Strategically Designed Hyperbranched Polyglycerol as an Efficient Integrated Additive for Hydrocarbon Fuels

In this study, palmitoyl and hindered phenolic hyperbranched polyglycerol (CBHPG), with hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG) as the structural core and hindered phenol or alkyl chain as the decorated shell, has been strategically designed and synthesized as an efficient integrated additive to enhance the energy efficiency and inhibit the oxidation coking of hydrocarbon fuels. The superior thermal stability and solubility of CBHPG were confirmed by thermal gravimetric analysis and dynamic light scattering. In the presence of CBHPG with high antioxidant activity, the oxidation induction time of n-undecane increased more than 2-fold at 170 °C. In deposition tests, the amphiphilic macromolecule CBHPG showed excellent performance with 58% oxidation coking inhibition rate of Chinese Jet Fuel (RP-3). The Jet Fuel Thermal Oxidation Stability test at 355 °C also exhibited that CBHPG could greatly reduce the deposit of RP-3 by decreasing the deposit rating from >4 to <1. In cracking experiments, the addition of 0.1 wt % CBHPG with sufficient polymerization could increase the conversion of n-undecane by 17.6%, with the corresponding heat sink by 6.1% at 675 °C. The above results indicated that CBHPG could efficiently enhance the performance of hydrocarbon fuels due to multipurposes in antioxidation, coking inhibition, and cracking promotion. CBHPG with a strategically designed structure as an integrated additive shows great promise in improving the energy efficiency and safety in future advanced aircraft

Mitochondrial DNA Damage in Earthworms: A Hazard Associated with Sublethal Systemic Pesticide Exposures

The increasing popularity of seed treatment applications in agriculture may leave unintended hazards to soil biota, such as earthworms. The objective of this study was to explore mitochondrial DNA toxicity resulting from sublethal exposures to systemic pesticides, including four neonicotinoid insecticides (neonics), as well as coexposure to difenoconazole (DIF), a triazole fungicide, in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in vivo. Earthworms were exposed under dose regimes resembling label recommendation and levels left in soil post seed treatment application for 30 days in an earthworm breeding facility. Mitochondrial DNA copy numbers (mtDNAcn) in earthworms were determined by using the 2–ΔCt algorithm. Earthworms’ body weights were recorded before and after the exposure period. We found a highly significant increase of mtDNAcn in earthworms across all exposure groups (ANOVA, p < 0.001), either under a single neonic or combined with DIF exposure. Coupled with mtDNA toxicity, earthworms in the treatment groups gained significantly less weight than control earthworms (ANOVA, p < 0.001). We concluded that systemic pesticides, both neonics and DIF, posed mtDNA toxicity as measured by mtDNAcn, in earthworms

Data_Sheet_1_Abnormal amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation values as a neuroimaging biomarker for major depressive disorder with suicidal attempts in adolescents: A resting-state fMRI and support vector machine analysis.docx

ObjectiveMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with suicidal attempts (SAs) among adolescents, with suicide being the most common cause of mortality in this age group. This study explored the predictive utility of support vector machine (SVM)-based analyses of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) results as a neuroimaging biomarker for aiding the diagnosis of MDD with SA in adolescents.MethodsResting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) analyses of 71 first-episode, drug-naive adolescent MDD patients with SA and 54 healthy control individuals were conducted. ALFF and SVM methods were used to analyze the imaging data.ResultsRelative to healthy control individuals, adolescent MDD patients with a history of SAs showed reduced ALFF values in the bilateral medial superior frontal gyrus (mSFG) and bilateral precuneus. These lower ALFF values were also negatively correlated with child depression inventory (CDI) scores while reduced bilateral precuneus ALFF values were negatively correlated with Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire Junior (SIQ-JR) scores. SVM analyses showed that reduced ALFF values in the bilateral mSFG and bilateral precuneus had diagnostic accuracy levels of 76.8% (96/125) and 82.4% (103/125), respectively.ConclusionAdolescent MDD patients with a history of SA exhibited abnormal ALFF. The identified abnormalities in specific brain regions may be involved in the pathogenesis of this condition and may help identify at-risk adolescents. Specifically, reductions in the ALFF in the bilateral mSFG and bilateral precuneus may be indicative of MDD and SA in adolescent patients.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Effects of BPD tendencies and subjective well-being on NSSI in adolescents with PTSD.PDF

BackgroundSevere posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may lead to non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), and borderline personality disorder (BPD) tendencies may play a role in this process. Secondary vocational students experience more social, familial and other pressures and are more vulnerable to psychological problems. Thus, we explored the effect of BPD tendencies and subjective well-being (SWB) on NSSI in secondary vocational students with PTSD.MethodsA total of 2,160 Chinese secondary vocational students in Wuhan participated in our cross-sectional investigation. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5), criteria for PTSD, NSSI Questionnaire, Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+, subjective well-being scale, and family adaptation, partnership, growth, affection, and resolve (APGAR) Index were used. We conducted a binary logistic regression model and linear regression analysis.ResultsSex (odds ratio [OR] = 0.354, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.171–0.733), BPD tendencies (OR = 1.192, 95% CI = 1.066–1.333) and SWB (OR = 0.652, 95% CI = 0.516–0.824) were independent factors that predicted NSSI in secondary vocational students with PTSD. Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that BPD tendencies were positively correlated with NSSI frequency (r = 0.282, P ConclusionIn adolescents, PTSD in response to stressful events could lead to NSSI, and BPD tendencies promote the intensity of NSSI, while SWB diminishes its intensity. Improvement in family functioning may actively guide the development of mental health and improve SWB; such steps may constitute interventions to prevent or treat NSSI.</p

DataSheet_1_Transarterial chemoembolization combined with lenvatinib versus transarterial chemoembolization combined with sorafenib for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.docx

BackgroundThe combination of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) fulfills an important role in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). Among the combination therapies, both lenvatinib and sorafenib combined with TACE are recommended as first-¬line treatments for uHCC. However, at present, limited data are available concerning the efficacy and safety of these two combination therapies in uHCC.MethodsA detailed systematic search for studies on lenvatinib plus TACE (LEN+TACE) and sorafenib plus TACE (SOR+TACE) was conducted in the online databases PubMed, Embase and The Cochrane Library. The outcome data including overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS), time to progression (TTP), tumor response and adverse events (AEs), were independently extracted by two authors in a standardized way.ResultsOne randomized controlled trial and five cohort studies with 598 patients (LEN+TACE: 261, SOR+TACE: 337) were included in the meta-analysis. A higher rate of odds ratio (OR) for the objective response rate (ORR) [OR: 3.63; 95% confidence intervals (95% CI): 1.89-6.95; I squared statistic (I2) = 57%, P ConclusionThe combination therapy of LEN+TACE showed significant superiority compared with SOR+TACE in terms of its efficacy for patients with uHCC. SOR+TACE should be recommended as a replacement therapy when serious AEs occur during the administration of LEN+TACE as the combination therapy.</p

RPS induced apoptosis in esophageal cancer cells.

<p>Cells were treated with RPS at 0, 5, 10, or 20 μg/mL for 24 h. Both the attached cells and the floating cells in the media were collected by centrifugation at 1000 g for 5min. Cells were than incubated with 5 μL Annexin V-FITC and 10 μL PI for 15 min in dark, diluted in 200 μL PBS, and analyzed on BD FACS Calibur flow cytometer. Apoptosis was analyzed using FlowJo software, n = 3.</p

Calixarene-Capped Platinum Nanofluid for Pseudohomogeneous Catalytic Cracking and Heat Sink Enhancement of Ethylcyclohexane

To solve the heat management problem of supersonic aircraft, endothermic hydrocarbon fuels (EHFs) have been developed as both a coolant and a propellant. The pseudohomogeneous catalyst is an efficient way to improve the heat sink of EHFs. In this work, hydrocarbon soluble macrocyclic calixarene compound C-undecyl calix[4]2-(propylsulfanylmethyl)-resonrcinarene (C11–SC3) was synthesized and used as a stabilizer for hydrocarbon-dispersed Pt nanoparticles (Pt@C11–SC3). The morphological characterization results indicate that Pt nanoparticles are encapsulated by the calixarene, which helps the fabrication of ultrasmall Pt@C11–SC3. Ethylcyclohexane (ECH) was selected as a model substrate of EHFs to construct the Pt@C11–SC3/ECH nanofluid system for pseudohomogeneous catalytic cracking. The cracking test of the Pt@C11–SC3/ECH nanofluid was carried out in a batch reactor and a flow reactor under constant volume and pressure conditions. The distribution of cracking products displayed a significant improvement in terms of cracking conversion and a preferred heat absorbed reaction pathway, leading to a higher heat sink. There was a 16% maximum increase in heat sink in the constant pressure cracking tests with the addition of 0.01 wt % Pt@C11–SC3 at 700 °C. It provides a helpful method for heat sink enhancement of EHFs

Additional file 1 of Cinnamomi Ramulus inhibits the growth of colon cancer cells via Akt/ERK signaling pathways

Additional file 1: Table S1. The candidate drug targets of CR

Additional file 7 of Cinnamomi Ramulus inhibits the growth of colon cancer cells via Akt/ERK signaling pathways

Additional file 7: Figure S4. The workflow of this study

Additional file 5 of Cinnamomi Ramulus inhibits the growth of colon cancer cells via Akt/ERK signaling pathways

Additional file 5: Figure S2. The original WB images for p-Akt (T308), p-Akt (S473), pan-Akt, p-ERK (T202/Y204), pan-ERK and beta-actin