Table_1_Visible-Light-Induced C–C Coupling Reaction to Synthesize Bipyridine From 3-Cyano-1,4-Dihydropyridines.DOCX

A concise and efficient photocatalytic C–C coupling of 1-benzyl-3-cyano-1, 4-dihydropyridine for synthesis of 1,1′-dibenzyl-3, 3′-dicyano-1,1′,4,4′-tetrahydro-4, 4′-bipyridine is described. The reporter system provides a novel technique that facilitates synthesis of C–C coupling derivatives without addition of transition metals and oxidants or other additives. A plausible synthetic pathway is proposed, and the coupling product was characterized via nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H and 13C NMR), high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-HRMS) and X-ray analyses.</p

Illustration showing the rate of different intercavernous sinuses in cadaver and MRV.

<p>AIS: anterior intercavernous sinus; BS: basilar sinus; DSS: dorsum sellae sinus; H: hypophysis; IIS: inferior intercavernous sinus.</p

Both the anterior intercavernous sinus and the inferior intercavernous sinus were found in the cadaver (a) or CE-MRI image (b: sagittal, c: horizontal, d: coronal).

<p>AIS: anterior intercavernous sinus; BA: basilar artery; BS: basilar sinus; CS: cavernous sinus; DSS: dorsum sellae sinus; H: hypophysis; ICA: internal carotid artery; IIS: inferior intercavernous sinus; OP: optic nerve; SH: stalk of hypophsis; SP: sphenoid sinus. Direction: A-superior; P-posterior; S-superior; I-inferior.</p

Boletín de Segovia: Número 157 - 1845 diciembre 27

Copia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Cultura. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 200

Illustration showing the operative space of sphenoid sinus in different types of intercavernous sinus.

<p>AIS: anterior intercavernous sinus; BS: basilar sinus; H: hypophysis; IIS: inferior intercavernous sinus; SH: stalk of hypophysis.</p

Anteroposterior diameters of the intercavernous sinuses in cadaver and CE-MRV (mm).

<p>Anteroposterior diameters of the intercavernous sinuses in cadaver and CE-MRV (mm).</p

The rate of intercavernous sinuses in cadaver and CE-MRV.

<p>The rate of intercavernous sinuses in cadaver and CE-MRV.</p

Supraoinferior diameters of the intercavernous sinuses in cadaver and CE-MRV (mm).

<p>Supraoinferior diameters of the intercavernous sinuses in cadaver and CE-MRV (mm).</p

Image_1_The Antimicrobial Peptide MPX Can Kill Staphylococcus aureus, Reduce Biofilm Formation, and Effectively Treat Bacterial Skin Infections in Mice.jpeg

Staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogen that can cause pneumonia and a variety of skin diseases. Skin injuries have a high risk of colonization by S. aureus, which increases morbidity and mortality. Due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains, antimicrobial peptides are considered to be among the best alternatives to antibiotics due to their unique mechanism of action and other characteristics. MPX is an antibacterial peptide extracted from wasp venom that has antibacterial activity against a variety of bacteria. This study revealed that MPX has good bactericidal activity against S. aureus and that its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is 0.08 μM. MPX (4×MIC) can kill 99.9% of bacteria within 1 h, and MPX has good stability. The research on the bactericidal mechanism found that MPX could destroy the membrane integrity, increase the membrane permeability, change the membrane electromotive force, and cause cellular content leakage, resulting in bactericidal activity. Results from a mouse scratch model experiment results show that MPX can inhibit colonization by S. aureus, which reduces the wound size, decreases inflammation, and promotes wound healing. This study reports the activity of MPX against S. aureus and its mechanism and reveals the ability of MPX to treat S. aureus infection in mice, laying the foundation for the development of new drugs for bacterial infections.</p

Image_2_The Antimicrobial Peptide MPX Can Kill Staphylococcus aureus, Reduce Biofilm Formation, and Effectively Treat Bacterial Skin Infections in Mice.jpeg

Staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogen that can cause pneumonia and a variety of skin diseases. Skin injuries have a high risk of colonization by S. aureus, which increases morbidity and mortality. Due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains, antimicrobial peptides are considered to be among the best alternatives to antibiotics due to their unique mechanism of action and other characteristics. MPX is an antibacterial peptide extracted from wasp venom that has antibacterial activity against a variety of bacteria. This study revealed that MPX has good bactericidal activity against S. aureus and that its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is 0.08 μM. MPX (4×MIC) can kill 99.9% of bacteria within 1 h, and MPX has good stability. The research on the bactericidal mechanism found that MPX could destroy the membrane integrity, increase the membrane permeability, change the membrane electromotive force, and cause cellular content leakage, resulting in bactericidal activity. Results from a mouse scratch model experiment results show that MPX can inhibit colonization by S. aureus, which reduces the wound size, decreases inflammation, and promotes wound healing. This study reports the activity of MPX against S. aureus and its mechanism and reveals the ability of MPX to treat S. aureus infection in mice, laying the foundation for the development of new drugs for bacterial infections.</p