Innovative organic farming in india

In this article general overview of research progress in the field of organic agriculture in India was given. This include revalidation of traditional organic practices, invent/discover and commercial production technology for organic inputs and research on organic systems. Some of the future directions of organic research in Indian was also discussed

A New Monte Carlo Method and Its Implications for Generalized Cluster Algorithms

We describe a novel switching algorithm based on a ``reverse'' Monte Carlo method, in which the potential is stochastically modified before the system configuration is moved. This new algorithm facilitates a generalized formulation of cluster-type Monte Carlo methods, and the generalization makes it possible to derive cluster algorithms for systems with both discrete and continuous degrees of freedom. The roughening transition in the sine-Gordon model has been studied with this method, and high-accuracy simulations for system sizes up to $1024^2$ were carried out to examine the logarithmic divergence of the surface roughness above the transition temperature, revealing clear evidence for universal scaling of the Kosterlitz-Thouless type.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. Phys. Rev. Lett. (in press

The potential of organic farming in drylands of India

Organic agriculture, a holistic system that focuses on improvement of soil health, use of local inputs, and relatively high-intensity use of local labor, is an admirable fit for drylands in many ways, and the drylands offer many benefits that would make it relatively easy to implement

SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION MODEL FOR SMALL FARMER IN RAINFED ARID LAND

A production system model has been developed at model organic farm ,CAZRI,Jodhpur,India with integration of organic system and rainwater harvesting that can be proved viable for providing livelihood security and income insurance to the small farmers in rainfed arid land

Enhancing Livelihood Security in Arid Land through Use of Bio-pesticides in Cumin(Cuminum cyminum L.)

Being very susceptible crop to diseases, organic cultivation of cumin is a challenge. With the use of Neem cake as soil treatment and Aspergillus Versicolor for seed treatment, the disease incidence minimised that resulted in good yield. Both the treatment found economic and helped in livelihood sustainability of the farmers of arid zone

Efficiency of turbidity and BOD removal from secondarily treated sewage by electrochemical treatment

The present investigation observed the effect of operating time, current density, pH and supporting electrolyte on the removal efficiency of Turbidity (TD) and Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of secondarily treated sewage (STS) using electrochemical process. A glass chamber of 2 litre volume was used for the experiment with two electrode plates of aluminum, each having an area of 125 cm2 and 2 cm distance apart from each other. The treatment showed that the removal efficiency of TD and BOD increased to 87.41 and 81.38 % respectively with theincrease of current density (1.82 -7.52 mA/cm2), time (5 - 40 mins.) and different pH (4-8) of the STS. The most effective removal efficiency was observed around the pH 7. Further, 0.5 g/l NaCl as a supporting electrolyte for electrochemical treatment of STS was found to be more efficient for an increase to 95.56 % and 86.99 % for the removal of TD and BOD at 7.52 mA/cm2 current density in 40 mins. respectively. The electrode and energy consumption was found to vary from 2.52 x10-2 to 10.51 x10-2 kg Al/m3 and 2.76 kwh/m3 to 45.12 kWh/m3 depending on the operating conditions.The kinetic study results revealed that reaction rate (k) increased from 0.0174 to 0.03 min-1 for TD and 0.0169 to 0.024 min-1 for BOD with increase in current density from 1.82 to 7.52 mA/cm2

Influence of operating conditions on the electrolytic treatment for the removal of color, TSS, hardness and alkalinity using Al-Al electrode combination

The present investigation observed the effect of current density (CD), operating time (OT), inter electrode distance (IED), electrode area (EA), initial pH and settling time (ST) using Al-Al electrode combination on the removal of color, total suspended solids (TSS), hardness (HR) and alkalinity (ALK) from biologically treated municipal wastewater (BTMW) of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP), Jagjeetpur, Haridwar, India. The maximum removal of color (99.86%), TSS (98.7%), HR (78.9%) and ALK (43.69 %) from BTMW was found with the optimum operating conditions of CD (2.65 A/m2), OT (40 mins.), IED (0.5 cm), EA (160 cm2), initial pH (7.5) and ST (60 min.). However, the maximum removal of ALK was found with the optimum operating conditions of CD (1.68 A/m2), OT (40 mins.), IED (1.0 cm), EA (80 cm2), initial pH (7.5) and ST (90 min.) The electrolytic treatment ( ET) brought down the concentration of HR and ALK to the desirable limit of the BIS standards of drinking water. There was no need of pH adjustment of the BTMW during ET as the optimal removal efficiency was close to the pH of 7.5. Under optimal operating conditions, the operating cost was found to be 1.01 $/m3 in terms of the electrode consumption (23.71x 10-5 kg Al/m3) and energy consumption (101.76 Kwh/m3). The study revealed that BTMW can be effectively treated with the Al-Al electrode combination for color, TSS, HR and ALK removal

Removal of COD and BOD from biologically treated municipal wastewater by electrochemical treatment

The present investigation observed the effect of current density (CD), operating time (OT), inter electrode distance (IED), electrode area (EA), initial pH and settling time (ST) using Fe-Fe electrode combination on the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) from biologically treated municipal wastewater (BTMW) of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP). The maximum removal of COD (92.35%) from BTMW was found with the optimum operating conditions of CD (2.82 A/m2), OT (40 mins.), IED (0.5 cm), EA (160 cm2), initial pH (7.5) and ST (60 min.), while the maximum removal of BOD (84.88%) was found with the ST (30 min.) at the same operating conditions. There was no need of pH adjustment of the BTMW during ET as the optimal removal efficiency was close to the pH of 7.5. Under optimal operating conditions, the operating cost was found to be 54.29 Rs./m3 / 1.08 US$/m3 in terms of the electrode consumption (78.48 x 10-5 kg Al/m3 ) and energy consumption (108.48 Kwh/m3)

A Novel Vision Transformer with Residual in Self-attention for Biomedical Image Classification

Biomedical image classification requires capturing of bio-informatics based on specific feature distribution. In most of such applications, there are mainly challenges due to limited availability of samples for diseased cases and imbalanced nature of dataset. This article presents the novel framework of multi-head self-attention for vision transformer (ViT) which makes capable of capturing the specific image features for classification and analysis. The proposed method uses the concept of residual connection for accumulating the best attention output in each block of multi-head attention. The proposed framework has been evaluated on two small datasets: (i) blood cell classification dataset and (ii) brain tumor detection using brain MRI images. The results show the significant improvement over traditional ViT and other convolution based state-of-the-art classification models

The Effect of Operational Control and Experience on Joint Venture Performance

This study investigates the nature of control rights and experience among oil company competitors as they collaborate to develop mutually owned oil and gas development projects. Using fundamental pinciples derived from Transaction Cost Economics and Property Rights theories in conjunction with archival joint venture data, I attempt to empirically explain Joint Venture performance with respect to operational control. The typical oil-field Joint Venture governance model (the Joint Operating Agreement -- or JOA) is designed to minimize transaction costs and equitably distribute benefits in accordance with Transaction Cost Economics Theory Property Rights Theory, however, may more accurately descirbe JOA partner behavior by accounting for residual rights of control. While residual rights are thought to be a strong predictor of partner investment behavior and thus alliance success, the JOA is unique, in that it establishes an unusual situation whereby residual control rights (derived from operational control) are decoupled from ownership. In other words, within the JOA, equity ownership may not necessarily equate directly to the distribution of control rights. In the case of residual rights decoupling within two party and multiparty competitor partnerships, unique situations exist in which operational control and experience can be isolated from partner ownership and studied. In this paper I present a number of findings highlighting partner control and its impact on Joint Venture success. I discovered that the number of partners within a Joint Venture does not significantly affect project success, suggesting that concentrated operational control negates the impact of multiparty administrative transaction costs. However, contrary to Property Rights Theory, I found that equity ownershp above a controlling interest does not have an effect on project success. In accordance with Transaction Cost Economics, I note that Experience has a significant, beneficial impact on JV success. However, not all experience is equal. Contrary to common practitioner assumptions, I found that a very specific type of experience (i.e. the Non-Operational Experience of the Operator) was most beneficial to the JV. These findings are notable from a scholar\u27s as well as practitioner\u27s perspective. Scholars will discover unique empirical evidence comparing Transaction Cost Economics with Property Rights models in an environment of decoupled operational control. Practitioners will find this research useful to optimize ownership and control within their Joint Venture portfolios and develop strategies to balance operational and non-operational corporate experience. Finally, Governments can use these findsing to guide ownership policy within Natural Resource development projects