Dry matters (<i>n</i> = 9) of <i>Cnidium officinale</i>, <i>Rehmannia glutinosa</i>, and <i>Paeonia lactiflora</i> from 10 mL extracts using acetonitrile (ACN), ACN/ethyl acetate (EA) (7:3, v/v), ACN/EA (3:7, v/v), and EA as extraction solvents.

Dry matters (n = 9) of Cnidium officinale, Rehmannia glutinosa, and Paeonia lactiflora from 10 mL extracts using acetonitrile (ACN), ACN/ethyl acetate (EA) (7:3, v/v), ACN/EA (3:7, v/v), and EA as extraction solvents.</p

Determination of pesticide multiresidues in <i>Cnidium officinale</i>, <i>Rehmannia glutinosa</i>, and <i>Paeonia lactiflora</i> which are origin from the Republic of Korea.

Determination of pesticide multiresidues in Cnidium officinale, Rehmannia glutinosa, and Paeonia lactiflora which are origin from the Republic of Korea.</p

Fig 2 -

Recoveries of representative pesticides showing a large recovery difference greater than 25% depending on extraction solvents which are acetonitrile (ACN), ACN/ethyl acetate (EA) (7:3, v/v), ACN/EA (3:7, v/v), and EA in C. officinale (a), R. glutinosa (b), and P. lactiflora (c). The error bars are the standard deviations of the recoveries (n = 3). The dotted lines mean the recovery of 70%.</p

The means of relative standard deviations (RSDs) for recoveries of 296 pesticides in <i>C</i>. <i>officinale</i>, <i>R</i>. <i>glutinosa</i>, and <i>P</i>. <i>lactiflora</i> under the extraction conditions of ACN, ACN/EA (7:3, v/v), ACN/EA (3:7), and EA.

In cases where pesticides were not detected in certain methods and no RSD data was available, they were excluded from the statistics. (PDF)</p

Total ion chromatograms (TICs) through full scan analysis (m/z range 50–500).

Control (pesticide-free) samples of (a) C. officinale, (b) R. glutinosa, and (c) P. lactiflora were analyzed after preparation using the established method. (PDF)</p

Quantitation results of pesticide multiresidues in <i>C</i>. <i>officinale</i>, <i>R</i>. <i>glutinosa</i>, and <i>P</i>. <i>lactiflora</i> obtained from commercial markets.

Quantitation results of pesticide multiresidues in C. officinale, R. glutinosa, and P. lactiflora obtained from commercial markets.</p

The average relative intensity (area) of target pesticides grouped by the four retention time (t_R) segments (8–14, 14–16.2, 16.2–18, and 18–25 min).

The average relative intensity in unpulsed injection was set to 100%. (PDF)</p

Fig 3 -

Distributions of matrix effects (% ME) for 296 target pesticides in C. officinale, R. glutinosa, and P. lactiflora (a)–(c), and distributions of recoveries for the same pesticides (d)–(f) under the various cleanup methods; C18 (25 mg C18 and 150 mg MgSO4), Alumina (25 mg alumina and 150 mg MgSO4), and HLB (Oasis PRiME HLB plus light).</p

Summary of limit of quantitation (LOQ) and linearity of calibration (<i>r</i>^<i>2</i>) of the established analytical method for the 296 target pesticides in <i>Cnidium officinale</i>, <i>Rehmannia glutinosa</i>, and <i>Paeonia lactiflora</i>.

Summary of limit of quantitation (LOQ) and linearity of calibration (r2) of the established analytical method for the 296 target pesticides in Cnidium officinale, Rehmannia glutinosa, and Paeonia lactiflora.</p

Summary of recovery results at 0.01 and 0.05 mg/kg of the established analytical method for the 296 target pesticides in <i>Cnidium officinale</i>, <i>Rehmannia glutinosa</i>, and <i>Paeonia lactiflora</i>.

Summary of recovery results at 0.01 and 0.05 mg/kg of the established analytical method for the 296 target pesticides in Cnidium officinale, Rehmannia glutinosa, and Paeonia lactiflora.</p