Some observations about the MOLSCAT

For calculation of cross sections for collisional transitions between rotational levels in a molecule, a computer code, MOLSCAT has been developed by Hutson \& Green (1994). For the transitions between rotational levels in H$_2$CS due to collisions with He atom, we have calculated cross sections under the CS approximation. In the MOLSCAT, there is provision to input more than one values of total energies. Here, for example, we are interested in the cross sections for total energy 11 cm$^{-1}$. The calculations have been done for the single energy 11 cm$^{-1}$ and for eight combinations, having energies (11, 12), (12, 11), (10, 11), (11, 10), (11, 12, 13), (9, 10, 11), (10, 11, 12), (9, 10, 11, 12, 13) cm$^{-1}$. We have found that the cross sections for 11 cm$^{-1}$, in general, differ from one another in all the 9 calculations. The reason for the difference in the results appears that the MOLSCAT uses the intermediate data of calculations for one energy, in the calculations for other energies. Under such circumstances, the possible suggestion can be to run the MOLSCAT for a single energy at a time.Comment: 9 page

Detection techniques of selective forwarding attacks in wireless sensor networks: a survey

The wireless sensor network has become a hot research area due its wide range of application in military and civilian domain, but as it uses wireless media for communication these are easily prone to security attacks. There are number of attacks on wireless sensor networks like black hole attack, sink hole attack, Sybil attack, selective forwarding attacks etc. in this paper we will concentrate on selective forwarding attacks In selective forwarding attacks, malicious nodes behave like normal nodes and selectively drop packets. The selection of dropping nodes may be random. Identifying such attacks is very difficult and sometimes impossible. In this paper we have listed up some detection techniques, which have been proposed by different researcher in recent years, there we also have tabular representation of qualitative analysis of detection techniquesComment: 6 Page

An evaluation tool for design quality: PFI sheltered housing

The complex procurement process entailed by the private finance initiative (PFI) means that clients need new capacities to manage their relationships with bidders and to assess project proposals if the desired level of design quality is to be achieved. To assist local authorities in their client role, a new Architectural Design Quality Evaluation Tool was developed. The aim was to improve the quality of design in residential sheltered housing, procured through the PFI. The tool was developed for and applied to a programme that will see the replacement of a local authority's entire sheltered housing stock. The tool has two functions: (1) to inform the client's assessment process and assist with the selection of the preferred bidding consortium through a series of stages in the PFI process; and (2) to improve the quality of all the submitted designs through an iterative process. Although several existing mechanisms are available for evaluating the performance attributes of buildings, few also tackle the less tangible amenity attributes, which are vital to the feeling of home. The new tool emphasizes the amenity attributes without neglecting performance

Architectural Design Quality in Local Authority Private Finance Initiative Projects

Since the 1990s, when the Private Finance Initiative was developed as the primary method for delivering major public capital projects, there has been concern about the quality of many of the products. Initially, it was the architectural community that raised doubts, but it has subsequently been joined by user groups. As the contractual period is over 30 years, there are issues such as ongoing maintenance, facilities management and operational factors, that need to be balanced with design quality. This paper will report on a research project being carried out with a metropolitan local authority in England, which is replacing its entire sheltered housing stock in one Private Finance Initiative project. The principal aim of the local authority is that it should receive these buildings as assets, rather than liabilities at the end of the 30 year period. The research work to date has been based on two stages of a three stage selection of the preferred bidder from the original six consortia. The aims of this paper are to review the Private Finance Initiative management processes in relation to architectural design quality at each of the selection stages, including the generation and application of the design assessment criteria, and the role of user groups; and evaluate the outcomes against the objectives of maximising design quality within workable financial models. The methodology is that the researcher is based in the local authority project team, and has therefore been able to use participant observation techniques in the management processes, which include competitive dialogue and user consultation. The design assessment criteria were developed from the academic literature and refined at each selection stage. A comparative analysis of the design assessment criteria with intermediate and final designs, will assist in identifying the status of design quality in the selection of the preferred bidder

Methods for the Study of Transverse Momentum Differential Correlations

We introduce and compare three differential correlation functions for the study of transverse momentum correlation in $p+p$ and $A+A$ collisions. These consist of {\it inclusive}, {\it event-wise} and a differential version of the correlation measure $\tilde C$ introduced by Gavin \cite{Gavin} for experimental study of the viscosity per unit entropy of the matter produced in $A+A$ collisions. We study the quantitative difference between the three observables on the basis of PYTHIA simulations of $p+p$ collisions and $A+A$ collisions consisting of an arbitrary superposition of $p+p$ collision events at $\sqrt{s} =$200 GeV. We observe that {\it inclusive} and {\it event-wise} correlation functions are remarkably identical to each other where as the observable $\tilde C$ differs from the two. We study the robustness and efficiency dependencies of these observables based on truncated Taylor expansions in efficiency in $p+p$ collisions and on the basis of Monte Carlo simulation using an adhoc detector efficiency parameterization. We find that all the three observables are essentially independent of detector efficiency. We additionally study the scaling of the correlation measures and find all the observables exhibit an approximate $1/N$ dependence of the number of participants ({\it N}) in $A+A$ collisions. Finally, we study the impact of flow-like anisotropy on the {\it inclusive} correlation function and find flow imparts azimuthal modulations similar to those observed with two-particle densities.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figure