Relationship of both volumetric water content and resistivity with the depth of the loess column under different rainfall.

(a) ρd = 1.42g/cm3, (b) ρd = 1.50g/cm3, (c) ρd = 1.58g/cm3.</p

Variation curves of resistivity with the depth of the loess column under heavy rain.

(a) ρd = 1.42g/cm3, (b) ρd = 1.50g/cm3, (c) ρd = 1.58g/cm3.</p

Variation curves of resistivity with the depth of the loess column under light rain.

(a) ρd = 1.42g/cm3, (b) ρd = 1.50g/cm3, (c) ρd = 1.58g/cm3.</p

Main physical parameters of loess.

Main physical parameters of loess.</p

Variation curves of volumetric water content with the depth of the loess column under heavy rain.

(a) ρd = 1.42g/cm3, (b) ρd = 1.50g/cm3, (c) ρd = 1.58g/cm3.</p

Variation curves of volumetric water content with the depth of the loess column under light rain.

(a) ρd = 1.42g/cm3, (b) ρd = 1.50g/cm3, (c) ρd = 1.58g/cm3.</p

Variation curves of volumetric water content with the depth of the loess column under heavy rain.

(a) ρd = 1.42g/cm3, (b) ρd = 1.50g/cm3, (c) ρd = 1.58g/cm3.</p

Variation curves of resistivity with the depth of the loess column under heavy rain.

(a) ρd = 1.42g/cm3, (b) ρd = 1.50g/cm3, (c) ρd = 1.58g/cm3.</p

Variation curves of resistivity of loess with duration under different dry densities.

(a) ρd = 1.42 g/cm3, (b) ρd = 1.58 g/cm3.</p

Structure diagrams of model test device.

(a) Main view, (b) Vertical view.</p