Fabrication of Ir-CoO<i>_x</i>@mesoporous SiO₂ Nanoreactors for Selective Hydrogenation of Substituted Nitroaromatics

Nanosized Ir catalysts suffer from serious side reactions and poor stability during hydrogenation of substituted nitroaromatics to produce aromatic amines. In this work, core–shell nanostructures with sub-4 nm Ir-CoOx hybrid cores and mesoporous SiO2 shells were designed and prepared to overcome these problems. The Ir-CoOx hybrid cores were converted from IrCo alloy nanoparticles (NPs) inside SiO2 through in situ calcination and reduction pretreatments. The SiO2 mesoporous shells in Ir-CoOx@SiO2 nanoreactors prevented the agglomeration/sintering of IrCo NPs, while allowing the free reactants and products (big molecules). The synergy between Ir and CoOx species improved H2 adsorption, thus affecting the reaction rate as well as the selectivity to aromatic amines. As a result, the obtained Ir-CoOx@SiO2 nanocatalyst showed tremendous improvement in catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability

Mouse SIRT3 Attenuates Hypertrophy-Related Lipid Accumulation in the Heart through the Deacetylation of LCAD

<div><p>Cardiac hypertrophy is an adaptive response to pressure, volume stress, and loss of contractile mass from prior infarction. Metabolic changes in cardiac hypertrophy include suppression of fatty acid oxidation and enhancement of glucose utilization, which could result in lipid accumulation in the heart. SIRT3, a mitochondrial NAD+-dependent deacetylase, has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in controlling the acetylation status of many enzymes participating in energy metabolism. However, the role of SIRT3 in the pathogenesis of hypertrophy-related lipid accumulation remains unclear. In this study, hypertrophy-related lipid accumulation was investigated using a mouse cardiac hypertrophy model induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). We showed that mice developed heart failure six weeks after TAC. Furthermore, abnormal lipid accumulation and decreased palmitate oxidation rates were observed in the hypertrophic hearts, and these changes were particularly significant in SIRT3-KO mice. We also demonstrated that the short form of SIRT3 was downregulated in wild-type (WT) hypertrophic hearts and that this change was accompanied by a higher acetylation level of long-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD), which is a key enzyme participating in fatty acid oxidation. In addition, SIRT3 may play an essential role in attenuating lipid accumulation in the heart through the deacetylation of LCAD.</p></div

Data_Sheet_1_Mapping network connection among symptoms of anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance in Chinese high school students.docx

BackgroundDue to tremendous academic pressure, Chinese high school students suffer from severe depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. Moreover, senior high school students commonly face more serious mental health problems than junior high school students. However, the co-occurrence and internal relationships of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances clusters are scarcely examined among high students. Therefore, the current study inspected relationships between depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance symptoms through network analysis and identified key symptoms bolstering the correlation and intensifying the syndromes.MethodsA total of 13,999 junior high school students (Mage = 13.42 years, SDage = 1.35, 50% females) and 12,550 senior high school students (Mage = 16.93 years, SDage = 1.67, 47% females) were recruited in Harbin. We constructed networks for all students, junior high group, and senior high group, including data from the Youth Self-rating Insomnia Scale-3 (YSIS-3), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 (GAD-2), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2). The indices of “strength” was used to identify symptoms' centrality, and “bridge strength” was used to find specific nodes that could bridge anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance.ResultsThe networks of all students, junior high and senior high students, were stable and accurate. Among all networks, “Nervousness” (GAD1) had the highest strength, and “Nervousness”–“Excessive worry” (GAD1-GAD2) had the strongest correlation. “Nervousness” (GAD1) also functioned as the bridge symptom among junior high students, while “Sad mood” (PHQ2) among senior high students. Senior high students scored higher than junior high students on all items and had a tighter network structure.ConclusionsIn networks consisting of anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance, anxiety plays a conspicuous role in comorbidity among junior high school students, which transforms into depression among senior high school students. Treatments or interventions should be focused on these critical symptoms.</p

Overexpression of SIRT3 attenuated lipid accumulation <i>in vitro</i>.

<p>(A and B) Cardiomyocytes were infected with Ad.SIRT3 or vehicle and then treated with PE or blank control. The cells were observed using an optical microscope and stained or not stained with oil red. (C) The cholesterol level in cardiomyocytes was measured in response to PE. (D) The triglyceride level in cardiomyocytes was measured in response to PE. The data are presented as the means ± SEM of three independent experiments. *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01.</p

Boosting Stability and Inkjet Printability of Pure-Red CsPb(Br/I)₃ Quantum Dots through Dual-Shell Encapsulation for Micro-LED Displays

The development of pure-red perovskite quantum dots (QDs) for displays is lagging due to their structural instability. Herein, we present a new core dual-shell structure with CsPb(Br/I)3@SiO2@polystyrene (PS) QDs, emitting at 627 nm. The structure consists of a CsPb(Br/I)3 core, an intermediate SiO2 layer, and an outermost PS shell. The PS shell plays a crucial role in silane hydrolysis, preventing SiO2 aggregation and enhancing the dispersibility of the CsPb(Br/I)3@SiO2@PS QDs. These QDs exhibit enhanced resilience against irradiation, moisture, and thermal stress, maintaining approximately 80% of their initial photoluminescence (PL) intensity after 3 days of UV irradiation exposure or after 2 days of being subject to high humidity and temperature conditions. Utilized as red inkjet inks, these QDs enable the inkjet printing of a vivid red dot matrix and a Chinese chess pattern. This innovation holds promise for expanding the practical utilization of CsPb(Br/I)3 QDs, particularly in full-color micro-LED display technology via inkjet printing

SIRT3-KO mice had a propensity to develop heart failure in response to TAC.

<p>(A) SIRT3 protein was absent in the hearts from SIRT3-KO mice. The protein extracts were probed with antibodies to SIRT3 (28 kDa) and β-actin. (B) SIRT3 PCR genotyping. KO, knockout; WT, wild type. (C) The ratio of the heart weight to the body weight was recorded to assess the level of hypertrophy after TAC in SIRT3-KO mice and WT controls. (D) Hematoxylin/eosin-stained cardiac sections from SIRT3-KO mice and WT controls (sham or TAC). The arrows denote areas of cardiomyocyte loss or dropout. Sections of the hearts were stained with Masson’s trichrome to detect fibrosis (blue). (E) Bar graph showing the quantification of fibrosis in the SIRT3-KO mice hearts and WT controls (sham or TAC). (F and G) The LV wall thickness and fractional shortening (FS) were measured with echocardiology as described in the methods section. The data are presented as the means ± SEM of three independent experiments. *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01.</p

Solar Reforming Lignocellulose into H₂ over pH-Triggered Hydroxyl-Functionalized Chalcogenide Nanotwins

H2 production by lignocellulose photoreforming is deemed to be a promising approach for the conversion of solar energy to fuels yet in limited efficiency to date. Herein, we bring a record-breaking H2 evolution activity with a large amount of observable H2 bubbles generated in the basic α-cellulose photoreforming reaction using a nanotwinned CdZnS photocatalyst (CZS). Subsequently, an outdoor compound parabolic concentrator-based reactor is developed to scale up this system to 7.2 m2 and a H2 production rate of 615 mL h–1 under direct solar irradiation was obtained. We demonstrated the vital function of the basic solution pH in accelerating the oxidation semireaction kinetics. The pH dependence of the hydroxylated surface over CZS nanotwins features efficient hole transfer and rapid hydroxyl radical generation by inducing favorable reaction kinetics/thermodynamics in alkaline solution, enabling highly effective photoreforming activity. This work provides a state-of-art example of efficient H2 production via lignocellulose photoreforming

SIRT3 controlled the acetylation status of LCAD <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>.

<p>(A) The short form of SIRT3 (28 kDa) was localized exclusively in the mitochondria. Nuclear and mitochondrial protein extracts were immunoblotted with antibodies against the indicated proteins such as histone 3 and Hsp70. (B) The global mitochondrial acetylation level was assessed in both WT and SIRT3-KO mice subjected to sham or TAC. (C) Mitochondria extracts from SIRT3-KO mice and WT controls (sham or TAC) were immunoprecipitated with Ac-Lysine antiserum and analyzed with anti-LCAD. (D) LCAD immune complexes from hearts of SIRT3-KO mice and WT controls were immunoblotted with Ac-Lysine antibodies, and probing with LCAD antibodies revealed the total LCAD levels. (E) Expression vectors encoding FLAG-tagged murine LCAD were cotransfected with an expression vector for either Ad.SIRT3 or vehicle into cardiomyocytes. The acetylation levels for murine LCAD were measured after immunoprecipitation (anti-FLAG) by western blotting with Ac-Lysine antiserum. (F) Quantification of the acetylation level of mitochondrial proteins in WT and SIRT3-KO mice. The data are presented as the means ± SEM of three independent experiments. *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01.</p

Overexpression of SIRT3 blocked the cardiac hypertrophic response <i>in vitro</i>.

<p>(A) Expression level of SIRT3 in cardiomyocytes after infection with Ad.SIRT3 or vehicle at an MOI of 10 for 16 h. (B) Quantification of SIRT3 at different time points after infection with Ad.SIRT3. (C) Cardiomyocytes were infected with Ad.SIRT3 or vehicle and then treated with PE (20 μM) or blank control (saline). The cells were stained for α-SMA (red), and the nucleus positions were determined by DAPI staining (blue). (D) The incorporation of [³H]-leucine into total cellular proteins was determined and normalized to the DNA content of the cells. (E) mRNA levels of the indicated fetal genes (<i>anf</i> and <i>myh-7</i>) in cardiomyocytes infected with Ad.SIRT3 and then treated or not treated with PE. The data are presented as the means ± SEM of three independent experiments. *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01.</p

Solar Reforming Lignocellulose into H₂ over pH-Triggered Hydroxyl-Functionalized Chalcogenide Nanotwins

H2 production by lignocellulose photoreforming is deemed to be a promising approach for the conversion of solar energy to fuels yet in limited efficiency to date. Herein, we bring a record-breaking H2 evolution activity with a large amount of observable H2 bubbles generated in the basic α-cellulose photoreforming reaction using a nanotwinned CdZnS photocatalyst (CZS). Subsequently, an outdoor compound parabolic concentrator-based reactor is developed to scale up this system to 7.2 m2 and a H2 production rate of 615 mL h–1 under direct solar irradiation was obtained. We demonstrated the vital function of the basic solution pH in accelerating the oxidation semireaction kinetics. The pH dependence of the hydroxylated surface over CZS nanotwins features efficient hole transfer and rapid hydroxyl radical generation by inducing favorable reaction kinetics/thermodynamics in alkaline solution, enabling highly effective photoreforming activity. This work provides a state-of-art example of efficient H2 production via lignocellulose photoreforming