2,597 research outputs found

    History, Status, and Future Challenges of Hydrogen Energy in the Transportation Sector

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    In recent years, extreme weather around the world due to climate change has occurred increasingly frequently, and countries globally have gradually realized the harm caused by global warming. All countries are also making efforts to promote less consumption of fossil fuel energy and the use instead of renewable energy technologies that are environmentally friendly and have lower carbon emissions. The transportation sector, as a main contributor to energy consumption and pollution emissions, is receiving increasing attention. At the same time, new energy vehicles are more energy efficient and environmentally friendly than fuel vehicles, making them more prevalent in the automotive market, which is flourishing. Green hydrogen energy can be used as a renewable, clean, and efficient energy source for new energy vehicles and is also gradually being used in transportation to promote the goal of carbon neutrality. This paper reviews the research on hydrogen energy in the transportation field, summarizes the previous research results, and presents the challenges to the future application of hydrogen energy

    3-Ethyl-4-[(E)-2-methyl­benzyl­idene­amino]-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione

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    Crystals of the title compound, C12H14N4S, were obtained from a condensation reaction of 4-amino-3-ethyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione and 2-methyl­benzaldehyde. In the mol­ecular structure, there is a short N=C double bond [1.255 (2) Å], and the benzene and triazole rings are located on opposite sites of this double bond. The two rings are approximately parallel to each other, the dihedral angle being 1.75 (11)°. A partially overlapped arrangement is observed between the nearly parallel triazole and benzene rings of adjacent mol­ecules; the perpendicular distance of the centroid of the triazole ring from the benzene ring is 3.482 Å, indicating the existence of π–π stacking in the crystal structure

    (E)-2-Acetyl­pyrazine 4-nitro­phenyl­hydrazone

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    In the title compound, C12H11N5O2, the mol­ecule adopts an E configuration, with the benzene and pyrazine rings located on opposite sides of the N=C double bond. The face-to-face separations of 3.413 (14) and 3.430 (8) Å, respectively between parallel benzene rings and between pyrazine rings indicate the existence of π–π stacking between adjacent mol­ecules. The crystal structure also contains N—H⋯N and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding

    3-Chloro-N-(4-hydr­oxy-3-methoxy­benz­yl)-2,2-dimethyl­propanamide

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    In the mol­ecular structure of the title compound, C13H18ClNO3, the amide group is nearly perpendicular to the benzene ring, making a dihedral angle of 85.66 (9)°. The C=O bond distance of 1.242 (3) Å and the C—N bond distance of 1.333 (3) Å suggest electron delocalization in the amide fragment. Inter­molecular O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding helps to stabilize the crystal structure

    Joint Optimization for Pedestrian, Information and Energy Flows in Emergency Response Systems With Energy Harvesting and Energy Sharing

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    The rapid progress in informatisation and electrification in transportation has gradually transferred public transport junctions such as metro stations into the nexus of pedestrian flows, information flows, computation flows and energy flows. These smart environments that are efficient in handling large volume passenger flows in routine circumstances can become even more vulnerable during emergency situations and amplify the losses in lives and property owing to power outage triggered service degradation and destructive crowed behaviours. On the bright side, the increasingly abundant resources contained in smart environments have enlarged the optimisation space of an evacuation process, yet little research has concentrated on the joint optimal resource allocation between transportation infrastructures and pedestrians. Hence, in the paper, we propose a queueing network based resource allocation model to comprehensively optimise various types of resources during emergency evacuations. Experiments are conducted in a simulated metro station environment with realistic settings. The simulation results show that the proposed model can considerably improve the evacuation efficiency as well as the robustness of the emergency response system during emergency situations

    Bis[3-chloro-6-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)picolinato-κ3 O,N,N′]copper(II) tetra­hydrate

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    In the title complex, [Cu(C11H9ClN3O2)2]·4H2O, the CuII atom is in a distorted octa­hedral coordination environment, coordinated by four N atoms and two O atoms from two tridentate 3-chloro-6-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)picolinate ligands. The mol­ecules are linked via inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving water mol­ecules to form extended chains along [010], and there are short Cl⋯Cl contacts [3.153 (4) Å]

    (E)-3-(3-Chloro­phen­yl)-N-(4-hy­droxy-3-meth­oxy­benz­yl)acryl­amide

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    In the title compound, C17H16ClNO3, the 4-hy­droxy-3-meth­oxy­benzyl group is planar [maximum atomic deviation = 0.0138 (16) Å] and is nearly perpendicular to the chloro­benzene ring, making a dihedral angle of 84.67 (4)°. The chloro­benzene and amide groups are located on the opposite sides of the C=C bond, showing an E configuration. The relatively long C=O bond distance of 1.2364 (19) Å and the short C—N bond distance of 1.341 (2) Å suggest electron delocalization in the amide fragment. Inter­molecular O—H⋯O, N—H⋯O and weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding is present in the crystal structure
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