A coupled CFD-Monte Carlo method for simulating complex aerosol dynamics in turbulent flows

<p>A coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-Monte Carlo method is presented to simulate complex aerosol dynamics in turbulent flows. A Lagrangian particle method-based probability density function (PDF) transport equation is formulated to solve the population balance equation (PBE) of aerosol particles. The formulated CFD-Monte Carlo method allows investigating the interaction between turbulence and aerosol dynamics and incorporating individual aerosol dynamic kernels as well as obtaining full particle size distribution (PSD). Several typical cases of aerosol dynamic processes including turbulent coagulation, nucleation and growth are studied and compared to the sectional method with excellent agreement. Coagulation in both laminar and turbulent flows is simulated and compared to demonstrate the effect of turbulence on aerosol dynamics. The effect of jet Reynolds (<i>Re</i>_j) number on aerosol dynamics in turbulent flows is fully investigated for each of the studied cases. The results demonstrate that <i>Re</i>_j number has significant impact on a single aerosol dynamic process (e.g., coagulation) and the simultaneous competitive aerosol dynamic processes in turbulent flows. This newly modified CFD-Monte Carlo/PDF method renders an efficient method for simulating complex aerosol dynamics in turbulent flows and provides a better insight into the interactions between turbulence and the full PSD of aerosol particles.</p> <p>Copyright © 2017 American Association for Aerosol Research</p

Ultralow Adhesion and Phase Change Behaviors of Sulfur Droplets on the Superhydrophobic Surface and Its Application in the Granulation Process

Traditional sulfur granulation process is often accompanied by high dust and mechanical friction, which are dangerous and harmful to the environment. In this work, the application of the superhydrophobic surface to sulfur granulation is expected to solve the above problem. Two superhydrophobic metal sheets were prepared, and the rolling angles of the two samples are both less than 10°. The contact angles of liquid sulfur are 152.7 ± 0.5 and 151.3 ± 0.1°, respectively. The adhesion rates of both samples are less than 0.5 wt %. The solidifying process of a sulfur drop on the superhydrophobic surface was recorded and simulated, conforming that the substrate temperature has a great influence on the solidifying process. Based on the above findings, static granulation and rolling to granulation were proposed. The product obtained by the two methods has uniform particle size distribution and excellent compressive strength, showing a good industrial application prospect. This study provides a referral strategy for an economical and environmentally friendly sulfur granulation process

Ultralow Adhesion and Phase Change Behaviors of Sulfur Droplets on the Superhydrophobic Surface and Its Application in the Granulation Process

Traditional sulfur granulation process is often accompanied by high dust and mechanical friction, which are dangerous and harmful to the environment. In this work, the application of the superhydrophobic surface to sulfur granulation is expected to solve the above problem. Two superhydrophobic metal sheets were prepared, and the rolling angles of the two samples are both less than 10°. The contact angles of liquid sulfur are 152.7 ± 0.5 and 151.3 ± 0.1°, respectively. The adhesion rates of both samples are less than 0.5 wt %. The solidifying process of a sulfur drop on the superhydrophobic surface was recorded and simulated, conforming that the substrate temperature has a great influence on the solidifying process. Based on the above findings, static granulation and rolling to granulation were proposed. The product obtained by the two methods has uniform particle size distribution and excellent compressive strength, showing a good industrial application prospect. This study provides a referral strategy for an economical and environmentally friendly sulfur granulation process

The differential genes were identified in the silky fowl chicken by RNA-Seq.

The differential genes were identified in the silky fowl chicken by RNA-Seq.</p

The differentially expressed genes of the Taihe silky fowl chicken in muscle samples were identified by transcriptome analysis.

(A) The volcano plot represented the DEGs identified in the BB-sfc compared with BB-bfc chicken breeds using the DESeq2 method. The X-axis means the change of gene multiplicity (log2 FoldChange), and the Y axis indicates the significance level of the difference (-log10 Adjust P-value). The red and blue dots showed the significantly up- and down-regulated DEGs, respectively. (B) The heatmap of DEGs between BB-sfc and BB-bfc breed chickens was performed by hierarchical clustering analysis. (C) RNA libraries of BB-sfc and BB-bfc presented obvious differences by two-dimensional PCA analysis. (D) The integrated network presented the interaction relationship of DEGs in Taihe Black-bone silky fowl chicken.</p

Preparation of Phase Change Melt Marbles with High Thermal Stability by Spontaneous Shrinkage and Encapsulation

Liquid marbles (LMs) are widely used in the fields of microfluids, gas sensitivity equipment, and microreactors. However, the thermal stability of the encapsulated liquid poses difficulty to the high-temperature stability of LMs. In this study, polar phase-change materials (PCMs) with high melting points were used as the encapsulated liquid of LMs. According to the required temperature, suitable PCMs were selected as the core and encapsulated by hydrophobic SiO2 particles to form melt marbles (MMs). The types of PCMs used to prepare the MMs include erythritol, elemental sulfur, urea, and molten salts. Based on the premixed melting method, a series of MMs with high melting points and thermal stability were successfully developed. The highest acceptable temperature of the MMs exceeded 323 °C, and the evaporation rate of erythritol MMs was less than 1% at 140 °C in 8 h. Thus, the MMs maintained their excellent stability through multiple phase transitions. In the molten state, the MMs exhibited the properties of bounce ability, cuttability, and deformation resistance. The performance of the PCMs in energy storage and release during phase transition demonstrates their potential applications in the field of heat storage

Preparation of Phase Change Melt Marbles with High Thermal Stability by Spontaneous Shrinkage and Encapsulation

Liquid marbles (LMs) are widely used in the fields of microfluids, gas sensitivity equipment, and microreactors. However, the thermal stability of the encapsulated liquid poses difficulty to the high-temperature stability of LMs. In this study, polar phase-change materials (PCMs) with high melting points were used as the encapsulated liquid of LMs. According to the required temperature, suitable PCMs were selected as the core and encapsulated by hydrophobic SiO2 particles to form melt marbles (MMs). The types of PCMs used to prepare the MMs include erythritol, elemental sulfur, urea, and molten salts. Based on the premixed melting method, a series of MMs with high melting points and thermal stability were successfully developed. The highest acceptable temperature of the MMs exceeded 323 °C, and the evaporation rate of erythritol MMs was less than 1% at 140 °C in 8 h. Thus, the MMs maintained their excellent stability through multiple phase transitions. In the molten state, the MMs exhibited the properties of bounce ability, cuttability, and deformation resistance. The performance of the PCMs in energy storage and release during phase transition demonstrates their potential applications in the field of heat storage

Synthesis of beaded poly(vinyl ether) solid supports with unique solvent compatibility

Poly(vinyl ether) gels SLURPS (Superior Liquid Uptake Resin for Polymer-supported synthesis) with low cross-linking levels have been synthesized for the first time in beaded form using a non-aqueous inverse suspension polymerisation approach. The synthetic protocol was optimized with regards to several parameters including reactions conditions, type and concentration of suspension stabilizer and controlled low temperature addition of co-initiator. Particle size measurements confirm the production of beads with average diameters of 700e950 mm. Optimization of the monomer composition of the poly (vinyl ether) gels resulted in a novel beaded polymer support with considerably improved as well as unique swelling characteristics in solvents ranging from hexane to water. The synthetic utility of the new gel was confirmed by carrying out a set of transformations with complete conversion leading to a useful amino and hydroxy terminated solid-phase precursor resin. Reaction progress could be monitored easily by 1H and 13C gel-phase NMR

The differentially proteins were identified by TMT-based proteome analysis.

The differentially proteins were identified by TMT-based proteome analysis.</p