1,673 research outputs found

    The Effect of Safety-Net Programs on Food Insecurity

    Get PDF
    We investigate to what extent major safety-net program benefits affect food insecurity in families. We impute program eligibility and benefits in each state for 2001-2009, accounting for cross-program eligibility rules. We use simulated eligibility and benefits for a nationally representative sample as instruments for imputed eligibility and potential benefits. Among nonimmigrant, low-income, single-parent families, $1,000 in potential cash or food benefits reduces the incidence of food insecurity by 1.1 percentage points on a base of 33 percent. Cash and food both reduce food insecurity. The results highlight the importance of jointly considering a full range of safety-net programs

    The Effect of Safety Net Programs on Food Insecurity

    Get PDF
    Does the safety net reduce food insecurity in families? In this paper we investigate how the structure of benefits for five major safety net programs – TANF, SSI, EITC, SNAP, and Medicaid – affects low food security in families and very low food security among children. We build a calculator for the years 2001-2009 to impute eligibility and benefits for these programs in each state, taking into account cross-program eligibility rules. To identify a causal effect of the safety net, we instrument for imputed eligibility and benefits using simulated eligibility and benefits for a nationally representative sample. Focusing on non-immigrant, single-parent families with incomes below 300 percent of the poverty line, the results suggest that the median annual cash and food package of roughly 3400reduceslowfoodsecurityby5.1percentagepointsonabaseincidenceof33percent,a16percentreduction.Thesamepackagereducesthemoreextremeoutcomeofchildhoodverylowfoodsecuritybyanimpreciselyestimated36percent.Controllingforreceiptofotherprogrambenefits,theSNAPfoodassistanceprogramimprovesfoodsecurity:each3400 reduces low food security by 5.1 percentage points on a base incidence of 33 percent, a 16 percent reduction. The same package reduces the more extreme outcome of childhood very low food security by an imprecisely estimated 36 percent. Controlling for receipt of other program benefits, the SNAP food assistance program improves food security: each 1000 in annual SNAP eligibility reduces low food security by 1.8 percentage points. We are unable to reject equivalent impacts of cash and food assistance

    The Impact of the ACA Medicaid Expansion on Disability Program Applications

    Get PDF
    The Affordable Care Act (ACA) expanded the availability of public health insurance, decreasing the relative benefit of participating in disability programs but also lowering the cost of exiting the labor market to apply for disability benefits. In this paper, we explore the impact of expanded access to Medicaid through the ACA on applications to the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) programs. Using the fact that the Supreme Court decision of June 2012 made the Medicaid expansion optional for the states, we compare changes in county-level SSI and SSDI caseloads in contiguous county pairs across a state border. We find no significant effects of the Medicaid expansion on applications or awards to either SSI or SSDI, and can reject economically meaningful impacts of Medicaid expansions on applications to disability programs

    The Effect of Safety Net Generosity on Maternal Mental Health and Risky Health Behaviors

    Get PDF
    Single mothers are more likely to experience mental health problems and stress-related negative health behaviors, but a more generous safety net may improve these outcomes. We use a simulated safety net eligibility approach that accounts for interactions across safety net programs and relies on changing policies across states and time to identify causal effects of safety net generosity on psychological distress and risky behaviors of single mothers. Results suggest that a more generous safety net is protective of maternal mental health: a $1000 increase to the simulated potential combined cash and food benefit package reduces severe psychological distress by 8.4 percent. Breaking out effects by individual programs while still controlling for potential benefits from other programs, we find protective effects of tax credits, cash benefits provided by Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, and food benefits provided by Supplemental Nutritional Assistance, but no effects of Medicaid eligibility. The effects are primarily driven by single mothers with the lowest levels of education. We find no significant effects of generosity on daily smoking, but we find evidence that benefits reduce the likelihood of heavy drinking. Results suggest that government investments in resources available to low-income families are effective at improving well-being

    Media Messages of Rural: Lessons from Minnesota

    Get PDF
    The goal of the Media Messages of Rural project was to examine the manner in which the metropolitan area media covers and reports events that occur in rural areas to the residents of Minnesota, and to gain a sense of how urban Minnesota media portrays the events and priorities of rural Minnesota. The focuses of the study were the St. Paul Pioneer Press and the Minneapolis Star Tribune. Articles from these sources were examined to locate evidence for the study. Information recorded from each article included: Location of reported community, topic of the story, environment of the rural area and the historical context of the definition.https://digitalcommons.morris.umn.edu/cst/1008/thumbnail.jp

    Improved scheme for generation of vibrational trio coherent states of a trapped ion

    Full text link
    We improve a previously proposed scheme (Phys. Rev. A 66 (2002) 065401) for generating vibrational trio coherent states of a trapped ion. The improved version is shown to gain a double advantage: (i) it uses only five, instead of eight, lasers and (ii) the generation process can be made remarkably faster.Comment: Latex, 4 pages, 4 figure

    Characterizing the outer ear transfer function in dependence of interindividual differences of outer ear geometry

    Get PDF
    The outer ear transfer function can be used to describe the influence of the outer ear canal and its geometric variance in cross-section as well as its path on the sound field in the ear canal and the sound pressure level resulting at the ear drum. The variance of outer ear geometry is described by analysis of polysiloxane castings of the outer ear. Algorithms are developed to determine various parameters of the outer ear geometry and to gain access on a huge amount of data (over 100.000 data sets). Sound transmission in form of the outer ear transfer function is analyzed for various outer ear geometries using a finite element model as well as an experimental setup. In both cases sound (frequency band: 20 Hz to 20 kHz) is send to a model of the outer ear as a plane wave parallel to the plane of the Pinna

    Effects of tafamidis on transthyretin stabilization and clinical outcomes in patients with non-Val30Met transthyretin amyloidosis

    Get PDF
    This phase II, open-label, single-treatment arm study evaluated the pharmacodynamics, efficacy, and safety of tafamidis in patients with non-Val30Met transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis. Twenty-one patients with eight different non-Val30Met mutations received 20 mg QD of tafamidis meglumine for 12 months. The primary outcome, TTR stabilization at Week 6, was achieved in 18 (94.7 %) of 19 patients with evaluable data. TTR was stabilized in 100 % of patients with non-missing data at Months 6 (n = 18) and 12 (n = 17). Exploratory efficacy measures demonstrated some worsening of neurological function. However, health-related quality of life, cardiac biomarker N-terminal pro-hormone brain natriuretic peptide, echocardiographic parameters, and modified body mass index did not demonstrate clinically relevant worsening during the 12 months of treatment. Tafamidis was well tolerated. In conclusion, our findings suggest that tafamidis 20 mg QD effectively stabilized TTR associated with several non-Val30Met variants

    EDIFY (Eating disorders: delineating illness and recovery trajectories to inform personalised prevention and early intervention in young people):Project outline

    Get PDF
    EDIFY (Eating Disorders: Delineating Illness and Recovery Trajectories to Inform Personalised Prevention and Early Intervention in Young People) is an ambitious research project aiming to revolutionise how eating disorders are perceived, prevented and treated. Six integrated workstreams will address key questions, including: What are young people's experiences of eating disorders and recovery? What are the unique and shared risk factors in different groups? What helps or hinders recovery? How do the brain and behaviour change from early- to later-stage illness? How can we intervene earlier, quicker and in a more personalised way? This 4-year project, involving over 1000 participants, integrates arts, design and humanities with advanced neurobiological, psychosocial and bioinformatics approaches. Young people with lived experience of eating disorders are at the heart of EDIFY, serving as advisors and co-producers throughout. Ultimately, this work will expand public and professional perceptions of eating disorders, uplift under-represented voices and stimulate much-needed advances in policy and practice

    Methods and approaches to advance soil macroecology

    Get PDF
    Motivation and aim Soil biodiversity is central to ecosystem function and services. It represents most of terrestrial biodiversity and at least a quarter of all biodiversity on Earth. Yet, research into broad, generalizable spatial and temporal patterns of soil biota has been limited compared to aboveground systems due to complexities of the soil system. We review the literature and identify key considerations necessary to expand soil macroecology beyond the recent surge of global maps of soil taxa, so that we can gain greater insight into the mechanisms and processes shaping soil biodiversity. We focus primarily on three groups of soil taxa (earthworms, mycorrhizal fungi and soil bacteria) that represent a range of body sizes and ecologies, and, therefore, interact with their environment at different spatial scales. Results The complexities of soil, including fine-scale heterogeneity, 3-D habitat structure, difficulties with taxonomic delimitation, and the wide-ranging ecologies of its inhabitants, require the classical macroecological toolbox to be expanded to consider novel sampling, molecular identification, functional approaches, environmental variables, and modelling techniques. Main conclusions Soil provides a complex system within which to apply macroecological research, yet, it is this property that itself makes soil macroecology a field ripe for innovative methodologies and approaches. To achieve this, soil-specific data, spatio-temporal, biotic, and abiotic considerations are necessary at all stages of research, from sampling design to statistical analyses. Insights into whole ecosystems and new approaches to link genes, functions and diversity across spatial and temporal scales, alongside methodologies already applied in aboveground macroecology, invasion ecology and aquatic ecology, will facilitate the investigation of macroecological processes in soil biota, which is key to understanding the link between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in terrestrial ecosystems
    corecore