16 research outputs found
Additional file 1: of Associations between occupational stress, burnout and well-being among manufacturing workers: mediating roles of psychological capital and self-esteem
Survey questionnaires. (DOCX 11 kb
Nationwide Distribution of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Outdoor Dust in Mainland China From Eastern to Western Areas
From eastern to western areas, per-
and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were detected at substantial
levels in the outdoor dust across mainland China. Urban samples generally
showed higher levels compared with those of rural samples. Compared
with neutral PFASs, ionizable PFASs (C4–C12 perfluoroalkyl
carboxylic acids and C4/C8 perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids) were more
abundant, with the highest total concentration up to 1.6 × 10<sup>2</sup> ng/g and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) being a predominant
analogue. Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) and polyfluoroalkyl phosphoric
acid diesters (DiPAPs) were both detected in most samples with total
concentrations of 0.12–32 and 0.030–20 ng/g, respectively.
Perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethanols/sulfonamides (FOSE/As) were detected
at low frequencies (<30%). In addition to partitioning to organic
moiety, specific adsorption onto mineral particles can be important
for PFASs to bind onto outdoor dust, especially for short-chain ionizable
PFASs. The eastern plain areas were characterized by a higher contribution
of long-chain ionizable PFASs; whereas the western high plateau areas
were characterized by the dominating contribution of short-chain analogues.
The difference suggests that the long-range atmospheric transport
potential of PFASs from source regions to the inland is probably limited
by the increase in altitude, and different sources from adjacent regions
may influence the western border area of China
Large-Scale Manual Grinding Preparation of Ultrathin Porous Sulfur (S<sub>8</sub>)‑Anchored ScOOH Nanosheets for Photothermal Conversion and Dye Adsorption
Porous two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have attracted
much attention
in recent years and shown unique electronic and physicochemical properties
by utilizing the advantages of both porous structure and 2D architecture.
However, the low-cost, large-scale, and high-quality synthesis of
porous 2D nanomaterials is still very challenging. Herein, for the
first time, we develop a facile manual grinding strategy for the preparation
of ultrathin porous sulfur (S8)-anchored ScOOH nanosheets
(S8/ScOOH-NSs) by the mechanical stripping of S8-anchored ScOOH nanorods (S8/ScOOH-NRs). The formation
of S8/ScOOH-NSs should be due to the intrinsic lamellar
structure of S8/ScOOH-NRs. The obtained S8/ScOOH-NSs
with rich mesopores have a high-quality crystal structure. Because
of hydrophobic sulfur and carbon components on the surface, S8/ScOOH-NSs show good hydrophobicity. In addition, S8/ScOOH-NSs exhibit more excellent photothermal conversion efficiency
and adsorption capacity compared with S8/ScOOH-NRs, which
is directly attributed to the synergistic effect of sulfur-doping,
porous structure, and 2D architecture. Therefore, the facile and large-scale
synthesis strategy endows S8/ScOOH-NSs with multifunctional
properties that have great application prospects in water cleaning
and photothermal evaporators
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Indoor Air and Dust from Homes and Various Microenvironments in China: Implications for Human Exposure
A newly developed solid-phase extraction
cartridge composed of
mixed sorbents was optimized for collection of both neutral and ionizable
per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in indoor air. Eighty-one
indoor air samples and 29 indoor dust samples were collected from
rooms of homes and hotels, textile shops, and cinemas in Tianjin,
China. Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) were the predominant PFASs found
in air (250–82 300 pg/m<sup>3</sup>) and hotel dust
(24.8–678 ng/g). Polyfluoroalkyl phosphoric acid diesters were
found at lower levels of nd–125 pg/m<sup>3</sup> in air and
0.32–183 ng/g in dust. Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs)
were dominant ionizable PFASs in air samples (121–20 600
pg/m<sup>3</sup>) with C4–C7 PFCAs contributing to 54% ±
17% of the profiles, suggesting an ongoing shift to short-chain PFASs.
Long-chain PFCAs (C > 7) were strongly correlated and the intermediate
metabolite of FTOHs, fluorotelomer unsaturated carboxylic acids, occurred
in all the air samples at concentrations up to 413 pg/m<sup>3</sup>, suggesting the transformation of precursors such as FTOHs in indoor
environment. Daily intake of ∑PFASs via air inhalation and
dust ingestion was estimated at 1.04–14.1 ng/kg bw/d and 0.10–8.17
ng/kg bw/d, respectively, demonstrating that inhalation of air with
fine suspended particles was a more important direct exposure pathway
than dust ingestion for PFASs to adults
Additional file 1 of Visual and auditory attention defects in children with intermittent exotropia
Supplementary Material
Occurrence and Phase Distribution of Neutral and Ionizable Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the Atmosphere and Plant Leaves around Landfills: A Case Study in Tianjin, China
A total
of 23 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were
investigated in the air, dry deposition, and plant leaves at two different
landfills and one suburban reference site in Tianjin, China. The potential
of landfills as sources of PFASs to the atmosphere and the phase distribution
therein were evaluated. The maximum concentrations of ∑PFASs
in the two landfills were up to 9.5 ng/m<sup>3</sup> in the air, 4.1
μg/g in dry deposition, and 48 μg/g lipid in leaves with
trifluoroacetic acid and perfluoropropionic acid being dominant (71%–94%).
Spatially, the distribution trend of ionizable and neutral PFASs in
all three kinds of media consistently showed the central landfill
> the downwind > the upwind > the reference sites, indicating
that
landfills are important sources to PFASs in the environment. Plant
leaves were found effective in uptake of a variety of airborne PFASs
including polyfluoroalkyl phosphoric acid diesters, thus capable of
acting as a passive air sampling approach for air monitoring
Template Synthesis of CuInS<sub>2</sub> Nanocrystals from In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> Nanoplates and Their Application as Counter Electrodes in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
We
report the room temperature template synthesis of CuInS<sub>2</sub> nanocrystals through incorporation of Cu<sup>+</sup> cations
into In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> nanoplates whose chemical composition
has been controlled by varying the amount of copper ions in the reaction
mixture. As a result, bandgaps of the resultant CuInS<sub>2</sub> nanoplates
can be tuned from 1.45 to 1.19 eV with [Cu]/[In] molar ratios increasing
from 0.7 to 2.9, which was demonstrated by the cyclic voltammetry.
We explored the use of CuInS<sub>2</sub> nanocrystals as potential
counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells, and a power conversion
efficiency of 6.83% was achieved without selenization and ligand exchange.
The value is comparable with the performance of a control device using
Pt as a counter electrode (power conversion efficiency: 7.08%) under
the same device architecture
Electronic Signatures of all Four DNA Nucleosides in a Tunneling Gap
Nucleosides diffusing through a 2 nm electron-tunneling junction generate current spikes of sub-millisecond duration with a broad distribution of peak currents. This distribution narrows 10-fold when one of the electrodes is functionalized with a reagent that traps nucleosides in a specific orientation with hydrogen bonds. Functionalizing the second electrode reduces contact resistance to the nucleosides, allowing them to be identified via their peak currents according to deoxyadenosine > deoxycytidine > deoxyguanosine > thymidine, in agreement with the order predicted by a density functional calculation
Improving Pore Filling of Gel Electrolyte and Charge Transport in Photoanode for High-Efficiency Quasi-Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
We
demonstrate the enhancement of pore-filling and wettability of gel
electrolyte in quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs)
by developing a kinetically driven electrolyte infiltration approach,
in which the air purging provides the driving force. This method renders
fast electrolyte diffusion throughout the three-dimensional TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticle network, promising for large-area device fabrication.
In addition, for the first time we incorporate multiwalled carbon
nanotubes into the anode of quasi-solid-state DSSCs to improve the
charge transfer efficiency and fill factor. These advancements finally
generate an efficiency exceeding 7.0%, much higher than the device
efficiency of 5.5% fabricated by the conventional method
Significant Improvement of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Performance Using Simple Phenothiazine-Based Dyes
A series of simple phenothiazine-based
dyes have been synthesized,
in which a cyanoacrylate acceptor directly attached to the C(3) position
of phenothiazine, and an additional linear electron-rich (4-hexyloxy)Âphenyl
group at C(7) on the opposite side of the acceptor, and an alkyl chain
with different length at N(10) of the phenothiazine periphery are
presented. The dye molecules have a linear shape which is favorable
for the formation of a compact dye layer on the TiO<sub>2</sub> surface,
while their butterfly conformations can sufficiently inhibit molecular
aggregation. Moreover, the structural features of (4-hexyloxy)Âphenyl
donor moiety at the C(7) position of phenothiazine extends the π-conjugation
of the chromophore, thus enhancing the performance of dye-sensitized
solar cells (DSSCs). Moreover, the alkyl substituents with different
chain length at the N(10) atom of phenothiazine could further optimize
the performance through completely shielding the surface of TiO<sub>2</sub> from the I<sup>–</sup>/I<sup>3‑</sup> electrolyte
and subsequently reducing the leakage of dark current. Under simulated
AM 1.5G irradiation, the PT-C6 based DSSC produces a short-circuit
photocurrent of 15.32 mA cm<sup>–2</sup>, an open-circuit photovoltage
of 0.78 V, a fill factor of 0.69, corresponding to a power conversion
efficiency (PCE) of 8.18%, which exceeds the reference N719 (7.73%)
under identical fabrication conditions. Notably, the designed molecular
structure represents the highest photovoltaic conversion efficiency
value when compared with other reported phenothiazine-derived dyes