Research framework for screening articles about the origins of SARS-CoV-2.

Research framework for screening articles about the origins of SARS-CoV-2.</p

An illustrative example with a partial list of backward citations in [57].

An illustrative example with a partial list of backward citations in [57].</p

The number of articles in the top 10 journals.

The number of articles in the top 10 journals.</p

F1 score and numbers of queries when each model reached the maximum F1 score.

F1 score and numbers of queries when each model reached the maximum F1 score.</p

The performance of the top screened articles about the origins of SARS-CoV-2 from the CORD-19 dataset.

The performance of the top screened articles about the origins of SARS-CoV-2 from the CORD-19 dataset.</p

The overlapping shares of relevant articles screened by three base classifiers.

The overlapping shares of relevant articles screened by three base classifiers.</p

The trends of the number of relevant and nonrelevant publications with publishing time in our seed dataset.

The trends of the number of relevant and nonrelevant publications with publishing time in our seed dataset.</p

Fig 5 -

The performance of our active learning approach with support vector machine (a), logistic regression (b), and random forest (c) as the respective base classifiers in terms of the F1 score.</p

The procedure of an active learning approach.

The procedure of an active learning approach.</p

The cumulative distribution of the number of international publications.

The cumulative distribution of the number of international publications.</p