Medical waste poisoning in a cat and the success of healing therapy at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Educational Mandalika University

Poisoning in cats is often caused by their behavior, which often investigates what they see and find. This paper reported a case of poisoning in a cat with the results of clinical examination, hematological examination, and therapy in a three-year-old cat with symptoms of weakness, paleness, and vomiting foamy fluid. Hematological examination revealed that the cat had an infection and hyperchromic macrocytic anemia. Therefore, the cat was diagnosed with poisoning. Treatment with anti-dot, ringer lactate supportive, anti-inflammatory, and multivitamins was administered as follow-up treatment until he recovered for a week at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Educational Mandalika University.Keracunan pada kucing seringkali disebabkan oleh perilakunya yang seringkali menyelidiki apa yang dilihat dan ditemukannya. Tulisan ini melaporkan kasus keracunan pada kucing dengan hasil pemeriksaan klinis, pemeriksaan hematologi, dan terapi pada kucing berumur tiga tahun dengan gejala lemas, pucat, dan muntah cairan berbusa. Pemeriksaan hematologi menunjukkan kucing mengalami infeksi dan anemia makrositik hiperkromik. Oleh karena itu, kucing tersebut didiagnosis keracunan. Pengobatan diberikan dengan anti dot, terapi suportif Ringer laktat, anti inflamasi, dan multivitamin sebagai pengobatan lanjutan hingga sembuh selama seminggu di Rumah Sakit Hewan Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Anthrax disease burden: Impact on animal and human health

Anthrax is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis. According to current knowledge, the disease originates in sub-Saharan Africa, especially Egypt and Mesopotamia. Laboratory tests involving direct staining or culture of samples taken from malignant pustules, sputum, blood, or patient discharge must be performed to establish a diagnosis. B. anthracis infection can enter the body through the skin, mouth, or nose. Human infection is usually caused by contact with infected animals or animal products. Anthrax causes a reduction in resource efficiency and decreases livestock productivity. B. anthracis spores are resistant to extreme temperatures, pressure, pH, drying, solvents, and ultraviolet light. The biological weapon of this disease may be fatal if it is designed to spread B. anthracis spores by aerosols. In the past, the treatment of human anthrax with penicillin at a high dose was the preferred method. The public can take several measures to prevent anthrax infection, such as purchasing and consuming meat that has been legally certified to have been slaughtered in a slaughterhouse, consuming healthy and properly cooked animal meat, and washing hands with antiseptic soap after handling, processing, and cooking animal products. This review aimed to describe the etiology, pathogenesis, mechanism of infection, epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical symptoms, transmission, risk factors, public health importance, economic impact, potential as a bio-warfare agent, treatment, and control of anthrax

Effect of probiotics and acidifiers on feed intake, egg mass, production performance, and egg yolk chemical composition in late-laying quails

Background and Aim: Probiotics can be used as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters because antibiotics are prohibited worldwide. This study investigated the potential combination of probiotics and acidifiers to improve feed intake, productive performance, egg mass, and egg yolk chemical composition of late-laying quail for the health of humans who consume quail products. Materials and Methods: One hundred laying quails were divided into 4 × 5 treatments, with each group consisting of five replications. The adaptation period was 2 weeks, and the treatment was continued for 4 weeks. Probiotics and acidifiers were added to drinking water and incorporated into the diet. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Treatment duration (1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 4 weeks) and additional feed treatment (control, probiotic 2% + 0.5% acidifier, probiotic 2% + 1% acidifier, probiotic 4% + 0.5% acidifier, and probiotic 4% + 1% acidifier, respectively). Results: Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in feed intake, quail day production, feed efficiency, egg mass in laying quails, and the chemical composition of egg yolk with probiotics and acidifiers in late-laying quails. Conclusion: The combination of probiotics and acidifiers can improve feed intake, production performance, egg mass, and egg yolk chemical composition in late-laying quails

First detection of bovine tuberculosis by Ziehl–Neelsen staining and polymerase chain reaction at dairy farms in the Lekok Sub-District, Pasuruan Regency, and Surabaya region, Indonesia

Background and Aim: Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is a zoonotic disease of great public health importance, particularly in Indonesia, where control measures are limited or are not implemented. This study aimed to detect the presence of Mycobacterium pathogens in milk samples from dairy cattle in Pasuruan regency and Surabaya City, East Java, using Ziehl–Neelsen acid-fast staining and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Materials and Methods: Milk samples were aseptically collected from 50 cattle in the Lekok Subdistrict, Pasuruan Regency, and 44 from dairy farms in the Lakarsantri Subdistrict, Wonocolo Subdistrict, Mulyorejo Subdistrict, and Kenjeran Subdistrict, Surabaya, East Java. To detect Mycobacteria at the species level, each sample was assessed by Ziehl–Neelsen staining and PCR using the RD1 and RD4 genes. Results: The results of PCR assay from 50 samples in Lekok Subdistrict, Pasuruan Regency showed that 30 samples (60%) were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and two samples (4%) were positive for Mycobacterium bovis, although Ziehl–Neelsen staining did not show the presence of Mycobacterium spp. In the Surabaya region, 31 samples (70.45%) were positive for M. tuberculosis and three samples (6.8%) were positive for M. bovis. Six samples (13.63%) from all PCR-positive samples could be detected microscopically with Ziehl–Neelsen. Conclusion: The presence of bovine TB in this study supports the importance of using a molecular tool alongside routine surveillance for a better understanding of the epidemiology of bovine TB in East Java

DIFFERENTIAL WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNTS OF FEMALE NEW ZEALAND WHITE RABBIT(Oryctolagus cuniculus) INJECTED WITH HEPATITIS B VACCINEFORMULATION BY BOOSTER METHOD

The aim of this research was to determine the white blood profile especially the differential white blood cell counts (total leukocyte, lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes) of female New Zealand White rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) injected with hepatitis B vaccine formulation by booster method. There were 12 rabbits that divided into 4 groups consist of 1 control group, and 3 treatment groups with different dose of vaccine formulation. Before the treatment, the rabbits had been adapted in new environment for 7 days in Experimental Animal Laboratory of Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine Airlangga University, given feed and water ad libitum daily. After adaptation period, all treatment rabbits had the vaccination at day 0. Control group was given PBS 0.4ml injected intramuscular via 4 legs, 0.1ml for each leg and treatment groups were given hepatitis B Vaccine formulation 0.4ml injected intramuscular via 4 legs, 0.1ml for each leg. Then boosters were done at day 30 and 60 with the same vaccine formula and dose with day 0. Post treatment blood sample were collected at day 75, the blood was collected via intracardial and then analyzed by haematology analyzer.The post treatment result lead statistically non significant increase (p>0.05). It means the vaccine did not cause significant change in white blood cell counts and does not cause any illness and harmful effect such as leucocytosis or panleucopenia. Thats why the vaccine is safe to use

Molecular identification of the worm Fasciola sp. on cattle at the Kediri City Slaughterhouse, Indonesia

Fasciolosis is a disease caused by the genus Fasciola which attacks wild animals, livestock and humans. Molecular characterization of Fasciola sp. important for identifying the species Fasciola sp. The aim of this research was to analyze the characteristics of the worm Fasciola sp. molecularly on samples of cattle slaughtered at the Kediri City Slaughterhouse Regional Technical Implementation Unit. This research was carried out from January to February 2023. The samples were adult worms Fasciola sp. taken from one beef cattle and one dairy cattle. The PCR used is conventional PCR with primers from mitochondrial DNA genes. PCR products are passed to the sequencing stage. The PCR test results read on 2% agarose gel electrophoresis showed that the PCR product had high specificity, namely forming a single band at position 752 bp showed positive for F. gigantica. the results of the phylogenetic tree of Fasciola sp. with data in GenBank showing Fasciola sp. beef and dairy cattle isolates in Kediri City are closely related to Fasciola sp. dairy cattle isolate from China with Accession Number KF543343.1 and Fasciola sp. long-haired cattle (yak) isolate from China Accession Number MH621335.1. The existence of international livestock trade can result in the introduction of various diseases, one of which is Fasciolosis. Livestock import-export activities from China allow the introduction of Fasciola sp. to Indonesia

Molecular detection of blaTEM gene for encoding extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) on Escherichia coli isolated from deer feces in Indonesia

Antibiotic resistance is a serious global health threat and broad-spectrum beta-lactamase- producing Enterobactericeae (ESBL) are major contributors. This research focuses on the presence of Eschericia coli as a producer of ESBL in the fresh feces of deer. This study aims to gain deeper insight into ESBL sourced from deer. 129 fresh stool samples were collected. A total of 89 samples came from the East Java region and 40 samples came from the East Nusa Tenggara region. Identification were carried out which was then followed by PCR. We found 9 positive samples of ESBL-producing E. coli containing the blaTEM gene as the ESBL encoding gene. 33 samples (25.28%) were positive for E. coli. 8 isolates (24.24%) were multidrug-resistant, East Java (6 isolates) and East Nusa Tenggara (2 isolates). All isolates of multidrug-resistant E. coli 7 isolates were ESBL positive (87.5%) and also contained the blaTEM gene. The presence of MDR and ESBL-producing E. coli isolates have been confirmed in deer. Deer should be considered as a source of MDR and ESBL transmission for public health. The conclusion of this study is to reveal the presence of ESBL-producing E. coli originating from deer. The importance of this cross-sector collaboration to monitor antimicrobial resistance

Molecular identification of blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli found in milk samples from dairy cattle farms in Tulungagung, Indonesia

Escherichia coli is an opportunistic bacteria that can grow easily, produce toxins, and resist antibiotics. The phenomenon of E. coli developing multidrug resistance is currently the subject of extensive research. The objective of this study was to molecularly identify blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes in multidrug-resistant E. coli found in milk samples from dairy cattle farms in Tulungagung, Indonesia