Drumlin Extraction Toolbox

This repository contains an ArcGIS Toolbox and associated Python scripts for the following research article published in the International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation.Wang, S., Wu, Q.*, & Ward, D. (2017). Automated delineation and characterization of drumlins using a localized contour tree approach. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and GeoInformation, 62, 144-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2017.06.006GitHub Repository: https://github.com/giswqs/Drumlin-Extraction-ToolboxToolbox Demo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hzx3bUap_5E</div

Behavior of Ants Escaping from a Single-Exit Room

<div><p>To study the rules of ant behavior and group-formation phenomena, we examined the behaviors of <i>Camponotus japonicus</i>, a species of large ant, in a range of situations. For these experiments, ants were placed inside a rectangular chamber with a single exit that also contained a filter paper soaked in citronella oil, a powerful repellent. The ants formed several groups as they moved toward the exit to escape. We measured the time intervals between individual escapes in six versions of the experiment, each containing an exit of a different width, to quantify the movement of the groups. As the ants exited the chamber, the time intervals between individual escapes changed and the frequency distribution of the time intervals exhibited exponential decay. We also investigated the relationship between the number of ants in a group and the group flow rate.</p></div

Time interval frequency distribution of all repetitions of the experiments for each exit width.

<p>The histogram represents the experimental results for each exit width, and the solid line represents the result of nonlinear fitting. (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), and (F) depict the frequency distributions of the time intervals in the six experimental repetitions for exit sizes of 1<i>w</i> = 0.5 cm, 2<i>w</i> = 1.0 cm, 3<i>w</i> = 1.5 cm, 4<i>w</i> = 2.0 cm, 5<i>w</i> = 2.5 cm, and 6<i>w</i> = 3.0 cm. All of the results show exponential decay based on nonlinear fitting.</p

<i>Q</i> (mean flow rate) of all of experimental repetitions for the six different exit widths.

<p>The six exit widths were 1<i>w</i> (0.5 cm), 2<i>w</i> (1.0 cm), 3<i>w</i> (1.5 cm), 4<i>w</i> (2.0 cm), 5<i>w</i> (2.5 cm), and 6<i>w</i> (3.0 cm). The square represents the <i>Q</i> (mean flow rate) for each exit width. The data indicate no obvious linear relationship between <i>Q</i> (mean flow rate) and <i>d</i> (exit size).</p

Relationship between the number of ants in a group (<i>S</i>) and <i>Q</i>_<i>S</i> through an exit.

<p>(A), (B) and (C) show the relationship between <i>S</i> and <i>Q</i>_{<b><i>S</i></b>} for the 1<i>w</i> (when <i>N</i>≥2), 2<i>w</i>-6<i>w</i> (when <i>N</i>≥2) and 2<i>w</i>-6<i>w</i> (when <i>N</i>≥3) exit widths, respectively. (A), (B) and (C) reveal a trend toward an increase in <i>Q</i>_{<b><i>S</i></b>} with increasing <i>S</i> only when the exit width was 1<i>w</i> (0.5 cm).</p

Supplementary document for Improved measurement of the glue layer in composite material by using sparse deconvolution - 6554039.pdf

supplemental materia

Escape distribution of ants under the effect of a repellent.

<p>(A), (B) The temporal evolution of the number of ants escaping through an exit size of 1<i>w</i> = 0.5 cm and other exit sizes (2<i>w</i> = 1.0 cm, 3<i>w</i> = 1.5 cm, 4<i>w</i> = 2.0 cm, 5<i>w</i> = 2.5 cm, and 6<i>w</i> = 3.0 cm); the data of one experimental repetition is shown. The solid line represents the result of nonlinear fitting. The flow of ants is divided into several groups. Solid line: </p><p></p><p></p><p><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>A</mi><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>*</mo>exp<mo stretchy="false">(</mo></p><p></p><p><mo>−</mo><mi>x</mi></p><p><mi>t</mi><mn>1</mn></p><p></p><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>y</mi><mn>0</mn><p></p><p></p><p></p>; where y represents the number of escaped ants, and x represents time.<p></p

Comparison of time intervals among ant experiments with six exit widths using the t-test.

<p>One, two, and three stars indicate a <i>P</i>-value below 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001, respectively. (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), and (F) show the results of comparisons between the exit widths 1<i>w</i> (0.5 cm), 2<i>w</i> (1.0 cm), 3<i>w</i> (1.5 cm), 4<i>w</i> (2.0 cm), 5<i>w</i> (2.5 cm), and 6<i>w</i> (3.0 cm), with each exit width being compared with every other exit width.</p

Relationship between the value of <i>β</i> and the six different exit widths.

<p>The six exit widths were 1<i>w</i> (0.5 cm), 2<i>w</i> (1.0 cm), 3<i>w</i> (1.5 cm), 4<i>w</i> (2.0 cm), 5<i>w</i> (2.5 cm), and 6<i>w</i> (3.0 cm). The square represents the value of <i>β</i> for each exit width, and the solid line represents the result of linear fitting. A trend in which the value of <i>β</i> decreased as the exit width increased is evident.</p

Analysis of the correlation between <i>Q</i>_<i>S</i> and <i>S</i> for the 1<i>w</i> exit width in the evacuation experiments.

<p>It is shown that <i>Q</i>_<i>S</i> and <i>S</i> are significantly correlative.</p><p>^a* Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).</p><p>^b** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).</p><p>Analysis of the correlation between <i>Q</i>_<i>S</i> and <i>S</i> for the 1<i>w</i> exit width in the evacuation experiments.</p