Prognosis and risk factors of chronic kidney disease progression in patients with diabetic kidney disease and non-diabetic kidney disease: a prospective cohort CKD-ROUTE study

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is emerging rapidly as the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) worldwide. In this 3-year prospective, multicenter cohort study, a total of 1138 pre-dialysis CKD patients were recruited. Patients were categorized into two groups according to the etiologies of DKD and non-diabetic kidney disease (NDKD). Propensity score matching was performed to adjust for confounding factors, resulting in 197 patients being assigned to DKD and NDKD groups, respectively. The primary endpoints were 50% estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline and initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT). The secondary endpoints were all-cause death and the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. We found that DKD patients have a higher risk to develop 50% eGFR decline endpoint (HR:2.30, 95%CI [1.48–3.58], p p vs.13.71% and 35.03% vs. 22.34%, respectively). The Cox regression analyses showed that the increased systolic blood pressure (SBP), DKD, decreased serum albumin (Alb), and higher CKD stages were risk factors for the 50% eGFR decline endpoint; the increased SBP, DKD, decreased serum Alb, serum creatinine (Scr), higher CKD stages, presence of proteinuria and CVD were risk factors for KRT endpoint; the increased age, decreased hemoglobin (Hb), decreased serum Alb were risk factors for all-cause death endpoint; the increased age, decreased serum Alb were risk factors for CVD events endpoint. Appropriate preventive or therapeutic interventions should be taken to control these predictive factors to delay the development of CKD complications, thereby improving the prognosis and reducing the disease burden of the high-risk populations.</p

Mass Transfer of CO₂ in a Carbonated Water–Oil System at High Pressures

In this paper, CO₂ diffusion coefficients in a carbonate water–oil system are determined by measuring the pressure buildup in the closed water–oil system experimentally and modeling the pressure change mathematically. The mathematical method of investigating one-dimensional, time-dependent heat conduction in a composite medium is adopted to solve the mass transfer problem between two liquid phases. The model is combined with well-designed trial-and-error method to determine diffusion coefficients of CO₂ in both water and oil phases at the same time. The model considers a moving interface between carbonated water and oil as well as variations of interface concentrations of CO₂ in these two phases, which more effectively conforms to reality. Results show that the pressure buildup during the diffusion process resulted from the increased density and swelling of the oil phase. The diffusion coefficient of CO₂ in the water phase plays a major role in the interphase mass transfer process

Mathematica codes.nb

The codes can be used to calculate the phase noise coupled by wavefront errors in the interfering beams with two phase definitions(the AP signal and the LPF signal) for the space measurement of gravitational waves and describe the change of the coupling coefficient before and after optimization

Means, standard deviations, and score-range for the dependent variables of Study 1.

Means, standard deviations, and score-range for the dependent variables of Study 1.</p

Evaluation of Gas Adsorption in Nanoporous Shale by Simplified Local Density Model Integrated with Pore Structure and Pore Size Distribution

Simplified local density (SLD) model has been widely used to describe the gas adsorption behaviors in porous media. However, the slit pore geometry and constant pore width associated with the SLD model may fail to represent the heterogeneous pore network structure in shale. In this study, a new method to integrate the SLD model with the slit and cylindrical pore structures as well as the pore size distribution (PSD) is proposed and validated by the grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations and the experimentally measured adsorption of methane on shale with complex pore network. Comparison results show that reasonably good agreement is achieved between the SLD model and GCMC simulations for both the gas adsorption isotherms and discrete-density profiles in multiwalled carbon nanoslit and nanotube. The corresponding average absolute percentage deviations (% AADs) are below 0.3 and 9.3 for gas adsorption isotherm and discrete-density profile, respectively. In addition, the SLD model coupled with the PSD of slit and cylindrical pores ranging from micro- to macropores properly characterizes the measured excess adsorption of methane on Wolfcamp shale core sample with % AADs between 1.7 and 3.6. It is found that when the pore volume is fixed, the gas adsorption isotherm and gas density profile are heavily dependent on the pore geometry and pore size. Furthermore, integrating the PSD into the SLD model can guarantee the valid identification of the adsorbed- and free-gas regions in flow channels with different sizes based on the gas density profiles. The findings of this study shed light on the effects of pore structure on gas adsorption in nanopores and enable us to precisely evaluate and predict the gas adsorption behaviors in slit and cylindrical pores over a wide range of pore sizes

Production of artificial synthetic spidroin gene 4S-transgenic cloned sheep embryos using somatic cell nuclear transfer

Spider silk, which has remarkable characteristics, has wide application prospects in many fields. Many researchers have explored potential methods for directly producing spider silk proteins and spidroins with mechanical properties or obtaining recombinant spider silk fibers by genetic engineering methods. However, there are still some shortcomings with these methods, such as inability to simulate the fibrosis process of spider silk. In this study, a high glycine/tyrosine protein gene (HGT) promoter originate from sheep was first cloned by PCR. The HGT promoter was ligated into pcDNA3.1 and pcDNA3.1-HGT was obtained. After linking with the synthesized and polymerized gene 4S, a eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1-HGT-4S was constructed using a series of molecular methods. Sheep fibroblasts transfected with the linearized plasmid using a liposome-mediated method were screened with G418 and a transgenic cell line was established. Cells from the transgenic line were used as nuclear donors to construct embryos with somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Reconstructed embryos derived from transgenic cells were able to develop in vitro successfully. PCR was carried out and results demonstrated that the synthetic spidroin gene 4S had integrated into the embryo genome. In summary, we explored a method and successfully obtained artificial synthetic spidroin gene transgenic sheep cloned embryos with a hair follicle specific promoter by SCNT. Further research is necessary on transgenic sheep with synthetic spidroin genes expressed in hair follicles.</p

t-values, x²-values, and p-values of the control variables of Study 2.

<p>t-values, x²-values, and p-values of the control variables of Study 2.</p

Table_3_Deciphering the underlying immune network of the potato defense response inhibition by Phytophthora infestans nuclear effector Pi07586 through transcriptome analysis.xls

Phytophthora infestans, a highly destructive plant oomycete pathogen, is responsible for causing late blight in potatoes worldwide. To successfully infect host cells and evade immunity, P. infestans secretes various effectors into host cells and exclusively targets the host nucleus. However, the precise mechanisms by which these effectors manipulate host gene expression and reprogram defenses remain poorly understood. In this study, we focused on a nuclear-targeted effector, Pi07586, which has been implicated in immune suppression. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed Pi07586 was significant up-regulation during the early stages of infection. Agrobacterium-induced transient expression revealed that Pi07586 localized in the nucleus of leaf cells. Overexpression of Pi07586 resulted in increased leaf colonization by P. infestans. RNA-seq analysis revealed that Pi07586 effectively suppressed the expression of PR-1C-like and photosynthetic antenna protein genes. Furthermore, high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis indicated that Pi07586 overexpression led to a substantial decrease in abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), and jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) levels, while not affecting salicylic acid (SA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production. These findings shed new light on the modulation of plant immunity by Pi07586 and enhance our understanding of the intricate relationship between P. infestans and host plants.</p

Table_2_Deciphering the underlying immune network of the potato defense response inhibition by Phytophthora infestans nuclear effector Pi07586 through transcriptome analysis.xlsx

Phytophthora infestans, a highly destructive plant oomycete pathogen, is responsible for causing late blight in potatoes worldwide. To successfully infect host cells and evade immunity, P. infestans secretes various effectors into host cells and exclusively targets the host nucleus. However, the precise mechanisms by which these effectors manipulate host gene expression and reprogram defenses remain poorly understood. In this study, we focused on a nuclear-targeted effector, Pi07586, which has been implicated in immune suppression. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed Pi07586 was significant up-regulation during the early stages of infection. Agrobacterium-induced transient expression revealed that Pi07586 localized in the nucleus of leaf cells. Overexpression of Pi07586 resulted in increased leaf colonization by P. infestans. RNA-seq analysis revealed that Pi07586 effectively suppressed the expression of PR-1C-like and photosynthetic antenna protein genes. Furthermore, high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis indicated that Pi07586 overexpression led to a substantial decrease in abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), and jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) levels, while not affecting salicylic acid (SA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production. These findings shed new light on the modulation of plant immunity by Pi07586 and enhance our understanding of the intricate relationship between P. infestans and host plants.</p

DataSheet_1_Deciphering the underlying immune network of the potato defense response inhibition by Phytophthora infestans nuclear effector Pi07586 through transcriptome analysis.docx

Phytophthora infestans, a highly destructive plant oomycete pathogen, is responsible for causing late blight in potatoes worldwide. To successfully infect host cells and evade immunity, P. infestans secretes various effectors into host cells and exclusively targets the host nucleus. However, the precise mechanisms by which these effectors manipulate host gene expression and reprogram defenses remain poorly understood. In this study, we focused on a nuclear-targeted effector, Pi07586, which has been implicated in immune suppression. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed Pi07586 was significant up-regulation during the early stages of infection. Agrobacterium-induced transient expression revealed that Pi07586 localized in the nucleus of leaf cells. Overexpression of Pi07586 resulted in increased leaf colonization by P. infestans. RNA-seq analysis revealed that Pi07586 effectively suppressed the expression of PR-1C-like and photosynthetic antenna protein genes. Furthermore, high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis indicated that Pi07586 overexpression led to a substantial decrease in abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), and jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) levels, while not affecting salicylic acid (SA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production. These findings shed new light on the modulation of plant immunity by Pi07586 and enhance our understanding of the intricate relationship between P. infestans and host plants.</p