Type 2 DM is a metabolic disease that occurs due to abnormalities in insulin secretion. This study aimed to analyze the associations of hypertension and body mass index with type 2 DM in Deli Serdang, North Sumatera. Subjects and Methods: This was a case-control study conducted in Deli Serdang, North Sumatera. A sample of 92 patients was selected for this study consisting 46 patients with type 2 DM and 46 patients without type 2 DM. The dependent variable was type 2 DM. The independent variables were hypertension and body mass index. Type 2 DM and hypertension data were obtained from the medical record. The other data were collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by multiple logistic regression. Results: Type 2 DM was associated with hypertension (OR= 3.56; p= 0.004) and BMI ≥25 (OR= 5.66; p<0.001). Conclusion: Type 2 DM is associated with hypertension and BMI ≥25. Keywords: type 2 DM, hypertension, body mass inde

The Effect of Peer Counselling on Increasing Exclusive Breastfeeding in Lubuk Pakam and Tanjung Morawa Sub-Districts, Deli Serdang, North Sumatera

Background: Counseling is a highly recommended method of nutrition and breastfeeding education. This study aimed to analyze the effect of nutrition and breastfeeding peer counseling on increasing exclusive breastfeeding in Lubuk Pakam and Tanjung Morawa Sub-districts, Deli Serdang, North Sumatera. Subjects and Method: This was a randomized control trial (RCT). A sample of 64 pregnant mothers was selected for this study and divided into two groups: (1) 32 pregnant mothers in the peer counseling group; (2) 32 pregnant mothers in the control group. The peer counseling was carried out 8 times. The dependent variables were knowledge, attitude, and exclusive breastfeeding. The independent variable was nutrition and breastfeeding peer counseling. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by t-test and chi-square. Results: The baseline scores of knowledge, attitude, and exclusive breastfeeding were comparable between the two groups. After peer counseling, the peer counseling group (mean= 13.08; SD= 11.59) showed higher knowledge than the control group (mean= 0.39; SD= 7.92), and it was statistically significant (p<0.001). After peer counseling, the peer counseling group (mean= 10.52; SD= 10.77), showed better attitude than the control group (mean= 3.54; SD= 6.87), and it was statistically significant (p=0.005). After peer counseling, the peer counseling group (40.6%), breastfed more than the control group (14.1%), and it was statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Peer counseling is effective inexclusive breastfeeding. Keywords: exclusive breastfeeding, peer counseling, knowledge, attitud

Perception the Role of Dalihan Na Tolu Traditional in Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among High Risk Population

Prevalence of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Padangsidimpuan regency remains high. Currently, the controlling of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus have not involved yet cultural approach. This study aimed to explore the role of Dalihan Na Tolu traditional in preventing type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among high risk groups population in Padangsidimpuan City. This is a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. Informants in this study consisted of high risk people as many as 16 people based on Findrisc Score. Data was collected using indepth interview and then analyzed by content analysis. The results of this study found two themes, namely (1) the role and function of Dalian Na Tolu, (2) efforts and support of Dalihan Na Tolu traditional for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus prevention. It was concluded that appling Dalihan Na Tolu traditional could motivate high risk population towards healthy life style. Therefore, it could avoid the disease progress to type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. It was suggested that Dalihan Na Tolu traditional could be integrated in the prevention program of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus