HPMC/CMC BASED FAST DISSOLVABLE ORAL FILMS OF AN ANXIOLYTIC: IN VITRO DRUG RELEASE AND TEXTURE ANALYSIS

Film forming capacity of a polymeric combination consisted of HPMC/CMC was investigated for fast dissolvable oral films (FDOFs) of an anxiolytic agent. Other non-film forming components were cross-povidone as disintegrant, and polyethylene glycol 400/ sorbitol in the ratio (1:1) as plasticizer, citric acid as saliva stimulating agent. Buspirone hydrochloride was selected as low dose anxiolytic agent with less than 5% oral bioavailability. Solvent casted films were physically evaluated for thickness, drug content, surface pH, swelling, disintegration and in vitro drug release. Mechanical properties of film viz. % elongation, tensile strength, Young modulus and elongation at break were determined using TXT texture analyzer. Drug loaded film (2.0×2.0 cm2­­ size, average weight 60-70 mg) had average thickness in the range of 100-300 μm. Higher HPMC/CMC ratios resulted in lower folding endurance in films (100 turnings), shorter disintegration time (10 sec) and simulated swelling time of 15sec whereas films produced at lower HPMC/CMC ratios had affected film characteristics conversely. Mechanical properties of film were found to relate the plasticizer ratio. Folding endurance and tensile strength of the films prepared at higher PEG 400/sorbitol ratios, showed comparatively higher values than film prepared at lower ratio. It had also been determined that higher ratios of PEG400/sorbitol were of shorter disintegration time. No drug-exicipient interaction was observed from characterization studies conducted on films using FTIR and DSC methods. Films were stable at 30±0.5 ºC; 60±5% RH.  In vitro drug release showed that BH was released from film within ten minutes.  It can be inferred that polymeric blend HPMC/CMC can be employed as fast dissolving oral film of BH for immediate release

STUDY OF PANEL OF DIAGNOSTIC CARDIAC MARKERS FOR ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Objectives: The aim of this study is to estimate the level of creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), C-reactive protein (CRP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) biomarker in myocardial infarction (MI) (troponin T-positive) and compare with normal healthy individuals (Troponin-T [TnT] negative). Methods: A cross-sectional study on 172 patients involving 100 patients with nondiabetic MI and 72 apparently healthy controls with no history of diabetes and/or MI was done from December 2017 to May 2018. The diagnosis of MI was established with electrocardiogram findings and TnT estimation. Blood samples were gathered and processed for the estimation of CK-MB, LDH, and CRP. Results: The mean age of the cases was 62.15±7.75 years and in the controls was 61.49±8.35 years (p=0.592). The mean value of CK-MB, LDH, and CRP in the TnT positive group was 111.94±29.59 IU/L, 564.43±110.99 IU/L, and 15.69±4.04 mg/L, whereas in the TnT negative group was 16.36±3.77 IU/L, 223.68±36.23 IU/L, and 6.08±2.02 mg/L, respectively (p<0.0001). CK-MB was deranged in 100% of TnT positive group, and in only 2.78% in TnT negative group (p<0.0001). LDH was deranged in 100% TnT positive group, and in 16.67% in TnT negative group (p<0.0001). CRP was deranged in 4% TnT positive group, and in 0% in TnT negative group (p=0.141). Conclusion: This study indicated that CK-MB and LDH are sensitive cardiac markers for the diagnosis of MI

HOMOCYSTEINE: A NEWER AND NOVEL INDEPENDENT RISK FACTOR AND CARDIAC MARKER FOR ACUTE MI

Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate homocysteine levels in myocardial infarction (MI) patients (troponin-T positive) and normal healthy individuals (troponin-T negative) subsequently to make comparisons with other cardiac markers. Methods: A cross-sectional study consisting of 172 subjects involving 100 patients of non-diabetic MI and 72 apparently healthy controls with no history of diabetes and/or MI was done between December 2017 and May 2018. The diagnosis of MI was established with electrocardiogram findings and troponin-T estimation. Blood samples were collected and processed for the estimation of homocysteine, troponin-T, creatine kinase MB fraction (CK-MB), and lactate dehydrogenase. Results: In the present study, a total of 100 troponin-T positive cases and 72 troponin-T negative as controls were studied. The mean age in the cases was 62.15±7.75 years and in the controls was 61.49±8.35 years (p=0.592). The mean value of homocysteine in the troponin-T positive group was 30.56±19.79 μmol/l and in the troponin-T negative group was 10.28±4.03 μmol/l (p<0.0001). Homocysteine was deranged in 98% troponin-T positive group and in only 18.06% in troponin-T negative group. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.0001). No significant correlation was found between homocysteine and CK-MB and LDH in troponin-T positive and negative patients individually. Conclusion: This study indicated that homocysteine is sensitive cardiac markers for the diagnosis of MI but shows no specific correlation with other cardiac markers and thus it should be predicted independently

PATHYA APATHYA: IMPACT AND ROLE IN LIFESTYLE DISORDERS

Ayurveda is an ancient and most trusted Indian system of medicine commonly used by Indians since time immemorial. Lifestyle diseases/ Metabolic diseases are described as diseases related to the way an individual or group of individuals live, also are referred under Non-Communicable Diseases. Over-crowding and rapid unplanned urbanization; globalization of unhealthy lifestyles is responsible for some of the major reasons for a sedentary life leading to these diseases. It includes arteriosclerosis, heart disease, stroke, obesity and type-2 diabetes, diseases related to smoking, alcohol and drug abuse. The contribution of metabolic risk factors such as high blood pressure, blood sugar, cholesterol and that of improper diet and alcohol use resulting in health loss. Therefore, the occurrence of these disorders has doubled in India over the past quarter of a century therefore it is the need of the hour to manage them diligently. Diet plays a key role to nourish life and balanced diet is very important for maintaining good health. In Ayurveda, wholesome diet is described which plays a very important role specifically rather than in modern medicine which emphasizes only on the components in the diet like proteins, carbohydrates, fats etc. Ayurveda additionally deals with various other aspects like combination of food article, their quantity, method of preparation, their emotional effect, nature of consumer including environmental considerations. Pathya and Apathya Ahara (dietary consideration) is a significant component of almost each and every prescription in Ayurveda therapy. Sometimes, Pathya-Apathya (dietary management) is itself an entire treatment

Thermodynamic analysis of solar powered trigeneration arrangement for cooling, power and drinking water generation

Solar-driven trigeneration system is a most sustainable energy production technique. It produces valuable energy in the forms of heating, cooling, and power generation. Therefore, it meets the energy demands of a residential complex or of smallscale industries. This paper presents a solar-driven trigeneration system for power, cooling, and freshwater generation through a unit of humidification dehumidification desalination under various thermodynamic criteria. The trigeneration system consists of a parabolic trough collector, a storage tank, an organic Rankine cycle for power generation, a vapor absorption refrigeration system for producing a cooling effect, and a humidification and dehumidification desalination unit for producing fresh water. The average work output for the R-123 fluid was 2866.6 kJ, whereas for R-134a it was 2883.275 kJ. The present study had an average production of freshwater of about 157 kg per day from the proposed trigeneration system

Recent technologies for transforming textile waste into value-added products:A review

The disposal of textile waste has become a growing issue worldwide. The rising consumption of clothing and textile materials has resulted in high waste generation. This could adversely impact environmental health, including humans, animals and plants. The three textile recycling methods can be divided into mechanical, chemical, and biological processes. There has been a focus on mechanical and chemical processes, pyrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, biological recycling, and microbial engineering in the area of textile waste managment. This review highlight the important parameters that affect the textile recycling performance and are significant for the success of the transformation process. To reach the zero-waste goal, textile recycling and converting this waste into value-added bioproducts are the necessary steps. The present review addresses the current status of textile recycling strategies, and the valorisation processes for converting textile waste materials into value-added products like biofuels, bioplastics, and others sustainable materials.</p