Table_2_Health damage assessment of commuters and staff in the metro system based on field monitoring—A case study of Nanjing.DOCX

IntroductionThe metro has emerged as a major mode of transportation. A significant number of commuters and staff in the metro system are exposed to air pollutants because of its shielded environment, and substantial health damage requires quantitative assessment. Previous studies have focused on comparing the health impacts among different transportation modes, overlooking the specific population characteristics and pollutant distribution in metro systems.MethodsTo make improvements, this study implements field monitoring of the metro's air environment utilizing specialized instruments and develops a health damage assessment model. The model quantifies health damage of two main groups (commuters and staff) in metro systems at three different areas (station halls, platforms, and metro cabins) due to particulate matter 10 and benzene series pollution.ConclusionA case study of Nanjing Metro Line 3 was conducted to demonstrate the applicability of the model. Health damage at different metro stations was analyzed, and the health damage of commuters and staff was assessed and compared. This study contributes to enhancing research on health damage in the metro systems by providing a reference for mitigation measures and guiding health subsidy policies.</p

Table_1_Health damage assessment of commuters and staff in the metro system based on field monitoring—A case study of Nanjing.DOCX

IntroductionThe metro has emerged as a major mode of transportation. A significant number of commuters and staff in the metro system are exposed to air pollutants because of its shielded environment, and substantial health damage requires quantitative assessment. Previous studies have focused on comparing the health impacts among different transportation modes, overlooking the specific population characteristics and pollutant distribution in metro systems.MethodsTo make improvements, this study implements field monitoring of the metro's air environment utilizing specialized instruments and develops a health damage assessment model. The model quantifies health damage of two main groups (commuters and staff) in metro systems at three different areas (station halls, platforms, and metro cabins) due to particulate matter 10 and benzene series pollution.ConclusionA case study of Nanjing Metro Line 3 was conducted to demonstrate the applicability of the model. Health damage at different metro stations was analyzed, and the health damage of commuters and staff was assessed and compared. This study contributes to enhancing research on health damage in the metro systems by providing a reference for mitigation measures and guiding health subsidy policies.</p

Flux Projection Tree Method for Mechanism Reduction

Merits and demerits of the directed relation graph (DRG) method are analyzed. On the basis of these analyses, a flux projection tree (FPT) method for mechanism reduction is proposed. A tree-type structure is constructed in FPT based on the contribution of each species to the global flux; that is, the importance of each species is quantified by normalized projection of its participation flux vector upon the total species flux vector. Because a tree-type structure is simpler than a graph-type structure, FPT tends to be more efficient than DRG and path flux analysis (PFA) in computation. Additionally, the significance of each species in a mechanism is estimated on the basis of its contribution to the global species flux, instead of its contribution to the flux of a single species in a pre-chosen important species set, as in DRG and PFA. Thus, a reduced model obtained by FPT is more accurate in most cases. Detailed mechanisms for oxidation of ethylene, <i>n</i>-heptane, and PRF50 were reduced with FPT, and the reliability of the resulting skeletal mechanisms is comparable or even better than that of the skeletal mechanisms obtained by DRG or PFA with similar size. Because of its high efficiency, FPT can be used as the first-step reduction method or on-the-fly mechanism reduction approach in numerical simulations of reaction flow

Flux Projection Tree Method for Mechanism Reduction

Merits and demerits of the directed relation graph (DRG) method are analyzed. On the basis of these analyses, a flux projection tree (FPT) method for mechanism reduction is proposed. A tree-type structure is constructed in FPT based on the contribution of each species to the global flux; that is, the importance of each species is quantified by normalized projection of its participation flux vector upon the total species flux vector. Because a tree-type structure is simpler than a graph-type structure, FPT tends to be more efficient than DRG and path flux analysis (PFA) in computation. Additionally, the significance of each species in a mechanism is estimated on the basis of its contribution to the global species flux, instead of its contribution to the flux of a single species in a pre-chosen important species set, as in DRG and PFA. Thus, a reduced model obtained by FPT is more accurate in most cases. Detailed mechanisms for oxidation of ethylene, <i>n</i>-heptane, and PRF50 were reduced with FPT, and the reliability of the resulting skeletal mechanisms is comparable or even better than that of the skeletal mechanisms obtained by DRG or PFA with similar size. Because of its high efficiency, FPT can be used as the first-step reduction method or on-the-fly mechanism reduction approach in numerical simulations of reaction flow

DataSheet_2_The analysis of lysine succinylation modification reveals the mechanism of oxybenzone damaging of pakchoi (Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis).docx

Oxybenzone (OBZ), one of a broad spectrum of ultraviolet (UV) absorbents, has been proven to be harmful to both plants and animals, while omics analysis of big data at the molecular level is still lacking. Lysine succinylation (Ksuc) is an important posttranslational modification of proteins that plays a crucial role in regulating the metabolic network in organisms under stress. Here, we report the changes in intracellular Ksuc modification in plants under OBZ stress. A total of 1276 succinylated sites on 507 proteins were identified. Among these sites, 181 modified proteins were hypersulfinylated/succinylated in OBZ-stressed pakchoi leaves. Differentially succinylated proteins (DSPs) are distributed mainly in the chloroplast, cytoplasm, and mitochondria and are distributed mainly in primary metabolic pathways, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, stress resistance, energy generation and transfer, photosynthetic carbon fixation, glycolysis, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Comprehensive analysis shows that Ksuc mainly changes the carbon flow distribution, enhances the activity of the antioxidant system, affects the biosynthesis of amino acids, and increases the modification of histones. The results of this study first showed the profiling of the Kusc map under OBZ treatment and proposed the adaptive mechanism of pakchoi in response to pollutants and other abiotic stresses at the posttranslational level, which revealed the importance of Ksuc in the regulation of various life activities and provides a reference dataset for future research on molecular function.</p

DataSheet_1_The analysis of lysine succinylation modification reveals the mechanism of oxybenzone damaging of pakchoi (Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis).xlsx

Oxybenzone (OBZ), one of a broad spectrum of ultraviolet (UV) absorbents, has been proven to be harmful to both plants and animals, while omics analysis of big data at the molecular level is still lacking. Lysine succinylation (Ksuc) is an important posttranslational modification of proteins that plays a crucial role in regulating the metabolic network in organisms under stress. Here, we report the changes in intracellular Ksuc modification in plants under OBZ stress. A total of 1276 succinylated sites on 507 proteins were identified. Among these sites, 181 modified proteins were hypersulfinylated/succinylated in OBZ-stressed pakchoi leaves. Differentially succinylated proteins (DSPs) are distributed mainly in the chloroplast, cytoplasm, and mitochondria and are distributed mainly in primary metabolic pathways, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, stress resistance, energy generation and transfer, photosynthetic carbon fixation, glycolysis, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Comprehensive analysis shows that Ksuc mainly changes the carbon flow distribution, enhances the activity of the antioxidant system, affects the biosynthesis of amino acids, and increases the modification of histones. The results of this study first showed the profiling of the Kusc map under OBZ treatment and proposed the adaptive mechanism of pakchoi in response to pollutants and other abiotic stresses at the posttranslational level, which revealed the importance of Ksuc in the regulation of various life activities and provides a reference dataset for future research on molecular function.</p