The impact of exchange rate changes on sectoral activity: The case of Egypt

This paper investigates the effect of changes in exchange rate on sectoral production in Egypt. For this purpose, the study, first, uses a MIDAS regression to compare between the sign and magnitude of the effect of two exchange rate measures on 22 subsectors and 4 aggregate sectors\u27 production in the period between 1982 till 2014. One measure is the monthly deflated official bilateral exchange rate of EGP against the US dollar and the other is the annual real effective exchange rate of the EGP. The results show opposite signs and magnitudes when comparing both measures which is a highly important finding as the effect of exchange rate on production is a debatable topic where each study shows different results depending on many aspects including the choice of exchange rate measure. As the real effective exchange rate is more representative of a currency\u27s real value, the interpretation of the estimation results is based on comparing public sectors and subsectors with private ones, export orientation with import orientation of each sector and sectors being tradable vs. non-tradable. Finally, results show that most of the low elasticity sectors are public, non-tradable and contribute by only little to GDP, while most tradable large sectors are highly elastic regardless of import and export shares of sectors

Islamophobia - Is it justified?

This research paper discusses the main reasons, triggers and consequences of the so-called Islamophobia phenomenon. The answer to the question raised in the title Is Islamophobia justified? is found to be: Islamophobia is a religious discrimination affecting innocent people who are or appear to be Muslims, especially after 9/11. This is due to the generalization of the guilt of any terroristic attack on the whole Muslim community and even on Islam. This answer was concluded through an evaluation of the aspects mentioned earlier which precedes through referencing other scholarly works, showing a collection of statistics developed by well established Research Centers and authorities and deriving a possible analysis. This provides the reader with a wider view and a discovery of possible missing links that would help him make a better judgement

Sustainable & Effective Integrated Technology in Classrooms

Leaders and Laggards describe how educational innovation means discarding policies and practices that no longer serve students while creating opportunities for smart, entrepreneurial problem-solvers to help children learn (qtd.In Blueprint). This description of Education Innovation relates well with the idea of integrating technology in education. However, this integration process is a complex one that must be carefully done and well researched in order for education process to benefit and develop. The most important point that educational administration has to focus on is how to construct a sustainable practical integration of technology in education to eliminate the drawbacks of traditional teaching without losing its essential good qualities. This essay will discuss possible solutions to this issue and present current applications

Reality in the eyes of Descartes vs. Berkeley

This writing elaborates on how the two Great Philosophers see reality, human and God existence. The reader gets exposed to two different ways of thinking that were essential in the history of American,Western, Human and Religious Philosophy as well as a foundation of Science in the Modern History

On signed product cordial of lemniscate graph and its second power

A graph  is called signed product cordial graph if it is possible to label the vertex by the function  and label the edges by , where ,  so that  and . In this paper we present necessary and sufficient conditions for which lemniscate and its second power are signed product cordial graph

Neutrosophic Digraph with Generalized Modus Tollens

In this paper, we generalize modus tollens method for neutrosophic digraph by using neutrosophic ruleand define degree of a vertex in neutrosophic digraph, Indegree of a vertex in neutrosophic digraph, out degree ofa vertex in neutrosophic digraph and generalized modus tollens are discussed

Smart Diagnosis for Cable Sheath Condition in High Voltage Cable Systems

Nowadays many researchers are focusing on on-line condition monitoring of high-voltage (HV) insulated cable systems to prevent failures. With the aim of reducing the current induced in the cable sheaths, cross-bonding (CB) grounding cable systems are used in long distance power transmission land lines. This thesis proposes a new criterion for the detection and localization of defects that might occur in the cables sheath when a CB configuration is adopted. The criterion proposed can be applied at different levels of load current and at different percentage of unbalance in minor sections. For the application of the criterion, the cable system under evaluation is modeled using the ATP software. Various practical cases were studied showing the effectiveness of the criterion for the detection and localization of different types of defects in simulated cable systems. Furthermore, in order to validate the criteria adopted for the defect detection, based on the ATP model, two real cases were evaluated. The results obtained proved that this criterion is suitable for the detection and localization of defects in the cables sheath, when on-line measurements are performed in monitoring applications. ----------RESUMEN---------- Actualmente, muchos investigadores están dedicados a la monitorizacion de la condición de los sistemas de cables aislados de alta tensión (AT) para evitar fallos. Con el objetivo de reducir la corriente inducida en las pantallas del cable, se utilizan sistemas de cable de configuración Cross Bonding (CB) en líneas subterráneas de transmisión de largas longitudes. Esta tesis propone un nuevo criterio para la detección y localización de defectos que pueden ocurrir en las pantallas de los cables cuando se adopta una configuración CB. El criterio propuesto puede aplicarse a diferentes niveles de corriente de carga y a diferentes porcentajes de desequilibrio en secciones menores. Para la aplicación del criterio, el sistema de cable bajo evaluación se modela utilizando el software ATP. Se estudiaron varios casos prácticos que muestran la efectividad del criterio para la detección y localización de diferentes tipos de defectos en sistemas de cable simulados. Además, para validar los criterios de detección de defectos, basados en el modelo ATP, se evaluaron dos casos reales. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que este criterio es adecuado para la detección y localización de defectos en la cubierta de los cables, cuando las medidas en línea se realizan en aplicaciones de monitorizacion

Dual energy contrast enhanced soft tissue digital mammography versus ultrasound elastography in the evaluation of breast masses

Purpose: To evaluate the value of dual energy contrast enhanced (DECE) soft tissue digital mammography and ultrasound elastography (UE) in the detection of breast lesions and discrimination between benign and malignant ones. Patients and methods: 32 female patients with breast lesions were prospectively evaluated at the female imaging unit of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department of the National Cancer Institute, Cairo University. Routine sono-mammography was done for each patient then these patients were submitted to DECE soft tissue digital mammography as well as UE. The DECE digital mammography scans were held via GE Senographe 2000D “GE Healthcare; Chalfont St-Giles, UK” FFDM system with some specific software and hardware adaptations. The UE exams were held on ultrasound scanner with elastography unit and 7.5 Mhz linear array electronic probe (Hitachi digital, EUB- 7500; Hitachi medical, Tokyo, Japan). Results: This study showed that sensitivity and specificity of DECE soft tissue digital mammography and UE were 86.3%, 60% and 80.9%, 40% respectively. Conclusion: DECE soft tissue digital mammography demonstrated significant increase in the sensitivity without a loss in specificity. DECE soft tissue digital mammography is fast-reproducible imaging tool without operator dependency. DECE soft tissue digital mammography and UE are valuable tools to evaluate equivocal lesions

Certain Types of Covering-Based Multigranulation (ℐ,T)-Fuzzy Rough Sets with Application to Decision-Making

As a generalization of Zhan’s method (i.e., to increase the lower approximation and decrease the upper approximation), the present paper aims to define the family of complementary fuzzy β-neighborhoods and thus three kinds of covering-based multigranulation (ℐ,T)-fuzzy rough sets models are established. Their axiomatic properties are investigated. Also, six kinds of covering-based variable precision multigranulation (ℐ,T)-fuzzy rough sets are defined and some of their properties are studied. Furthermore, the relationships among our given types are discussed. Finally, a decision-making algorithm is presented based on the proposed operations and illustrates with a numerical example to describe its performance