Nanorod-Depolarized Dynamic Light Scattering in a Gelling Liquid

We exploit the strong optical anisotropy of metal nanorods to measure their mobility in a complex fluid. Gold rods in hot agarose solutions cause dynamic, depolarized scattering with an exponentially decaying autocorrelation. As the solution cools down, its decay constant increases. At a certain temperature, the autocorrelation drastically changes its shape and the dynamic contrast drops. We show that, at this temperature, the gelling liquid confines the rods and dampens their motion almost entirely. Depolarized scattering proves to be extraordinarily sensitive to the transition from Brownian to confined motion. We calculate true mobilities for the particles using Pusey and van Megen’s correction of the Siegert relation for nonergodic systems. Multipoint measurements show that the rods are immobilized throughout the gel

The post-hoc analyses of intercept and slope values for each pair of formulas.

<p>The post-hoc analyses of intercept and slope values for each pair of formulas.</p

Logistic identification functions and discrimination curves for eight subgroups with duration 140ms.

<p>Logistic identification functions and discrimination curves for eight subgroups with duration 140ms.</p

Tissue expression profiles and transcriptional regulation of elongase of very long chain fatty acid 6 in bovine mammary epithelial cells

<div><p>In mammals, very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) perform pleiotropic roles in a wide range of biological processes, such as cell membrane formation, cell signal transduction, and endocrine regulation. Beef and milk are abundant of palmitic acid which can be further elongated into stearic acid for synthesizing VLCFAs. Elongase of very long chain fatty acid 6 (ELOVL6) is a rate-limiting enzyme for converting palmitic acid to stearic acid. Consequently, investigating the tissue expression patterns and transcriptional regulation of bovine <i>ELOVL6</i> can provide new insights into improving the composition of beneficial fats in cattle and expanding the knowledge of transcriptional regulation mechanism among domestic animals. In the current study, we found that bovine <i>ELOVL6</i> expressed ubiquitously. Dual-luciferase reporter assay identified that the core promoter region (-130/-41 bp) was located in the second CpG island. In addition, the deletion mutation of binding sites demonstrated that sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1) and specific protein 1 (SP1) both were able to stimulate bovine <i>ELOVL6</i> promoter activity independently, while resulting the similar effect. To confirm these findings, further RNA interference assays were executed in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). In summary, these data suggest that bovine <i>ELOVL6</i> expressed ubiquitously and is activated by SREBF1 and SP1, via two binding sites present in the <i>ELOVL6</i> promoter region between -130 bp to -41bp.</p></div

Sharpness of category boundary for each subgroup.

<p>Sharpness of category boundary for each subgroup.</p

Offset values for each step varied by duration for linear falling pitch directions.

<p>Offset values for each step varied by duration for linear falling pitch directions.</p

a) A plot of stimulus duration required for perception against falling pitch changes; b) A plot of stimulus duration required for perception against rising pitch changes.

<p>a) A plot of stimulus duration required for perception against falling pitch changes; b) A plot of stimulus duration required for perception against rising pitch changes.</p