Carbon−Carbon Bond Formation Involving a Vinylidene Ligand and Ferrocenyl Substituent in Cationic Ruthenium Complexes

A formal intramolecular olefin metathesis process between the CC double bond of a vinylidene ligand and a pendant vinyl group in several ruthenium complexes, each with a ferrocenyl group, is followed by an additional intramolecular C−C bond formation between a Cp ligand of the ferrocenyl substituent and the vinylidene ligand. The regioselectivity of the C−C bond formation reaction at either the substituted or the nonsubstituted Cp group of the ferrocenyl group is possibly influenced by a steric effect between the neighboring substituent near the ferrocenyl group and the phosphine ligand on the ruthenium metal center. The structure of one ruthenium complex resulting from such a C−C bond formation has been fully characterized by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis

Demographical background of the prelingually deaf group, the postlingually deaf group and the normal-hearing (NH) group.

<p>IQR: Interquartile range; ImpSide: Side of ear with a implant; OnsetDeaf: Onset of deafness; DuraDeaf: Duration of deafness; AgeImp: Age at implantation; DuraImp: Duration of implant use; SDT: Speech detection threshold; SRT: Speech recognition threshold; ImpPTA: Pure tone average of the implanted ear; NonImpPTA: Pure tone average of the non-implanted or normal-hearing ear; VisionCon: Vision condition.</p><p>Demographical background of the prelingually deaf group, the postlingually deaf group and the normal-hearing (NH) group.</p

Median recognition scores obtained by the cochlear implanted groups and the normal-hearing group.

<p>Median recognition scores of (A) phonemes, (B) lexical tones and (C) words obtained by the prelingual group, the postlingual group and the normal-hearing (NH) group in audiovisual (AV) and auditory-only (AO) modes at the 3 presentation levels. The asterisk marks indicate significant difference between AV and AO modes. The horizontal bars indicate significant difference between groups. The vertical error bars represent 95% confidence interval.</p

The results of SERT and PPVT-R obtained from total participants and subgroups A and B.

<p>The statistical differences (<i>p</i> value) between groups A and B were demonstrated.</p

Relationship between the standard scores of PPVT-R and the age at aural habilitation began.

<p>The scatter plot with linear regression prediction line of 95% confidence interval of the standard scores of PPVT-R and the age at aural habilitation began (in months).</p

Summary of previous studies on environmental sound recognition performance by patients who received cochlear implants.

<p>Summary of previous studies on environmental sound recognition performance by patients who received cochlear implants.</p

Spearman correlation coefficients between deafness-related parameters, test conditions and recognition scores.

<p>OnsetDeaf: Onset of deafness; DuraDeaf: Duration of deafness; AgeImp: Age at implantation; DuraImp: Duration of implant use; n/s: Not significant; n/a: Not applicable.</p><p>*Spearman's correlation coefficients adjusted by sex and age.</p>1<p>Scoring type coded as word  = 1, tone  = 2, phoneme  = 3.</p>2<p>Mode coded as auditory-only  = 1, audiovisual  = 2.</p><p>Only significant correlations are shown.</p><p>Spearman correlation coefficients between deafness-related parameters, test conditions and recognition scores.</p

Relationship between the correct percentage in SERT and the PTA average on the better ear.

<p>The scatter plot with linear regression prediction line of 95% confidence interval of correct percentage in SERT and the independent variables (i.e.PTA on the better ear, in dB HL).</p

The correct percentage of 30 sound effects in SERT of CI participants listed according to the sound categories (A, B and C, see text).

<p>The notations “+” and “−” represent the presence or absence of the acoustic features (i.e. temporal pattern and harmonics).</p

The mean values (SD) of independent variables of group A (21 preschool children), group B (26 school-aged children) and total participants (n = 47) in this study.

<p>The mean values (SD) of independent variables of group A (21 preschool children), group B (26 school-aged children) and total participants (n = 47) in this study.</p