Halogen Bond-Catalyzed Friedel–Crafts Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones Using a Bidentate Halogen Bond Donor Catalyst: Synthesis of Symmetrical Bis(indolyl)methanes

The use of a halogen bond donor to catalyze Friedel–Crafts reactions of indoles with a range of aldehydes and ketones to directly produce bis­(indolyl)­methanes, including the natural products arsindoline A, arundine, trisindoline, and vibrindole A, is reported. The bidentate catalyst used in these reactions proved to be more effective than a monondentate analogue, a thiourea commonly used as an organocatalyst, and even a trityl cation that has been used previously in the synthesis of bis­(indolyl)­methanes

Data_Sheet_1_Health Benefits of Air Quality Improvement: Empirical Research Based on Medical Insurance Reimbursement Data.pdf

Measuring the health benefits of air quality improvement is a new perspective for evaluating government investment in pollution control. Improving air quality can reduce the burden on medical insurance funds and patients themselves; however, patients with higher reimbursement rates are more affected by air quality changes. This study calculated health benefits using medical insurance reimbursement data from a sample city in China. The results show that for every 10 μg/m3 decrease in PM2.5, patients' average medical cost will decrease by CNY 1,699 (USD 263.6), and the loss of ordinary working and living time will decrease by 1.24 days. PM2.5 has a more significant impact on patients with chronic respiratory diseases and inpatients with circulatory diseases. Suppose the city's annual PM2.5 concentration drops to the national standard of 35 μg/m3. In that case, it will bring more than CNY 1.28 billion (USD 198 million) in health benefits, accounting for 18% of the city's annual investment in environmental protection.</p

Mechanocatalytic Polymerization and Cross-Linking in a Polymeric Matrix

A latent olefin metathesis catalyst, bearing two polymeric NHC ligands, was embedded in a semicrystalline polymer matrix containing cyclic olefins. The catalyst was activated by straining the solid material under compression, resulting in polymerization and cross-linking reactions of the monomers in situ. Catalyst activation in the solid state may be employed in new self-healing materials

sj-pdf-1-epb-10.1177_23998083211056341 – Supplemental Material for Associations between the quality of street space and the attributes of the built environment using large volumes of street view pictures

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-epb-10.1177_23998083211056341 for Associations between the quality of street space and the attributes of the built environment using large volumes of street view pictures by Shuangjin LI, Ma Shuang, De Tong, Zimu Jia, Pai Li and Ying Long in Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science</p

Data_Sheet_1_The influence of KCl concentration on the gelation of myofibrillar protein giant squid (Dosidicus gigas) due to molecular conformation change.docx

IntroductionProtein gelation process is of importance in food industry. The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of salt concentration variation, which induced protein conformation change, on protein’s intermolecular interactions and its gelation process.MethodsParamyosin has been separated and purified from myofibrillar protein extracted from giant squid. Then Giant squid’s paramyosin molecular mass and intermolecular interactions were quantified by means of light scattering techniques. Finally, the micro-rheology study via diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS) technique revealed that this conformation change dramatically affected myofibrillar protein gelation process.ResultsThe obtained apparent molecular weight (ca 2 × 105 g/mol) suggested that protein molecules existed as dimers, while the second virial coefficient A2 significantly reduced from −3.98456 × 10−5 to −5.07575 × 10−4 ml mol/g2 when KCl concentrated from 0.15 to 1 mol/L. Light scattering data also suggest that paramyosin dimers are stiff, with a persistence length of 120 nm, almost the length of a molecule and independent of salt concentration. Mean-square displacement (MSD) of tracer particles at 5 temperatures with 4 salt concentrations displayed that this conformation change had dramatic effect. Therefore, G’ and G” were remarkably altered with at least one order of magnitude difference owing to this event occurrence.ConclusionsParamyosin conformation change due to KCl concentrated enhances attractive interactions with apparent molecular mass increase, which resulted in majority paramyosin molecules (> 99%) in dimeric form and promoted aggregates formation. DWS technique revealed that the conformation change dramatic affected this process characterized by the correlation functions, MSD, and G’ and G”. This study brings forward data on understanding the effect of a major salt supplement, KCl, on the chemical physics of a major muscle protein.</p

Table_1_Association of serum creatinine to cystatin C to waist circumference ratios and hypertension: evidence from China health and retirement longitudinal study.docx

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to explore the association between the ratio of serum creatinine to cystatin C to waist circumference (CCR/WC) and hypertension.MethodsThe study utilized data extracted from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. In the cross-sectional analysis, logistic regression analyses were employed to examine the association between the CCR/WC ratio and hypertension. By utilizing restricted cubic splines, potential non-linear associations between the CCR/WC ratio and hypertension were explored. In the longitudinal analysis, the association between CCR/WC quartiles (Q1–Q4) and the risk of new-onset hypertension was evaluated by Cox proportional-hazards models.ResultsIn total, 7,253 participants were enrolled. The study unveiled an inverse association with hypertension, demonstrating an odds ratio (OR) of 0.29 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.23–0.37, P ConclusionThis study emphasizes the potential association between an elevated CCR/WC ratio and a reduced risk of hypertension.</p

Design, Synthesis, Antiviral Activity, and SARs of 14-Aminophenanthroindolizidines

Based on our previous structure–activity relationship and antiviral mechanism studies, a series of 14-aminophenanthroindolizidines (<b>1a</b>–<b>i</b>, <b>2</b>, and <b>3</b>) were designed, targeting tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA, and synthesized and systematically evaluated for their antiviral activity against TMV. The bioassay results showed that most of these compounds exhibited good to excellent in vivo anti-TMV activity, of which compounds <b>1d</b> and <b>1h</b> displayed significantly higher activity than commercial ningnanmycin, and thus emerged as potential inhibitors of plant virus. The introduction of amino groups at the 14-position of phenanthroindolizidines, which is proposed to interact with arginine residues around the TMV RNA, increased anti-TMV activity

Changes of Nitrate Activity and Byproduct Distribution Characteristics for Synergistic NOx and Dioxin Abatement over V₂O₅/AC Catalyst

The simultaneous removal of NOx and dioxins has been considered an economical and effective technology of controlling multipollutant flue gas in the context of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”. However, this technology has not yet been implemented in practical situations, because the interactive relationship between the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) reaction and dioxin catalytic oxidation lacks a deep understanding, especially on a carbon-based catalyst. In this research, the influence of NO and NH3 on the oxidation characteristics and byproducts distribution of dibenzofuran (DBF) was studied on V2O5/AC catalyst. Results indicated that NH3 has a stronger inhibition effect for DBF catalytic oxidation than NO due to obvious competitive adsorption between NH3 and DBF on the V2O5/AC catalyst. In addition, although both NO and NH3 inhibit the complete degradation of DBF, their effects on the byproduct distribution are not consistent. NO primarily affects the level of oxygen-containing byproducts, while NH3 primarily affects the level of alkane byproducts. Furthermore, the SCR reaction activity demonstrated a reduction when DBF was present. The occupation of V2O5 sites by DBF and its oxidizing intermediates has hindered the production of monodentate nitrate and the reactivity of bridged nitrate, resulting in a decrease in SCR activity via the L-H mechanism. This work aims to provide theoretical guidance for simultaneous removal of NOx and dioxins in industrial fumes

Bi Quantum Dots Supported on BiOBr Nanoparticles and Loaded on Porous ZnO as a Photocatalyst for Dye Degradation and H₂ Production

Synergetic photocatalytic H2 production by organic dye photodegradation is always a goal. However, the related research has been hindered due to the uncontrollability of this process. This study prepares the ZnO/Bi-QDs/BiOBr photocatalyst, and the hole (h+) aggregation phase (ZnO) is constructed into a lamellar porous structure to improve its adsorption capacity for dyes based on the energy level structure of the composite. By this method, the reactive groups used for photodegradation of dyes are controlled to h+ and •OH, e– is used for photocatalytic H2 production, and the synergistic effect of dye photodegradation and photocatalytic H2 production is realized. Under the action of this photocatalyst and visible light, rhodamine B (RhB) is completely degraded in 8 min, the time can be reduced to 2 min when pH is 5, and it can realize the complete degradation of RhB in 120 min under natural sunlight. The H2 production rate reaches 1678 μmol·g–1·h–1 in RhB (h+ scavenger) aqueous solution under visible light. This study provides an effective method and design idea for the design of photocatalysts with photocatalytic H2 production during the photodegradation of organic dyes

Data_Sheet_1_Impacts of Future Climate and Land Use/Cover Changes on Water-Related Ecosystem Services in Changbai Mountains, Northeast China.docx

Sustaining ecosystem services in alpine regions is a pressing global challenge given future accelerating environmental changes. Understanding how future climate change and land use/cover change (LUCC) drive ecosystem service will be important in this challenge. However, few studies have considered the combined effects of future climate change and LUCC on ecosystem services. We assessed water yield and soil retention services and their drivers in the Changbai mountains region (CBMR) from the 2020 to 2050s using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model and factor control experiments. Water yield decreased by 2.80% and soil retention increased by 6.14% over the 30 years. Climate change decreased water yield and increased soil retention, while LUCC decreased both water yield and soil retention. The interactive effects between climate change and LUCC had relatively small inhibitory effects on water yield and large facilitation effects on soil retention. Changes in water yield were mainly attributed to climate change, while soil retention was largely influenced by interaction. Our study highlights the individual and interactive contributions of future climate change and land use to ecosystem service in the mountains region, which can provide important information for informed future land management and policy making for sustaining diverse ecosystem services.</p