The influence of the dosages of rutin on the characteristics of zein-sodium caseinate nanoparticles^a (zein to SC mass ratio 1:1, 80% concentrations of ethanol).

<p>The influence of the dosages of rutin on the characteristics of zein-sodium caseinate nanoparticles<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0194951#t004fn001" target="_blank">^a</a> (zein to SC mass ratio 1:1, 80% concentrations of ethanol).</p

Characterisation of zein-sodium caseinate nanoparticles (ZP) with different zein to SC mass ratios^a.

<p>Characterisation of zein-sodium caseinate nanoparticles (ZP) with different zein to SC mass ratios<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0194951#t001fn001" target="_blank">^a</a>.</p

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of rutin loaded ZP.

Zein (A, B), zein-SC (C, D) and rutin-loaded (0.1g) zein-SC nanoparticles (E, F) at a zein-SC mass ratio of 1: l.</p

Antioxidant characteristics of rutin-loaded zein-SC nanoparticles with different dosages of rutin (zein to SC mass ratio 1:1, 80% concentrations of ethanol)^a.

<p>Antioxidant characteristics of rutin-loaded zein-SC nanoparticles with different dosages of rutin (zein to SC mass ratio 1:1, 80% concentrations of ethanol)<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0194951#t005fn001" target="_blank">^a</a>.</p

Characterisation of rutin-loaded zein-sodium caseinate nanoparticles with different zein to SC mass ratios^a (0.1g rutin loaded).

<p>Characterisation of rutin-loaded zein-sodium caseinate nanoparticles with different zein to SC mass ratios<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0194951#t002fn001" target="_blank">^a</a> (0.1g rutin loaded).</p

FTIR spectra of powdered zein-SC nanoparticles.

<p>A: rutin, B: zein-SC nanoparticles and rutin-loaded zein-SC nanoparticles (C: 0.05g rutin, D: 0.10g rutin, E: 0.15g rutin and F: 0.20g rutin).</p

FTIR Data

The FTIR data of manuscripts “Preparation, characterisation and antioxidant activities of rutin-loaded zein-sodium caseinate nanoparticles”in journal Plos One

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of rutin loaded ZP.

<p>A: 0.05 g rutin; B: 0.10 g rutin; C: 0.15 g rutin and D: 0.20 g rutin at a zein-SC mass ratio of 1: l.</p

Effect of different concentrations of ethanol on the characteristics of rutin-loaded zein-sodium caseinate nanoparticles^a (zein to SC mass ratio 1:1, 0.1g rutin loaded).

<p>Effect of different concentrations of ethanol on the characteristics of rutin-loaded zein-sodium caseinate nanoparticles<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0194951#t003fn001" target="_blank">^a</a> (zein to SC mass ratio 1:1, 0.1g rutin loaded).</p

Table_1_TRAF3IP3 Is Cleaved by EV71 3C Protease and Exhibits Antiviral Activity.DOCX

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the major pathogens of hand, foot, and mouth disease, which poses a major risk to public health and infant safety. 3C protease (3Cpro), a non-structural protein of EV71, promotes viral protein maturation by cleaving polyprotein precursors and facilitates viral immune escape by cleaving host proteins. In this study, we screened for human proteins that could interact with EV71 3Cpro using a yeast two-hybrid assay. Immune-associated protein TRAF3 Interacting Protein 3 (TRAF3IP3) was selected for further study. The results of co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence demonstrated the interaction between TRAF3IP3 and EV71 3Cpro. A cleavage band was detected, indicating that both transfected 3Cpro and EV71 infection could cleave TRAF3IP3. 87Q-88G was identified as the only 3Cpro cleavage site in TRAF3IP3. In Jurkat and rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells, TRAF3IP3 inhibited EV71 replication, and 3Cpro cleavage partially resisted TRAF3IP3-induced inhibition. Additionally, the nuclear localization signal (NLS) and nuclear export signal (NES) of TRAF3IP3 were identified. The NES contributed to TRAF3IP3 alteration of 3Cpro localization and inhibition of EV71 replication. Together, these results indicate that TRAF3IP3 inhibits EV71 replication and 3Cpro resists such inhibition via proteolytic cleavage, providing a new example of virus-host interaction.</p