Electronic Structure of CO Adsorbed on Electrodeposited Pt Thin Layers on Polycrystalline Au Electrodes Probed by Potential-Dependent IR/Visible Double-Resonance Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy

Potential-dependent double-resonance sum frequency generation (DR-SFG) spectroscopy is used to probe a 5σ_a electronic state of adsorbed CO on Pt thin layer modified Au surfaces in acid solution by showing an amplitude enhancement of atop CO peak due to a surface electronic resonance between visible light and the electronic transition from the Fermi level of Pt to the 5σ_a antibonding state of CO. The energy level of 5σ_a state of adsorbed CO on the Pt layer-modified Au electrodes is found to be different from that on bulk Pt electrodes and depend on the thickness of the Pt layer. The observed SFG results are tentatively explained by the shift in d-band energy of the electrode substrates, which could also be responsible for their different electrochemical characteristics toward CO oxidation

The redefinition of a Chinese sports hero's public image: evidence from the reactions on Chinese social media to Sun Yang's international trial

This study traces the metamorphosis of Chinese Olympic swimming champion Sun Yang’s public image from a national sports hero to an ordinary individual on the Chinese social media platform Weibo. To explore the interplay between national identity construction and mediated discursive (de-)heroization of athletes, we employ discourse theories and a self-constructed corpus to analyze popular Weibo posts and follow-up comments during and after Sun Yang’s controversial international doping trial. The findings demonstrate the influential role of Chinese state-run media in shaping online public opinion, contrasting with Sun Yang’s less strategic self-presentation. Weibo discussions feature conflicting discourses, including xenophobic nationalism, anti-authority sentiments, and cosmopolitan liberal values. Initially prevalent nationalistic views diminish following criticism from a state newspaper, which emphasizes adherence to international rules. This case illustrates the challenge for elite athletes in balancing a patriotic image with a cosmopolitan identity as China seeks to increase global influence and support.</p

Electronic Structure of the CO/Pt(111) Electrode Interface Probed by Potential-Dependent IR/Visible Double Resonance Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy

To clarify the origin of the anomalous increase of the intensity of the sum frequency generation (SFG) peak corresponding to the stretching of preadsorbed CO on a Pt(111) electrode in H₂SO₄ solution prior to anodic oxidation CO, potential-dependent SFG measurements were carried out by using eight different visible-light energies (527∼635 nm). Anomalous SFG intensity peaks were observed at all visible light except at 527 nm, and the potential of the SFG peak shifted with the visible-light energy by 1 V/eV, showing that the origin of the anomalous increase of SFG intensity is not due to the potential-dependent geometric structure change of adsorbed CO suggested before but due to a resonance of visible and/or SF light with electronic transition from the Fermi level of Pt(111) to the 5σ_a antibonding state of adsorbed CO. The present work showed that SFG spectroscopy can probe not only the molecular structure but also the electronic structure of the electrochemical interface, which is difficult to be determined by other methods

Grafted Copolymerization Modification of Hemicellulose Directly in the Alkaline Peroxide Mechanical Pulping (APMP) Effluent and Its Surface Sizing Effects on Corrugated Paper

In this work, the graft copolymerization of acrylamide (AM) and methacryloyloxy ethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) with the hemicellulose in the alkaline peroxide mechanical pulping (APMP) effluent was investigated using the Fenton agent (FeSO₄/H₂O₂) as an initiator. The effects of the reaction conditions on the characteristics of the graft copolymers were studied. On the basis of the graft copolymer characterization, the optimum conditions were as follows: total active ingredient concentration 31%, reactive temperature 50 °C, amount of the initiator 0.4%, ratio of H₂O₂ to FeSO₄ 1:1, molar ratio of DMC to AM 1.5:20 and optimum percentages of <i>C</i>, <i>G</i>, GE, and viscosity are 65%, 246%, 98%, and 5020 cP, respectively. Structure elucidation of the graft copolymer was obtained by ¹H NMR spectroscopy and FT-IR. Gel-permeation chromatography (GPC) was employed to determine the molecular mass and molecular mass distribution of hemicellulose and graft copolymer. The thermal degradation properties of hemicellulose and the graft copolymers were measured by thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The graft copolymer was subsequently used as a corrugated paper surface sizing agent, which can significantly improve the physical strength and water resistance of corrugated paper

我国足球归化运动员社会认同问题研究：基于社交媒体内容的 情感与主题分析 (The social identity of naturalized footballers in China: social media contents based sentiment and thematic analysis)

The paper explores the social identity of naturalized footballers in China by analyzing replies extracted from the relevant trending topics on Weibo in a diachronic manner. A mixed-method examination of these replies through manually annotated sentiment analysis and theme extraction reveals that: 1) Sentiments about the social identity of naturalized footballers polarize significantly, among which negative emotions being more intense than positive ones; 2) sentiments toward different players are quite diversified; 3) sentiments change markedly from negative to positive over time; 4) “nation and ancestry”, “acculturation and integration” and “competitive level”are the three most discussed themes of online conversations about naturalized players

Exploring the Addressability of DNA Decorated Multifunctional Gold Nanoparticles with DNA Origami Template

The hybridization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), along with other nanomaterials, has encouraged applications in biomedical imaging, plasmonic enhancement, and catalysts. However, the rational organization of AuNPs in nanotechnology fields remains difficult, which might require multiaddressability of nanoparticles for heterogeneous conjugation. In this work, multifunctional AuNPs were developed by conjugation of two types of DNA strands containing different sequences, which allowed the AuNPs to recognize multiple binding sites. The ratio of different sequences of DNA, and the different lengths of coding DNA oligos on the surface of the AuNPs, had varied influences on the functionality of the multifunctional DNA-AuNPs. This new type of DNA-decorated nanoparticles will enhance the diversity and complexity of nanoparticle-based bottom-up fabrication in materials science and bionanotechnology

MOESM1 of Cost-effectiveness of nivolumab in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma treated in the United States

Additional file 1. Additional tables

The Fractal Network Structure of Silk Fibroin Molecules and Its Effect on Spinning of Silkworm Silk

Animal silk is usually considered to exist as a solid fiber with a highly ordered structure, formed by the hierarchical assembly starting from a single silk fibroin (SF) chain. However, this study showed that silk protein molecules existed in the form of a fractal network structure in aqueous solution, rather than as a single chain. This type of network was relatively rigid with low fractal dimension. Finite element analysis revealed that this network structure significantly helped in the stable storage of SF prior to the spinning process and in the rapid formation of a β-sheeted nanocrystalline and nematic texture during spinning. Further, the strong but brittle mechanical properties of Bombyx mori silk could also be well-explained through the fractal network model of silk fibroin. The strength was mainly derived from the dual network structure, consisting of nodes and β-sheet cross-links, whereas the brittleness could be attributed to the rigidity of the SF chains between these nodes and cross-links. In summary, this study presents insights from network topology for understanding the spinning process of natural silk and the structure–property relationship in silk materials

Grafted Copolymerization Modification of Hemicellulose Directly in the Alkaline Peroxide Mechanical Pulping (APMP) Effluent and Its Surface Sizing Effects on Corrugated Paper

In this work, the graft copolymerization of acrylamide (AM) and methacryloyloxy ethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) with the hemicellulose in the alkaline peroxide mechanical pulping (APMP) effluent was investigated using the Fenton agent (FeSO₄/H₂O₂) as an initiator. The effects of the reaction conditions on the characteristics of the graft copolymers were studied. On the basis of the graft copolymer characterization, the optimum conditions were as follows: total active ingredient concentration 31%, reactive temperature 50 °C, amount of the initiator 0.4%, ratio of H₂O₂ to FeSO₄ 1:1, molar ratio of DMC to AM 1.5:20 and optimum percentages of <i>C</i>, <i>G</i>, GE, and viscosity are 65%, 246%, 98%, and 5020 cP, respectively. Structure elucidation of the graft copolymer was obtained by ¹H NMR spectroscopy and FT-IR. Gel-permeation chromatography (GPC) was employed to determine the molecular mass and molecular mass distribution of hemicellulose and graft copolymer. The thermal degradation properties of hemicellulose and the graft copolymers were measured by thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The graft copolymer was subsequently used as a corrugated paper surface sizing agent, which can significantly improve the physical strength and water resistance of corrugated paper

ITS2 Secondary Structure Improves Discrimination between Medicinal “Mu Tong” Species when Using DNA Barcoding

<div><p>DNA barcoding is a promising species identification method, but it has proved difficult to find a standardized DNA marker in plant. Although the ITS/ITS2 RNA transcript has been proposed as the core barcode for seed plants, it has been criticized for being too conserved in some species to provide enough information or too variable in some species to align it within the different taxa ranks. We selected 30 individuals, representing 16 species and four families, to explore whether ITS2 can successfully resolve species in terms of secondary structure. Secondary structure was predicted using Mfold software and sequence-structure was aligned by MARNA. RNAstat software transformed the secondary structures into 28 symbol code data for maximum parsimony (MP) analysis. The results showed that the ITS2 structures in our samples had a common four-helix folding type with some shared motifs. This conserved structure facilitated the alignment of ambiguous sequences from divergent families. The structure alignment yielded a MP tree, in which most topological relationships were congruent with the tree constructed using nucleotide sequence data. When the data was combined, we obtained a well-resolved and highly supported phylogeny, in which individuals of a same species were clustered together into a monophyletic group. As a result, the different species that are often referred to as the herb “Mu tong” were successfully identified using short fragments of 250 bp ITS2 sequences, together with their secondary structure. Thus our analysis strengthens the potential of ITS2 as a promising DNA barcode because it incorporates valuable secondary structure information that will help improve discrimination between species.</p></div