AHC interview with Susan Eckersley.

November 30, 20170:00:17-0:01:05, 0:04:38-0:04:44 Growing up in Vienna0:01:12-0:02:30, 0:04:06-0:04:34, 0:11:05-0:11:20 Parental home0:02:35-0:04:05 Family members0:04:51-0:06:2, 1:15:32-1:16:50 Religion0:06:26-0:06:57 School in Vienna0:07:06-0:07:26 Friends in Vienna0:07:31-0:08:10, 0:23:42-0:24:25 Brother Norwen Knecht0:08:11-0:10:20 Childhood memories0:10:22-0:11:03 Maccabi gymnastics group0:11:38-0:12:42 Impact of the “Anschluss”0:12:48-0:13:41 Anti-Semitic encounters0:13:27-0:15:54, 0:17:29-0:18:29 Recollections of the “Anschluss”0:16:01-0:16:49, 0:20:45-0:22:40 Parents trying to obtain papers0:16:51-0:17:28 Brother’s emigration route0:18:31-0:19:25 Recollections of “Kristallnacht”0:19:33-0:20:41 Apartment in Vienna0:22:47-0:23:02, 0:24:29-0:27:21, 0:29:09-0:30:10 Kindertransport to England0:23:06-0:23:40 Add in the Manchester Guardian0:27:21-0:29:04 Correspondence with parents through the Red Cross0:30:15-0:32:11 Arriving in England0:32:15-0:33:35, 0:49:50-0:50:45 Family in England0:33:38-0:36:07; 0:43:03-0:43:55 School in England0:36:10-0:38:47 Parents’ last letter0:38:52-0:43:00; 1:08:25-1:10:31 Relation to Mrs. Harvey0:44:20-0:45:20 Staying in contact with brother0:47:12-0:48:25 Going to Quaker meetings and observing Jewish holidays0:51:35-0:59:15 Midwifery program and arrival in the US1:00:55-1:08:25; 1:11:35-1:12:10 Going back to Austria1:13:40-1:14:35 Austria’s dealing with its NS-past1:17:25-1:18:15 How war has shaped identity1:20:08-1:25:16 Thoughts on Holocaust educationSusan (Susi) Eckersley née Knecht was born on May 5, 1928 in Vienna, Austria. She grew up with her parents Antoinette née Rittel and Adolf Knecht, her older brother and a maid in an apartment in Pramergasse 12 in Vienna’s ninth district. She attended elementary school in D'Orsaygasse and one year of high school (Gymnasium) in Börsegasse. Her parents placed an ad in the Manchester Guardian for someone to take her in. Out of several responses a Quaker family, the Harveys, was chosen. Susan left Vienna on June 11, 1939 and came to England on a Kindertransport. She stayed with her new family in North Yorkshire and went to Harrogate Grammar School. She exchanged letters with her parents through Red Cross until the beginning of 1942, when she got notified that her parents had been deported to the Izbica ghetto. Susan went to nursing school in London, worked at Kendall Hospital and obtained her full midwifery certification. In 1954 she arrived in Philadelphia, PA and worked at Pennsylvania Hospital through an exchange program of the International Council of Nurses. She then had a permanent job as a nurse in Philadelphia. She went to university and completed her degree in New Mexico. In 1961 Susan moved to Washington State.Austrian Heritage Collectio

AHC interview with Ernest Max.

0:00:16-0:01:26 Recollections of Vienna0:01:27-0:03:36 Emigration route0:03:37-0:05:13 Life in Bolivia, Chile and the US0:05:21-0:08:36 Family members in Vienna0:08:44-0:09:39, 0:34:57-0:35:38 Jewish Welcome Service0:09:44-0:10:32 Religious life0:12:34-0:14:28, 0:19:32-0:21:22 Parents’ business in Bolivia0:14:29-0:15:42 Jewish community in La Paz0:15:48-0:16:32 Obtaining immigration papers in Prague0:16:35-0:17:59 Anti-Semitism0:22:19-0:24:26 Visiting relatives0:26:57-0:28:01 Moving to Texas0:29:45-0:32:18, 0:32:18-0:34:56 Visiting Vienna and Berlin0:38:32-0:41:35 Austrian community in La Paz0:42:57-0:43:40 Final messageApril 17, 2018Ernest Max was born on March 30, 1936 in Vienna, Austria. He lived in an apartment with his parents (Rosa Kohn and Friedrich Max) in Favoritenstrasse 130 in Vienna’s 10th district. Due to the “Anschluss”, the family went to Prague, Czechoslovakia in March 1938. After having received visas for Bolivia, they traveled to Antwerp in 1939. There they boarded the ship Copiapo which brought them to Arica, Chile. They settled in La Paz, Bolivia, where Ernest attended elementary and high school, while his parents excelled in the manufacturing of confectionary. He went to Chile in 1953 to study medicine and worked as a surgeon until he moved to the US in 1971. He completed his residency for one year in Baltimore followed by two years in Pittsburgh. In 1974 he moved to Houston, Texas, where he worked until 2015.Austrian Heritage Collectio

AHC interview with Heinz Reischer.

May 2, 20180:00:20-0:07:48 Overview of life in Vienna and Brussels0:07:51-0:10:46, 1:13:18-1:14:29, 0:19:53-0:22:42 Religious life0:10:50-0:16:10 Memories of his parents and his brother0:16:15-0:19:47 Canadian war orphans project0:23:44-0:32:56 Deportation of parents0:33:00-0:36:08 Wearing a yellow badge in Brussels0:37:12-0:41:04, 1:24:49-1:28:33 Orphanages in Brussels0:48:53-1:05:10 Route from Brussels to Montreal1:05:14-1:09:18 Life in Montreal1:11:20-1:13:17 Recollections of his neighborhood in Vienna1:14:40-1:16:54 Recollections of “Anschluss” and “Kristallnacht”1:28:38-1:31:35 Memories of the end of the war1:31:36-1:33:53 Anti-Semitism1:33:58-1:39:22 Thoughts on Israel1:41:20-1:46:55 Austria’s dealing with its NS-past1:53:08-1:54:19 Final messageHeinz Reischer was born on August 19, 1930 in Vienna, Austria. He grew up with his older brother Erich and their parents Milan Reischer and Margarete née Ehrenreich in an apartment in Franz-Hochedlinger-Gasse 26, in Vienna’s second district. Heinz attended school in Vienna until he escaped to Brussels in 1938. There he went to school and lived with his family until 1942, when his parents got deported. From then on Heinz lived in orphanage. At the end of 1947 the Canadian Jewish Congress sponsored a rescue mission for orphans, and Heinz emigrated to Canada: he boarded the “Aquitania” in Southampton, England to Toronto, Ontario. Heinz moved to Montreal and started working in sales.Austrian Heritage Collectio

AHC interview with Kitty Glantz.

0:00:18-00:05:52 Growing up in New York0:05:52-0:06:48, 0:19:48-0:22:12 Religious life0:06:49-0:10:32 Private life0:10:33-0:12:02, 0:30:07-0:36:25 School and work in New York0:13:25-0:14:40 Leaving Vienna0:14:40-0:16:51, 0:22:15-0:25:16 Maternal grandparents Eugenie Toch Pulgram and Karl Gerson Pulgram0:16:54-0:17:51 Family members in Vienna0:17:58-0:19:46 Parental occupation0:25:54-0:27:45 Emigration route0:27:46-0:29:15 Father in Kitchener Camp0:39:23-0:40:13 Recollections of the end of war0:43:45-0:46:50 Thoughts on Zionism and Israel0:50:30-0:54:25 Thoughts on Austria’s dealing with its NS-past0:54:26-0:57:04 Political situation in the United States today0:58:50-1:00:07 Final messageMarch 15, 2018Kitty Glantz, née Falbel was born on April 13, 1937 in Vienna, Austria. She left Vienna with her mother in the summer of 1939. They went to Southampton, England by train to see Kitty’s father, who was interned at Kitchener Camp. Kitty and her mother then boarded the ship Franconia, which brought them to New York on September 1, 1939. They first lived in Brooklyn with Kitty’s aunt, Anna Brenner, who had been able to secure visas for both of them. Kitty’s father was able to come to New York too, and the family moved to an apartment in East New York. Kitty graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School in 1954 and started to work afterwards. In 1982 she graduated from New York University in Art History and became a lecturer at the Museum of Modern Art.Austrian Heritage Collectio

AHC interview with Charlotte Brown.

November 24, 20170:00:15-0:02:50 Overview of the life story0:03:30-0:04:02 Family members0:04:05-0:04:31 Jewish school in Lackenbach0:04:35-0:06:08 Parental home0:06:15-0:07:06 Religion0:07:39-0:08:03, 0:44:50-0:45:10 Moving to Vienna0:08:32-0:11:23, 0:31:54-0:33:30 Kindertransport to England0:11:24-0:12:08 Family members getting arrested0:14:59-0:16:04, 0:35:35-0:37:55 Life in England and work at an ammunition factory0:16:05-0:17:25, 0:33:35-0:34:14 Coming to New York0:18:45-0:20:09 Family life in New York0:20:25-0:23:37; 0:38:50-0:39:14 Relations to Austria0:25:03-0:26:47 Attitudes towards Holocaust memorials and Holocaust education0:27:25-0:28:31 Siblings Godfried and Hella Geller0:29:40-0:30:25 Jewish community and synagogue in Lackenbach0:30:46-0:31:54 Feeling threatened in ViennaCharlotte Brown née Geller was born on April 2, 1924 in Lackenbach, Austria. She grew up with her parents (David Geller and Elsa, née Clederer Geller), grandparents and younger sister and brother in a house in Lackenbach. Charlotte attended a Jewish school in Lackenbach until 1938 when she had to move to Vienna with her whole family due to the "Anschluss". She lived in Vienna with her father’s sister for several months. In August 1939 Charlotte left Vienna and came to England on a Kindertransport. Her family got arrested shortly after, and she was never able to find out what happened to them. After having arrived in England, Charlotte first lived in tents in the fields with children who had also been on the Kindertransport and then lived with an English family and helped with domestic work for about a year until war broke out. Charlotte then worked at an ammunition factory for the navy in Leicester for six years. Charlotte was able to leave England in 1947 with help of her father’s brother in New York. She came to New York in March 1947 and worked in her uncle’s restaurant. In 1948 Charlotte got married and lived mostly in the Bronx with her spouse Murray Brown (Braun) and their two children for 13 years while working at a department store. In 1978 Charlotte moved to Eugene, OR.Austrian Heritage Collectio

AHC interview with Irene Etlinger.

November 25, 20170:00:19-0:03:40 Growing up in Vienna0:03:41-0:06:45 Education in Vienna0:06:46-0:11:20 Religion0:11:21-0:16:01 Summers in Czechoslovakia and Carinthia0:16:02-0:17:55 Awareness of Nazism0:17:57-0:24:09 Café Eiles and the day when Hitler marched in0:24:14-0:27:50, 2:50:15-2:51:51 Father getting arrested0:27:51-0:30:23 Memories of her maid Poldi0:30:41-0:33:11 Receiving an affidavit from the Pallays family0:33:13-0:36:13 Obtaining papers0:36:14-0:44:17 Living with Simon Levi in London0:44:17-0:49:22 Living with the Nathans family0:49:23-0:52:41 Moving to a farm in Somerset0:52:42-1:00:51 Emigration route to New York1:00:51-1:07:17, 2:58:10-2:59:31 Ellis Island1:07:17-1:16:02 From Ellis Island to Portland1:16:03-1:23:11 Living with the Pallays and going to high school1:23:53-1:27:35 College and first job1:27:35-1:31:35 Getting married and family life1:31:36-1:42:00 What happened to the family in Vienna1:42:10-2:07:13 Life with parents in Portland2:07:17-2:13:35 Career and life in the US2:13:50-2:16:35 Grandmother Rosi Reiner née Barth2:19:57-2:31:40 Religion2:32:02-2:48:11 How spare time in Vienna was spent2:48:14-2:50:11 Parents’ reaction to the Nazis rise to power2:51:52-2:53:29 Recollections of “Kristallnacht”2:53:33-2:56:32 Keeping in touch with parents2:56:35-2:58:08 Enemy alien status in England3:00:10-3:12:38 Love-hate relationship to Vienna3:14:40-3:16:22 Austria’s dealing with its NS-past3:16:23-3:19:50 Opinion on world politics3:22:34-3:26:45 How war shaped life and identity3:26:47-3:28:20 Final messageIrene Etlinger née Reiner was born on September 8, 1922 in Vienna, Austria. She grew up as an only child with her parents, Hugo Reiner and Ludmilla, née Jakubec Reiner and a maid in an apartment in Taborstrasse 25 in Vienna’s second district. She attended elementary school in Johannesgasse in the first district, and in 1932 the family moved to a new apartment in Blechturmgasse 7 in Vienna’s fifth district. Irene went to the school of the women’s organization Frauenerwerbsverein for four years and then transferred to Handelsakademie for two years until Hitler marched in. Soon after the “Anschluss” her father and uncle, who owned a business together, were accused of improper bookkeeping and tax evasion and were arrested for two days. The family had to leave their home and moved to a place in Aegidigasse in the fourth district. Through an uncle of a schoolmate, Irene received an affidavit from the Pallays family in Portland, Oregon in August 1938. On December 9, 1938, she left by airplane via Prague and Rotterdam for London to wait for her US quota number, staying with the Pallays’ distant cousin, Simon Levi. She did not get to the US until one year later, when she took a ship from Liverpool to New York via Halifax and arrived on Ellis Island in New York on January 3, 1940. She was let out in New York within a day, stayed with relatives of the Pallays in Brooklyn for three weeks and then took a bus to Portland, Oregon. Irene went to Lincoln High School for a year and then to a business college. She stayed with the Pallays until she got married to Harry Etlinger in 1944. Irene’s parents came to Portland in 1947 and stayed with Irene, her husband and her two children.Austrian Heritage Collectio

AHC interview with Ilse Matalon.

May 4, 2080:01:42-0:08:05, 0:32:01-0:34:41 Childhood memories0:08:07-0:19:02 Father sent to camp and escaping Vienna0:19:04-0:22:18 Arriving in Montreal0:22:19-0:24:51 Being taken to Nazi rallies0:24:53-0:27:09 Recollections of “Kristallnacht”0:27:12-0:28:31, 0:53:09-0:54:52 Returning to Vienna0:34:42-0:36:02 Memories of mother Augustina Werner Gottfried0:36:03-0:42:20 Cultural and religious life0:42:21-0:49:31 Emigration route0:54:57-0:57:41 Life in Antwerp and obtaining papers0:57:42-1:02:25 Moving to Montreal1:04:32-1:05:59 Anti-Semitism1:07:51-1:11:11 Life in Montreal1:11:12-1:15:41 Austria’s dealing with its NS-past1:15:42-1:23:38 World citizen identity1:23:39-1:35:35 Thoughts on Israel and Zionism1:39:08-1:42:21 Final messageIlse Matalon née Gottfried was born on July 29, 1932 in Vienna, Austria. She grew up with her parents, her older brother and a nanny in an apartment in Flachgasse in Vienna’s fifteenth district. Ilse went to school in Vienna until she left Austria with her family in early December 1938. They fled with a Jewish organization across Germany and Holland to Antwerp. The family stayed in Antwerp for about five months until Ilse’s father succeeded in getting a Romanian passport. They boarded a ship in La Havre, France that brought them to Montreal in the summer of 1939. Ilse attended primary and high school in Montreal. She went to McGill University from ’49 –’53, followed by a year at Simmons College and settled down in Montreal.Austrian Heritage Collectio

AHC interview with Edith Matous.

November 28, 20170:00:15-0:01:10 Growing up in Vienna0:01:11-0:09:42 Parental home0:09:44-0:10:46 Impact of the “Anschluss”0:10:48-0:11:14 The day Hitler marched in0:11:21-0:12:40 School and religion0:12:42-0:17:58 Being expelled from school0:18:00-0:23:04, 1:38:07-1:39:43 Recollections of Vienna during the war0:23:05-0:24:46 Constant fear of being caught0:24:47-0:29:50 Work in a dry cleaning plant0:29:51-0:31:41, 1:42:30-1:46:07 Encounters with Gestapo0:33:48-0:37:20 Mother’s occupation0:37:21-0:40:53, 1:46:09-1:47:00 Classification as ”Halbjuden” and examinations by “anthropologists”0:42:07-0:43:46 Nazi propaganda0:44:32-0:48:55 End of war and Russian occupation0:48:57-0:53:18 Nursing school and work at Allgemeines Krankenhaus0:53:22-0:55:43 Getting married and obtaining visas0:55:44-1:00:00 Emigration route1:00:00-1:08:43 Life in Canada1:08:44-1:13:00 Educational life and career1:13:07-1:21:25 Memories of family members1:23:13-1:24:24 Relations to Austria1:25:05-1:27:30 Neighborhood and friends in Vienna1:34:14-1:35:17 Recollections of “Kristallnacht”1:39:45-1:42:26 Anti-Semitism2:01:38-2:09:07, 2:11:40-2:13:30 Thoughts on Austrian society2:09:08-2:11:37 Visiting her former apartment in Vienna2:21:23-2:25:38 Final messageEdith Matous née Weiss was born on September 5, 1927 in Vienna, Austria. She grew up with her parents, Markus Weiss and Marie Augusta, née Coen Weiss and her older sister Anny, married Kainz in a small apartment in Apollogasse 12 in Vienna’s seventh district. Her father was Jewish and her mother had converted from Catholicism to Judaism. Edith’s father died in 1933. After the “Anschluss” her mother converted back to Catholicism and Edith and her sister were baptized in the Catholic Church. They were classified as “Halbjuden” under the Nuremberg laws. Edith attended elementary school and then was transferred to a secondary Hauptschule, reserved for “half-Jews”. After having finished Hauptschule in 1941, Edith was not allowed to learn a trade; she and her sister were assigned to work in a dry cleaning plant, where she worked until the end of the war. Edith and her sister tried to get their classification as “Halbjuden” changed to “Aryan”, and they underwent examinations by “anthropologists”. During the war Edith and her sister refused to wear their yellow badges, except when facing authority such as the Gestapo. Their lives consisted of constant apprehension about being “discovered” and fear of deportation. When the war was over, Edith attended nursing school in Lainz for three years. She then started working at Vienna’s main hospital, Allgemeines Krankenhaus. She got married to Hans Matous in January 1951, and they both obtained visas for Canada the same year. They left Austria in November 1951, taking the ship Saturnia from Genoa to Halifax. They lived in various cities in Canada, and Edith worked as a nurse. Edith got her bachelor and master’s degrees and taught nursing in Papua New Guinea. She settled in Victoria, British Columbia in 1969.Austrian Heritage Collectio

AHC interview with Herbert Chanoch Kelman.

Part 10:00:23-0:04:59 Growing up in Vienna0:05:00-0:09:46 Impact of the “Anschluss”0:09:46-0:13:11 Life in Antwerp0:13:12-0:15:26, 1:29:29-1:32:15 Emigration route to New York0:15:53-0:18:43, 1:16:00-1:19:49 Religion and Zionism0:18:44-0:23:55 College and peace activities0:24:00-0:29:34 Political activism0:29:35-0:33:30, 1:00:07-1:02:57 Interest for social psychology0:33:30-0:35:58 U.S. citizenship0:35:59-0:42:25 Postdoctoral fellowship at John Hopkins University0:42:35-0:48:32 Peace research involvement0:48:55-0:52:25 Conscientious objector status0:52:32-1:00:06, 1:09:29-1:10:14 Civil rights work and congress of racial equality1:03:35-1:07:34 Fellowship at Stanford University1:07:38-1:09:18 Wife Rose B. Kelman1:10:20-1:12:38 Job at National Institute of Mental Health1:12:45-1:17:43 The Journal of Conflict Resolution1:17:45-1:19:50 Lecturer on social psychology at Harvard1:19:50-1:24:53 Fellowship at Institute for Social Research in Oslo1:24:54-1:27:09 First time back in Austria1:27:09-1:44:29 Visiting professor at Wirtschaftsuniversität WienPart 20:00:01-0:03:35, 1:35:12-1:38:24 Austria’s dealing with its NS-past0:03:36-0:04:51, 0:06:40-0:07:25, 0:11:15-0:13:02, 1:12:09-1:13:17 Apartments in Vienna0:04:51-0:06:40, 1:22:54-1:28:59 Recollections of “Kristallnacht”0:07:26-0:11:15, 0:13:03-0:16:07 Involvement in an exhibition in Vienna0:16:47-0:24:51 Professor of psychology and research psychologist at the University of Michigan0:25:05-0:39:57 Work on Israeli–Palestinian conflict0:39:57-0:44:24 Austrian Institute for International Affairs0:44:27-1:09:25 Herbert C. Kelman Institute for Interactive Conflict Transformation1:10:22-1:12:08 Parents Lea (née Pomeranz) Kelman and Leo Kelman1:13:22-1:14:10 Sister Esther Kelman1:14:12-1:15:55 About the name Chanoch1:19:50-1:22:53 Anti-Semitism1:32:18-1:35:08 How war shaped identity1:38:25-1:40:41 Final messageJanuary 18-19, 2018.Herbert C. Kelman was born on March 18, 1927 in Vienna, Austria. He grew up with his parents and his older sister in a culturally religious home and was part of religious Zionist youth movements. The family lived in an apartment in Weißgerberlände in Vienna’s third district. Herbert attended elementary school and went to the Zwi-Perez-Chajes-Schule for a short time. Due to the “Anschluss”, the family moved to an apartment in Schmelzgasse in the second district in June 1938, where they lived until they got visas to Belgium. In late March 1939 they first took a train to Germany, then a plane to Brussels and finally another plane to Antwerp. While waiting for visas to the US, Herbert and his sister went to school in Antwerp for a year. At the end of March 1940, the family went to France by train to board a ship in St. Nazaire, which brought them to New York on April 8, 1940.After having finished high School in Brooklyn, Herbert went to Brooklyn College and to the Jewish Theological Seminary in New York. He received his master’s degree and Ph.D. in Psychology from Yale University. He did post-doc studies at John Hopkins University for three years, followed by a fellowship at Stanford University. He then worked at the National Institute of Mental Health for two years, was a lecturer on social psychology at Harvard University from 1957 to 1962 and did another fellowship at the Institute for Social Research in Oslo. After this he was Professor of psychology and a research psychologist at the University of Michigan. In 1994 he was a visiting professor at Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien and several times after a visiting scholar at the Austrian Institute for International Affairs.As an interdisciplinary social scientist, who published books such as “International Behavior: A Social-psychological Analysis”, Kelman was president of several professional associations and recipient of many Austrian and American awards. He became Honorary President of the Herbert C. Kelman Institute for Interactive Conflict Transformation, which focuses on peace building in international and intra-societal conflicts such as the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.Austrian Heritage Collectio

AHC interview with Edith Lowy.

Part 1:0:00:19 - 0:05:05; 1:08:18-1:09:09 Growing up in Vienna before the "Anschluss"0:04:54-0:07:01; 1:17:17-1:19:07; 1:21:30-1:23:56; 2:08:32-2:10:29 Impacts of antisemitism after the "Anschluss"0:07:01-0:15:57; 1:28:42-1:29:27 Memories of her father and his deportation to Nisko in 19390:15:59-0:21:08; 1:29:30-1:31:34 Deportation to the concentration camp Theresienstadt in October 1942, arrival and conditions there0:21:10-0:22:40; 1:35:25-1:37:09 Deportation to the concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau in May 1944 and further to the concentration camp Stutthof0:22:44-0:27:27 Forced labor on a farm for harvest0:27:23-0:29:45 Getting back to Stutthof in winter 1945, forced to dig trenches0:29:46-0:34:34; 1:44:40-1:49:48 Death march in January 1945 and being sent to the Danzig-Burggraben concentration camp0:34:35-0:39:51 Memories of the Russians and the liberation0:39:52-0:46:03; 1:53:48-1:56:06; 2:07:16-2:08:31 Going back to Vienna and then to the DP camp in Deggendorf after the war0:46:07 -0:48:15; 2:11:20-2:19:01 Emigration process to the USA in May 19460:48:28-0:06:18; 0:59:43-1:02:26 Professional life of herself and her husband Louis Lowy in the USA0:56:19-0:59:43 Visits to Vienna1:02:43-1:06:30; 1:31:35-1:35:22 Memories of her grandparents Emanuel Jedlinsky (paternal grandfather) and Jeanette Rosalie Kempler (maternal grandmother), who survived Theresienstadt1:06:38-1:08:11 Father's and mother's professional life1:09:15-1:16:06 Role of religion1:19:32-1:21:29 Leo Baeck in Theresienstadt1:24:20-1:26:01 Kristallnacht and aftermath: a "gradual descent into hell"1:26:02-1:27:51; 1:37:11-1:38:28 Reflections on the way of coping with her own history1:38:33-1:43:56 Memories of her mother and the importance of staying together with her during the Holocaust1:49:52-1:51:58 Awareness of the Shoah1:55:05-2:03:12 Memories of her husband, Louis Lowy2:03:13-2:07:08 Visit to Theresienstadt2:19:01-2:21:35 Arriving in Boston2:21:39-2:25:50 First impressions of the United States2:25:51-2:32:35 Adjustment to the USA, citizenship and Austrian organizations2:32:46-2:34:06 Thoughts on Israel2:34:08-2:41:46 Connections to and thoughts about Austria2:41:51-2:43:45 Thoughts on memorial projects2:44:08-2:45:11 Thoughts on Donald Trump’s presidency---Follow-up interview with Anna Jungmayr:0:00:35-0:05:41 Performing 'Maria Stuart' by Friedrich Schiller in Theresienstadt0:05:41-0:11:59, 0:28:25-0:30:14 “Jugendheim” / illegal teaching0:13:41-0:17:11, 0:25:36-0:27:55 Myth of Theresienstadt0:17:07-0:20:44 Conditions in Theresienstadt0:20:47-0:25:36 Immediate post-war situation / displaced persons0:31:47-0:32:54 Edith Lowy’s drawings from Theresienstadt0:33:15-0:42:05 Working at the Window Shop in Cambridge, MAOctober 25, 2017 and January 16, 2018A book about Edith Lowy’s husband by Lorrie Greenhouse Gardella, The life and thought of Louis Lowy : social work through the Holocaust / Syracuse, N.Y. : Syracuse University Press, 2011, is available in the YIVO Library, call number 000132073.Edith, née Jedlinsky Lowy was born on February 9th, 1926 in Vienna, Austria, where she grew up in the 9th district in an apartment together with her father Joseph Jedlinsky, her mother Hilda, née Kempler and her maternal grandmother Jeanette Rosalie Kempler. Her mother was a master dress maker who had learned her trade at the Wiener Werkstaette. Edith Lowy went to a Montessori Kindergarten, to elementary school and to gymnasium (high school) until 1938, when she had to change to a Jewish school. Her father was deported from Vienna with the first transport to the Nisko “reservation” on October 20th, 1939. After their apartment was confiscated, Edith Lowy, her mother and her grandmother moved to her mother’s sister’s place, also in the 9th district.After being forced to move one more time to another place in Vienna, the four of them were deported in October 1942 to the Theresienstadt concentration camp. There, Edith Lowy stayed in a section for young people and met her future husband, Louis Lowy. He secretly taught English to the young detainees in the building’s attic and acted out the Schiller-drama “Maria Stuart” with them. In May 1944 Edith and her mother were deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau and in August 1944 to Stutthof. From there they were sent to a farm, forced to work for the harvest. Her mother eventually had to sew for the owner of the farm. After being sent back to Stutthof, where the two of them had to dig trenches, they were sent on a death march in January 1945. When they were not able to walk further they were sent to the Danzig-Burggraben concentration camp, where they both got typhoid. Soon after that, the camp was liberated by the Russians. Edith Lowy and her mother were taken to Danzig on the 21st of March where they stayed until the war was over, on May 8th 1945.After the end of the war, Edith and her mother came back to Vienna via Bratislava, but left again soon to the DP camp in Deggendorf, which was directed by Louis Lowy, whom Edith married there in December 1945. He managed to get papers for many inmates to emigrate to Palestine and the USA. Edith Lowy immigrated with him in May 1946 via Hamburg to New York on a liberty ship. Her mother had already gone there, one ship ahead. Soon after their arrival they went to Boston to live with her mother’s sister in law. Edith Lowy got a job in a factory and then worked for a few stores in Boston, including “The Window Shop”. Later, she got a degree in social work. Her husband graduated from Harvard School of social work, and due to his work they travelled several times to Europe, visiting also Vienna and the former concentration camp Theresienstadt. They had two children. Louis Lowy died in 1991, Edith Lowy stayed in Boston after his death.Austrian Heritage Collectio