Disease-free survival in 126 ER-negative Han Chinese breast cancer patients.

<p>(A) Stratified by intrinsic subtypes (proportional hazards assumption violated) and (B) stratified by the 16-concurrent gene signature (Log-rank test: <i>P</i> <0.001). SSP: single sample prediction, Her2: HER2-enriched, LumA: luminal A, LumB: luminal B subtype breast cancer. X-axis: survival time in years.</p

Flow chart of study design (GSEA: Gene set enrichment analysis).

<p>Flow chart of study design (GSEA: Gene set enrichment analysis).</p

Disease-free survival in 214 ER-positive Han Chinese breast cancer patients.

<p>(A) Stratified by intrinsic subtypes (proportional hazards assumption violated) and (B) stratified by the 16-concurrent gene signature (Log-rank test: <i>P</i> = 0.023). SSP: single sample prediction, Her2: HER2-enriched, LumA: luminal A, LumB: luminal B subtype breast cancer. X-axis: survival time in years.</p

Frequency plot of copy number variation in a sample of 23 Taiwanese breast cancers.

<p>Frequency plot of copy number variation in a sample of 23 Taiwanese breast cancers.</p

Disease-free survival in 408 Han Chinese breast cancer patients stratified by the 16-concurrent gene signature (Log-rank test: <i>P</i> <0.001).

<p>X-axis: survival time in years.</p

Apple Polyphenol Phloretin Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth via Inhibition of the Type 2 Glucose Transporter and Activation of p53-Mediated Signaling

Glucose transporters (GLUTs) are required for glucose uptake in malignant cells, and they can be used as molecular targets for cancer therapy. An RT-PCR analysis was performed to investigate the mRNA levels of 14 subtypes of GLUTs in human colorectal cancer (COLO 205 and HT-29) and normal (FHC) cells. RT-PCR (<i>n</i> = 27) was used to assess the differences in paired tissue samples (tumor vs normal) isolated from colorectal cancer patients. GLUT2 was detected in all tested cells. The average GLUT2 mRNA level in 12 of 27 (44.4%) cases was 2.4-fold higher in tumor compared to normal tissues (*, <i>p</i> = 0.027). Higher GLUT2 mRNA expression was preferentially detected in advanced-stage tumors (stage 0 vs 3 = 16.38-fold, 95% CI = 9.22–26.54-fold; *, <i>p</i> = 0.029). The apple polyphenol phloretin (Ph) and siRNA methods were used to inhibit GLUT2 protein expression. Ph (0–100 μM, for 24 h) induced COLO 205 cell growth cycle arrest in a p53-dependent manner, which was confirmed by pretreatment of the cells with a p53-specific dominant negative expression vector. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 6 (HNF6), which was previously reported to be a transcription factor that activates GLUT2 and p53, was also induced by Ph (0–100 μM, for 24 h). The antitumor effect of Ph (25 mg/kg or DMSO twice a week for 6 weeks) was demonstrated in vivo using BALB/c nude mice bearing COLO 205 tumor xenografts. In conclusion, targeting GLUT2 could potentially suppress colorectal tumor cell invasiveness

Clinicopathologic factors according to operative experience.

<p>Clinicopathologic factors according to operative experience.</p

The learning curve of endoscopic total mastectomy.

<p>Both hospitals (a) TMUH and (b) CCH have the similar learning curve.</p

The learning curve of endoscopic partial mastectomy in TMUH.

<p>The learning curve of endoscopic partial mastectomy in TMUH.</p

The relationship between clinical factors and the operative experience.

<p>The relationship between clinical factors and the operative experience.</p