One-Pot Three-Component Reaction for the Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydroquinazolines and Quinazolin-4(3<i>H</i>)‑ones

A highly efficient and straightforward one-pot synthesis of diversely substituted 3,4-dihydroquinazolines and quinazolin-4(3H)-ones has been achieved through a domino three-component assembly reaction of arenediazonium salts, nitriles, and bifunctional aniline derivatives. This new protocol involves three C–N bond formations through the initial formation of N-arylnitrilium intermediates from arenediazonium salts and nitriles, followed by the sequential nucleophilic addition and cyclization reactions with bifunctional anilines, leading to such N-heterocyclic compounds of biological and pharmacological importance. This method offers a simple, expedient, and robust approach with the use of amenable and easily accessible reactants/reagents under metal-free mild conditions, good functional group tolerance, and high efficiency. The synthetic applications were also demonstrated by derivatization of the products obtained from these processes and syntheses of a diverse range of valuable polycyclic N-heterocycles

Synthesis and Electrolysis of K₃NaMgCl₆

High-purity K₃NaMgCl₆ was synthesized from magnesia.The factors affecting the purity of K₃NaMgCl₆ were investigated. The hygroscopic property of K₃NaMgCl₆ was studied. The preparation process of K₃NaMgCl₆ was investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis and differential scanning calorimetry analysis, and the reaction mechanism involved was determined. Then, magnesium metal was prepared by an electrochemical method using K₃NaMgCl₆ as raw material. The electrolytic parameters were measured, and the electrochemical behavior of magnesium ion in K₃NaMgCl₆ molten salt was investigated. Magnesia content in K₃NaMgCl₆ achieved 0.02 wt % under the optimum conditions. K₃NaMgCl₆ had a lower hygroscopy at room temperature and had a lower tendency to hydrolyze at high temperature. The purity of the obtained magnesium metal was 99.4 wt %, and the current efficiency in the electrolysis process was 94.8%

Fabrication of Hierarchical CaCO₃ Mesoporous Spheres: Particle-Mediated Self-Organization Induced by Biphase Interfaces and SAMs

Highly ordered hierarchical calcium carbonate is an important phase involved in calcification by a wide variety of invertebrate organisms, and its formation is of technological interest in the development of functional materials. In this article, porous CaCO3 hierarchical microspheres with a hedgehoglike appearance have been fabricated on the flexible substrate under mild conditions. There are two points that play important roles in the regular organization of the terminal products: one is the biphase interfaces, which are generated by organic solvent n-hexane and an aqueous saturated solution of Ca(OH)2, and the other is hydroxyl-terminated monolayers assembled on the flexible PET (poly(ethylene terephthalate)) substrate. The SEM images show that novel CaCO3 hierarchical microspheres consist of densely stacked “shuttles” by the oriented self-organization of CaCO3 nanoparticles. The IR and XRD spectra indicate that the as-synthesized products are composed of a calcite phase obtained by an ACC (amorphous calcium carbonate)-to-calcite transformation. In view of the results, a nanoparticle-mediated self-organization process induced by biphase interfaces and SAMs template is proposed for the integration of functional materials and nanodevices

Image_1_Stromal Protein Chloroplast Development and Biogenesis1 Is Essential for Chloroplast Development and Biogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana.TIF

Although numerous studies have been carried out on chloroplast development and biogenesis, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are still largely elusive. Here, we characterized a chloroplast stromal protein Chloroplast Development and Biogenesis1 (CDB1). The knockout cdb1 mutant exhibits a seedling-lethal and ivory leaf phenotype. Immunoblot and RNA blot analyses show that accumulation of chloroplast ribosomes is compromised in cdb1, resulting in an almost complete loss of plastid-encoded proteins including the core subunits of the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) RpoB and RpoC2, and therefore in impaired PEP activity. Orthologs of CDB1 are found in green algae and land plants. Moreover, a protein shows high similarity with CDB1, designated as CDB1-Like (CDB1L), is present in angiosperms. Absence of CDB1L results in impaired embryo development. While CDB1 is specifically located in the chloroplast stroma, CDB1L is localized in both chloroplasts and mitochondria in Arabidopsis. Thus, our results demonstrate that CDB1 is indispensable for chloroplast development and biogenesis through its involvement in chloroplast ribosome assembly whereas CDB1L may fulfill a similar function in both mitochondria and chloroplasts.</p

Image_2_Stromal Protein Chloroplast Development and Biogenesis1 Is Essential for Chloroplast Development and Biogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana.PDF

Although numerous studies have been carried out on chloroplast development and biogenesis, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are still largely elusive. Here, we characterized a chloroplast stromal protein Chloroplast Development and Biogenesis1 (CDB1). The knockout cdb1 mutant exhibits a seedling-lethal and ivory leaf phenotype. Immunoblot and RNA blot analyses show that accumulation of chloroplast ribosomes is compromised in cdb1, resulting in an almost complete loss of plastid-encoded proteins including the core subunits of the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) RpoB and RpoC2, and therefore in impaired PEP activity. Orthologs of CDB1 are found in green algae and land plants. Moreover, a protein shows high similarity with CDB1, designated as CDB1-Like (CDB1L), is present in angiosperms. Absence of CDB1L results in impaired embryo development. While CDB1 is specifically located in the chloroplast stroma, CDB1L is localized in both chloroplasts and mitochondria in Arabidopsis. Thus, our results demonstrate that CDB1 is indispensable for chloroplast development and biogenesis through its involvement in chloroplast ribosome assembly whereas CDB1L may fulfill a similar function in both mitochondria and chloroplasts.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Stromal Protein Chloroplast Development and Biogenesis1 Is Essential for Chloroplast Development and Biogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana.docx

Although numerous studies have been carried out on chloroplast development and biogenesis, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are still largely elusive. Here, we characterized a chloroplast stromal protein Chloroplast Development and Biogenesis1 (CDB1). The knockout cdb1 mutant exhibits a seedling-lethal and ivory leaf phenotype. Immunoblot and RNA blot analyses show that accumulation of chloroplast ribosomes is compromised in cdb1, resulting in an almost complete loss of plastid-encoded proteins including the core subunits of the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) RpoB and RpoC2, and therefore in impaired PEP activity. Orthologs of CDB1 are found in green algae and land plants. Moreover, a protein shows high similarity with CDB1, designated as CDB1-Like (CDB1L), is present in angiosperms. Absence of CDB1L results in impaired embryo development. While CDB1 is specifically located in the chloroplast stroma, CDB1L is localized in both chloroplasts and mitochondria in Arabidopsis. Thus, our results demonstrate that CDB1 is indispensable for chloroplast development and biogenesis through its involvement in chloroplast ribosome assembly whereas CDB1L may fulfill a similar function in both mitochondria and chloroplasts.</p

Image_3_Stromal Protein Chloroplast Development and Biogenesis1 Is Essential for Chloroplast Development and Biogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana.TIF

Although numerous studies have been carried out on chloroplast development and biogenesis, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are still largely elusive. Here, we characterized a chloroplast stromal protein Chloroplast Development and Biogenesis1 (CDB1). The knockout cdb1 mutant exhibits a seedling-lethal and ivory leaf phenotype. Immunoblot and RNA blot analyses show that accumulation of chloroplast ribosomes is compromised in cdb1, resulting in an almost complete loss of plastid-encoded proteins including the core subunits of the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) RpoB and RpoC2, and therefore in impaired PEP activity. Orthologs of CDB1 are found in green algae and land plants. Moreover, a protein shows high similarity with CDB1, designated as CDB1-Like (CDB1L), is present in angiosperms. Absence of CDB1L results in impaired embryo development. While CDB1 is specifically located in the chloroplast stroma, CDB1L is localized in both chloroplasts and mitochondria in Arabidopsis. Thus, our results demonstrate that CDB1 is indispensable for chloroplast development and biogenesis through its involvement in chloroplast ribosome assembly whereas CDB1L may fulfill a similar function in both mitochondria and chloroplasts.</p

Additional file 3 of Recruitment of general practitioners in China: a scoping review of strategies and challenges

Additional file 3

Additional file 1 of Recruitment of general practitioners in China: a scoping review of strategies and challenges

Additional file 1

Additional file 2 of Recruitment of general practitioners in China: a scoping review of strategies and challenges

Additional file 2