MEI Kodierung der frühesten Notation in linienlosen Neumen

Das Optical Neume Recognition Project (ONRP) hat die digitale Kodierung von musikalischen Notationszeichen aus dem Jahr um 1000 zum Ziel – ein ambitioniertes Vorhaben, das die Projektmitglieder veranlasste, verschiedenste methodische Ansätze zu evaluieren. Die Optical Music Recognition-Software soll eine linienlose Notation aus einem der ältesten erhaltenen Quellen mit Notationszeichen, dem Antiphonar Hartker aus der Benediktinerabtei St. Gallen (Schweiz), welches heute in zwei Bänden in der Stiftsbibliothek in St. Gallen aufbewahrt wird, erfassen. Aufgrund der handgeschriebenen, linienlosen Notation stellt dieser Gregorianische Gesang den Forscher vor viele Herausforderungen. Das Werk umfasst über 300 verschiedene Neumenzeichen und ihre Notation, die mit Hilfe der Music Encoding Initiative (MEI) erfasst und beschrieben werden sollen. Der folgende Artikel beschreibt den Prozess der Adaptierung, um die MEI auf die Notation von Neumen ohne Notenlinien anzuwenden. Beschrieben werden Eigenschaften der Neumennotation, um zu verdeutlichen, wo die Herausforderungen dieser Arbeit liegen sowie die Funktionsweise des Classifiers, einer Art digitalen Neumenwörterbuchs

Impact of Polymer Flocculants on Treated Water Quality in Surface Water Treatment by Coagulation-Microfiltration

<div><p>The effects of polymer flocculants on coagulation/flocculation-microfiltration of two surface waters were investigated in terms of turbidity, dissolved organic matter concentration and molecular characteristics. The results showed that all polymers studied improved the dissolved organic carbon removal by polyaluminum chloride coagulation, but only cationic polymers improved <b>UV</b>_<b>254</b> removal. High performance size exclusion chromatography analyses showed that cationic polymers slightly increased removal of small UV absorbing matters in the molecular weight range of 1100 to 4000 Da compared to 4000–9000 Da by polyaluminum chloride only. These impacts have significant implications in the membrane fouling potential and permeate water quality of the pretreated water.</p> </div

Up-Regulated MicroRNA499a by Hepatitis B Virus Induced Hepatocellular Carcinogenesis via Targeting MAPK6

<div><p>Emerging evidence showed miR499a could not only function as an oncogene but also as a tumor suppressor in various types of cancer, such as melanoma. However, whether miR499a was involved in hepatocarcinogenesis remains unknown. We previously reported that miR499a was up-regulated in HBV-mediated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we found that HBV could induce the expression of miR499a by promoting its promoter activity. In addition, we reported that miR499a increased cell proliferation and cell migration of HCC cells. MAPK6 was further identified as a target of miR499a, which could also be down-regulated by HBV. Moreover, we demonstrated that MAPK6 could rescue the cell growth induced by miR499a and HBV. These findings indicated that miR499a might play an oncogene role by targeting MAPK6 in the development and progression of HBV-related HCC.</p></div

A brief summary of criteria for non-Darcy flow in porous media.

<p>In this table, <i>a_vd</i> is the dynamic specific surface area, m⁻¹; <i>d_t</i> is the throat diameter, m; <i>r</i> is the radius of pore throat, m; <i>T</i> is the hydraulic tortuosity, dimensionless; <i>u</i> is the fluid intrinsic velocity, m/s; <i>Ф</i> is the porosity, dimensionless.</p

Empirical models for non-Darcy coefficient estimation.

<p>In formulas cited above, <i>k</i> appears in 10⁻³μm².</p

HBV up-regulated miR499a by increasing its promoter activity.

<p>(A) The relative expressions of miR499a in HepG2.2.15 and HepG2 cell lines were detected by qRT-PCR. (B) The expressions of miR499a in HepG2 cells infected with HBV adenovirus or GFP adenovirus were examined by qRT-PCR. (C) The expressions of miR499a in SMMC-7721 cells transfected with four major HBV protein vector were measured by qRT-PCR. And the results of RT-PCR showed that HBs, HBx, HBc and HBp could be expressed. (D) Luciferase reporter gene assay showed HBV, HBs and HBx could increase the activity of the miR499a promoter. miRNA abundance was normalized to U6 RNA. Empty pCMV-sport6 plasmid was used as a negative control. Statistically significant differences, arbitrarily set to 1.0, are indicated: *<i>p</i><0.05, **<i>p</i><0.01, Student's <i>t</i> test.</p

MiR499a accelerated growth of HCC cells.

<p>(A and B) Cell proliferation was measured by MTS and colony formation assay after SMMC-7721 cells transfected by pTarger or pTarget-miR499a. (C and D) MTS assay and colony formation assay were used to measure cell proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells transfected with miR499a inhibitor or its negative control. (E) The expressions of miR499a in stable cell line s-pTarget and s-pmiR499a were measured by qRT-PCR (*<i>p</i><0.05, **<i>p</i><0.01). (F) Stable cell line s-pTarget and s-pmiR499a were injected subcutaneously into nude mice. After implantation 2 weeks, s-pmiR499a cells produced larger tumors than s-pTarget cells. (G)Subcutaneous tumors formed and the growth curve of tumor volumes was shown.</p

MiR499a promoted migration of hepatoma cells.

<p>(A) Wound healing assay was performed on SMMC-7721 cells transfected with pTarget or pTarget-miR499a (1×10⁶ per well, 6-well plates) with serum starvation. Red arrows noted the wound edge. (B) Representative images of transwell migration of SMMC-7721 cells transfected by pTarget-miR499a (left, magnification ×200). The mean number of migrated cells in three randomly selected fields were counted under the microscope were shown in bar graph (right). (C) The effects of down-regulated miR499a by transfected miR499a inhibitor were represented by transwell assay.</p

Pressure transient response without (A) and with (B) storage effect.

<p>Pressure transient response without (A) and with (B) storage effect.</p

Diagram showing segments with cumulative flux distribution in the preferential flow path.

<p>Diagram showing segments with cumulative flux distribution in the preferential flow path.</p