46 research outputs found
Data_Sheet_1_Effect of Limit-Fed Diets With Different Forage to Concentrate Ratios on Fecal Bacterial and Archaeal Community Composition in Holstein Heifers.docx
<p>Limit-feeding of a high concentrate diet has been proposed as an effective method for improving feed efficiency and reducing total manure output of dairy heifers; meanwhile the effects of this method on hindgut microbiota are still unclear. This study investigated the effects of a wide range of dietary forage:concentrate ratios (F:C) on the fecal composition of bacteria and archaea in heifers using next-generation sequencing. Four diets with different F:C (80:20, 60:40, 40:60, and 20:80) were limit-fed to 24 Holstein heifers, and the fecal fermentation parameters and bacterial and archaeal communities were investigated. With increasing dietary concentrate levels, the fecal dry matter output, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content, and proportion of acetate decreased linearly (P < 0.01), while the fecal starch content and proportions of propionate, butyrate, and total branched-chain volatile fatty acids (TBCVFAs) were increased (P ≤ 0.05). An increased concentrate level linearly increased (P = 0.02) the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, and linearly decreased (P = 0.02) the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in feces. At the genus level, the relative abundance of unclassified Ruminococcaceae and Paludibacter which may have the potential to degrade forage decreased linearly (q ≤ 0.02) with increasing dietary concentrate levels, while the relative abundance of Roseburia and Succinivibrio which may be non-fibrous carbohydrate degrading bacteria increased linearly (q ≤ 0.05). Some core microbiota operational taxonomic units (OTUs) also showed significant association with fecal VFAs, NDF, and/or acid detergent fiber (ADF) content. Meanwhile, the relative abundance of most detected taxa in archaea were similar across different F:C, and only Methanosphaera showed a linear decrease (P = 0.01) in high concentrate diets. Our study provides a better understanding of fecal fermentation parameters and microbiota under a wide range of dietary F:C. These findings support the potential for microbial manipulation by diet, which could enhance feed digestibility and relieve environmental problems associated with heifer rearing.</p
Image_1_Analysis of serum antioxidant capacity and gut microbiota in calves at different growth stages in Tibet.pdf
IntroductionThe hypoxic environment at high altitudes poses a major physiological challenge to animals, especially young animals, as it disturbs the redox state and induces intestinal dysbiosis. Information about its effects on Holstein calves is limited.MethodsHere, serum biochemical indices and next-generation sequencing were used to explore serum antioxidant capacity, fecal fermentation performance, and fecal microbiota in Holstein calves aged 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months in Tibet.Results and DiscussionSerum antioxidant capacity changed with age, with the catalase and malondialdehyde levels significantly decreasing (p 0.05) in total volatile fatty acid levels were noted between the groups. In all groups, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were the three most dominant phyla in the gut. Gut microbial alpha diversity significantly increased (p < 0.05) with age. Principal coordinate analysis plot based on Bray–Curtis dissimilarity revealed significant differences (p = 0.001) among the groups. Furthermore, the relative abundance of various genera changed dynamically with age, and the serum antioxidant capacity was associated with certain gut bacteria. The study provides novel insights for feeding Holstein calves in high-altitude regions.</p
Image_2_Analysis of serum antioxidant capacity and gut microbiota in calves at different growth stages in Tibet.png
IntroductionThe hypoxic environment at high altitudes poses a major physiological challenge to animals, especially young animals, as it disturbs the redox state and induces intestinal dysbiosis. Information about its effects on Holstein calves is limited.MethodsHere, serum biochemical indices and next-generation sequencing were used to explore serum antioxidant capacity, fecal fermentation performance, and fecal microbiota in Holstein calves aged 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months in Tibet.Results and DiscussionSerum antioxidant capacity changed with age, with the catalase and malondialdehyde levels significantly decreasing (p 0.05) in total volatile fatty acid levels were noted between the groups. In all groups, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were the three most dominant phyla in the gut. Gut microbial alpha diversity significantly increased (p < 0.05) with age. Principal coordinate analysis plot based on Bray–Curtis dissimilarity revealed significant differences (p = 0.001) among the groups. Furthermore, the relative abundance of various genera changed dynamically with age, and the serum antioxidant capacity was associated with certain gut bacteria. The study provides novel insights for feeding Holstein calves in high-altitude regions.</p
Additional file 1 of Repeated inoculation with rumen fluid accelerates the rumen bacterial transition with no benefit on production performance in postpartum Holstein dairy cows
Additional file 1: Table S1. Diet ingredients and chemical composition of TMR diet
Image_2_Effect of Limit-Fed Diets With Different Forage to Concentrate Ratios on Fecal Bacterial and Archaeal Community Composition in Holstein Heifers.TIF
<p>Limit-feeding of a high concentrate diet has been proposed as an effective method for improving feed efficiency and reducing total manure output of dairy heifers; meanwhile the effects of this method on hindgut microbiota are still unclear. This study investigated the effects of a wide range of dietary forage:concentrate ratios (F:C) on the fecal composition of bacteria and archaea in heifers using next-generation sequencing. Four diets with different F:C (80:20, 60:40, 40:60, and 20:80) were limit-fed to 24 Holstein heifers, and the fecal fermentation parameters and bacterial and archaeal communities were investigated. With increasing dietary concentrate levels, the fecal dry matter output, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content, and proportion of acetate decreased linearly (P < 0.01), while the fecal starch content and proportions of propionate, butyrate, and total branched-chain volatile fatty acids (TBCVFAs) were increased (P ≤ 0.05). An increased concentrate level linearly increased (P = 0.02) the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, and linearly decreased (P = 0.02) the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in feces. At the genus level, the relative abundance of unclassified Ruminococcaceae and Paludibacter which may have the potential to degrade forage decreased linearly (q ≤ 0.02) with increasing dietary concentrate levels, while the relative abundance of Roseburia and Succinivibrio which may be non-fibrous carbohydrate degrading bacteria increased linearly (q ≤ 0.05). Some core microbiota operational taxonomic units (OTUs) also showed significant association with fecal VFAs, NDF, and/or acid detergent fiber (ADF) content. Meanwhile, the relative abundance of most detected taxa in archaea were similar across different F:C, and only Methanosphaera showed a linear decrease (P = 0.01) in high concentrate diets. Our study provides a better understanding of fecal fermentation parameters and microbiota under a wide range of dietary F:C. These findings support the potential for microbial manipulation by diet, which could enhance feed digestibility and relieve environmental problems associated with heifer rearing.</p
KO<sup><i>t</i></sup>Bu-Mediated Coupling of Indoles and [60]Fullerene: Transition‑Metal-Free and General Synthesis of 1,2-(3-Indole)(hydro)[60]fullerenes
Direct
coupling of indoles with C<sub>60</sub> has been achieved
for the first time. Transition-metal-free KO<sup><i>t</i></sup>Bu-mediated reaction of indoles to [60]fullerene has been developed
as a practical and efficient method for the synthesis of various 1,2-(3-indole)(hydro)[60]fullerenes
that are otherwise difficult to direct synthesize in an efficient
and selective manner. This methodology tolerates sensitive functionalities
such as chloro, ester, and nitro on indole and builds molecular complexity
rapidly, with most reactions reaching completion in <1 h. A plausible
reaction mechanism is proposed to explain the high regioselectivity
at the 3-position of the indoles and the formation of 1,2-(3-indole)(hydro)[60]fullerenes
Data_Sheet_2_Effect of Limit-Fed Diets With Different Forage to Concentrate Ratios on Fecal Bacterial and Archaeal Community Composition in Holstein Heifers.xlsx
<p>Limit-feeding of a high concentrate diet has been proposed as an effective method for improving feed efficiency and reducing total manure output of dairy heifers; meanwhile the effects of this method on hindgut microbiota are still unclear. This study investigated the effects of a wide range of dietary forage:concentrate ratios (F:C) on the fecal composition of bacteria and archaea in heifers using next-generation sequencing. Four diets with different F:C (80:20, 60:40, 40:60, and 20:80) were limit-fed to 24 Holstein heifers, and the fecal fermentation parameters and bacterial and archaeal communities were investigated. With increasing dietary concentrate levels, the fecal dry matter output, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content, and proportion of acetate decreased linearly (P < 0.01), while the fecal starch content and proportions of propionate, butyrate, and total branched-chain volatile fatty acids (TBCVFAs) were increased (P ≤ 0.05). An increased concentrate level linearly increased (P = 0.02) the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, and linearly decreased (P = 0.02) the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in feces. At the genus level, the relative abundance of unclassified Ruminococcaceae and Paludibacter which may have the potential to degrade forage decreased linearly (q ≤ 0.02) with increasing dietary concentrate levels, while the relative abundance of Roseburia and Succinivibrio which may be non-fibrous carbohydrate degrading bacteria increased linearly (q ≤ 0.05). Some core microbiota operational taxonomic units (OTUs) also showed significant association with fecal VFAs, NDF, and/or acid detergent fiber (ADF) content. Meanwhile, the relative abundance of most detected taxa in archaea were similar across different F:C, and only Methanosphaera showed a linear decrease (P = 0.01) in high concentrate diets. Our study provides a better understanding of fecal fermentation parameters and microbiota under a wide range of dietary F:C. These findings support the potential for microbial manipulation by diet, which could enhance feed digestibility and relieve environmental problems associated with heifer rearing.</p
Additional file 1: of Effects of a wide range of dietary forage-to-concentrate ratios on nutrient utilization and hepatic transcriptional profiles in limit-fed Holstein heifers
Table S1. Ingredient and chemical composition of experimental diets. 1 OM, organic matter; CP, crude protein; EE, ether extract; NDF, neutral detergent fiber; NFC, nonfiberous carbohydrate; ME, metabolizable energy. 2 Pre-experimental diet. 3 Contained 18.50% Ca; 6.00% P; 4.2% Mg; 1.4% K; 2.6% S; 7.5% Na; 12.0% Cl; 30 mg/kg of Se; 0.25% Zn; 0.25% Fe; 0.25% Mn; 1100 mg/kg Cu; 15 mg/kg I; 265,000 IU/kg vitamin A; 110,200 IU/kg vitamin D; and 2300 IU/kg vitamin E. 4 NFC = 100 − (NDF + CP + ether extract + ash). 5 Estimated as ME = total digestible nutrients × 0.04409 × 0.82, according to NRC (2001). Table S2. PCR primers for qRT-PCR validation of five randomly selected genes. Table S3. Nutrient intake of Holstein dairy heifers fed diets containing differing forage levels. Table S5. Gene Ontology analysis of total differentially expressed genes. Table S6. Differentially expressed genes clustered in Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) profiles 17, 19, and 4. (DOCX 71 kb
Unique OTUs, richness estimates, and diversity indices in ruminal samples from each dietary group.
<p>Unique OTUs, richness estimates, and diversity indices in ruminal samples from each dietary group.</p