Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

ATLAS Run 1 searches for direct pair production of third-generation squarks at the Large Hadron Collider

This paper reviews and extends searches for the direct pair production of the scalar supersymmetric partners of the top and bottom quarks in proton-proton collisions collected by the ATLAS collaboration during the LHC Run 1. Most of the analyses use 20 fb$^{-1}$ of collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV, although in some case an additional 4.7 fb$^{-1}$ of collision data at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV are used. New analyses are introduced to improve the sensitivity to specific regions of the model parameter space. Since no evidence of third-generation squarks is found, exclusion limits are derived by combining several analyses and are presented in both a simplified model framework, assuming simple decay chains, as well as within the context of more elaborate phenomenological supersymmetric models

Measurement of the Brout-Englert-Higgs boson couplings in its diphoton decay channel with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

After the Higgs boson discovery in the first LHC data, the focus is now on its properties measurement. Among these properties, its couplings are of particular importance since any deviation from the expected value can be an indication of new physics, beyond the \ms. This thesis is oriented towards the Higgs couplings measurements with the ATLAS experiment, using the diphoton decay channel. Selected diphoton events are classified into different categories to disentangle the five Higgs production modes by tagging the objects produced in association with the Higgs boson: two jets for the $VBF$ production mode, lepton and missing transverse energy for the higgsstrahlung ($WH$ and $ZH$), $b$-jets for $ttH$, the remaining events being mostly produced via the dominant production mode $ggH$. The impact of the Higgs $p_T$ modelling in the $ggH$ production mode is also investigated. Theoretical developments provide predictions of the $p_T$ shape at NNLO+NNLL accuracy, including top and bottom mass effects in the loop up to NLO+NLL, implemented in the \hres program. A reweighting technique to take into account these latest theoretical improvements is derived, taking into consideration the correlation with the number of jets. Its impact on the final measurement is estimated to be of the order of a few percent. The final couplings results based on $4.5$ fb$^{-1}$ at $7$ TeV and $20.3$ fb$^{-1}$ at $8$ TeV do not show any significant deviations from the \ms. The couplings, measured at Higgs mass measured by the combination of the \hgg and \hql channels in ATLAS ($m_H = 125.4 \pm 0.4$~GeV) do not show any statistically significant deviation from the \ms: The observed signal strength $\mu = \frac{\sigma^{obs}}{\sigma^{exp}}$ is found to be: $$\mu = 1.17^{+0.27}_{-0.27} = 1.15^{+0.23}_{-0.23} \text{ (stat.)}~ ^{+0.10}_{-0.08} \text{ (syst.)} ~^{+0.12}_{-0.08} \text{ (theory)}$$ The ratio of the observed number of events in each production mode to the expected ones are measured at: \[ \mbox{ \displaystyle \begin{split} \mu_{ggH} &= 1.32 \ \pm 0.32 \ \mathrm{(stat.)} \ ^{+0.13}_{-0.09} \ \mathrm{(syst.)} \ ^{+0.19}_{-0.11} \ \mathrm{(theory)}\\ \mu_{VBF} &= 0.8 \ \pm 0.7 \ \mathrm{(stat.)} \ ^{+0.2}_{-0.1} \ \mathrm{(syst.)} \ ^{+0.2}_{-0.3} \ \mathrm{(theory)}\\ \mu_{WH} &= 1.0 \pm 1.5 \ \mathrm{(stat.)} \ ^{+0.3}_{-0.1} \ \mathrm{(syst.)} \ ^{+0.2}_{-0.1} \ \mathrm{(theory)} \\ \mu_{ZH} &= 0.1 \ ^{+3.6}_{-0.1} \ \mathrm{(stat.)} \ ^{+0.7}_{-0.0} \ \mathrm{(syst.)} \ ^{+0.1}_{-0.0} \ \mathrm{(theory)}\\ \mu_{ttH} &= 1.6 \ ^{+2.6}_{-1.8} \ \mathrm{(stat.)} \ ^{+0.6}_{-0.4} \ \mathrm{(syst.)} \ ^{+0.5}_{-0.2} \ \mathrm{(theory)} \end{split} } \

Mesure des couplages du boson de Brout-Englert-Higgs se désintégrant en deux photons par l'expérience ATLAS au LHC

After the Higgs boson discovery in the first LHC data, the focus is now on its properties measurement. Among these properties, its couplings are of particular importance since any deviation from the expected value can be an indication of new physics, beyond the Standard Model. This thesis is oriented towards the Higgs couplings measurements with the ATLAS experiment, using the diphoton decay channel. Selected diphoton events are classified into different categories to disentangle the five Higgs production modes by tagging the objects produced in association with the Higgs boson: two jets for the VBF production mode, lepton and missing transverse energy for the higgsstrahlung (WH and ZH), b-jets for ttH, the remaining events being mostly produced via the dominant production mode ggH. The impact of the Higgs pT modelling in the ggH production mode is also investigated. Theoretical developments provide predictions of the pT shape at NNLO+NNLL accuracy, including top and bottom mass effects in the loop up to NLO+NLL, implemented in the HRes program. A reweighting technique to take into account these latest theoretical improvements is derived, taking into consideration the correlation with the number of jets. Its impact on the final measurement is estimated to be of the order of a few percent. The final couplings results, measured at the Higgs mass obtained by the combination of the H->gamma gamma and H->ZZ*->4l channels in ATLAS (mH = 125.4 +/- 0.4 GeV) do not show any statistically significant deviation from the Standard Model. The observed signal strength mu = sigma^{obs} / sigma^{exp} is found to be: mu = 1.17^{+0.28}_{-0.25} = 1.17 +/- 0.23(stat) ^{+0.10}_{-0.08}(syst) ^{+0.12}_{-0.08}(theory). The ratio of the observed number of events in each production mode to the expected ones are measured at: mu_ggH = 1.32 +/- 0.32(stat.) ^{+0.13}_{-0.09}(syst.) ^{+0.19}_{-0.11}(theory) ; mu_VBF = 0.8 +/- 0.7(stat.) ^{+0.2}_{-0.1}(syst.) ^{+0.2}_{-0.3}(theory) ; mu_WH = 1.0 +/- 1.5(stat.) ^{+0.3}_{-0.1}(syst.) ^{+0.2}_{-0.1}(theory) ; mu_ZH = 0.1 ^{+3.6}_{-0.1}(stat.) ^{+0.7}_{-0.0}(syst.) ^{+0.1}_{-0.0}(theory) ; mu_ttH = 1.6 ^{+2.6}_{-1.8}(stat.) ^{+0.6}_{-0.4}(syst.} ^{+0.5}_{-0.2}(theory)Après la découverte du boson de Higgs par les expériences ATLAS et CMS au LHC, annoncée le 4 juillet 2012 au CERN, l'heure est maintenant à la mesure des propriétés de cette nouvelle particule pour vérifier sa compatibilité avec le boson scalaire prédit par le Modèle Standard. Son couplage aux autres particules est une mesure importante car toute déviation par rapport à la valeur prédite par la théorie peut être le signe d'une nouvelle physique, au-delà du Modèle Standard. Cette thèse présente la mesure des couplages du boson de Higgs dans son mode de désintégration en deux photons, utilisant l'ensemble des données collectées en 2011 (4.5 fb^{-1} à 7 TeV) et 2012 (20.3 fb^{-1} à 8 TeV) par le détecteur ATLAS. Les événements sont classifiés en fonction des objets produits en association avec le Higgs : deux jets pour la production VBF, lepton et énergie transverse manquante pour le higgsstrahlung (WH et ZH) et jets de b pour le ttH, les événements restants étant produits majoritairement par le processus de production dominant ggH. L'impact de la modélisation du moment transverse du Higgs, dans son mode de production par fusion de gluons, est aussi estimé. Les derniers développements théoriques dans ce domaine permettent d'atteindre une précision à l'ordre NNLO+NNLL (QCD), avec la prise en compte de l'effet des masses finies des quarks top et bottom dans la boucle jusqu'à l'ordre NLO+NLL, implémentée dans le programme HRes. Une méthode de pondération est dérivée pour prendre en compte ces dernières avancées, en prenant en compte la corrélation avec le nombre de jets. Les résultats finaux sont en bon accord avec les prédictions du Modèle Standard, en prenant en compte les barres d'erreur. A la masse mesurée par la combinaison des canaux diphoton et quatre leptons dans ATLAS, mH = 125.4 +/- 0.4 GeV, la section efficace totale ramenée à celle attendue par le Modèle Standard est : mu = 1.17^{+0.28}_{-0.25} = 1.17 +/- 0.23(stat) ^{+0.10}_{-0.08}(syst) ^{+0.12}_{-0.08}(théorie) et le rapport du nombre d'événements mesurés pour chaque mode de production à celui prédit par le Modèle Standard est : mu_ggH = 1.32 +/- 0.32(stat.) ^{+0.13}_{-0.09}(syst.) ^{+0.19}_{-0.11}(théorie) ; mu_VBF = 0.8 +/- 0.7(stat.) ^{+0.2}_{-0.1}(syst.) ^{+0.2}_{-0.3}(théorie) ; mu_WH = 1.0 +/- 1.5(stat.) ^{+0.3}_{-0.1}(syst.) ^{+0.2}_{-0.1}(théorie) ; mu_ZH = 0.1 ^{+3.6}_{-0.1}(stat.) ^{+0.7}_{-0.0}(syst.) ^{+0.1}_{-0.0}(théorie) ; mu_ttH = 1.6 ^{+2.6}_{-1.8}(stat.) ^{+0.6}_{-0.4}(syst.} ^{+0.5}_{-0.2}(théorie

Search for Scalar Diphoton Resonances in the Mass Range 65−60065-600 GeV with the ATLAS Detector in pppp Collision Data at s\sqrt{s} = 8 TeVTeV

A search for scalar particles decaying via narrow resonances into two photons in the mass range 65–600 GeV is performed using $20.3\text{}\text{}{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$ of $\sqrt{s}=8\text{}\text{}\mathrm{TeV}$ $pp$ collision data collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The recently discovered Higgs boson is treated as a background. No significant evidence for an additional signal is observed. The results are presented as limits at the 95% confidence level on the production cross section of a scalar boson times branching ratio into two photons, in a fiducial volume where the reconstruction efficiency is approximately independent of the event topology. The upper limits set extend over a considerably wider mass range than previous searches