Strengthening Public Institutions and Social Inclusion of Vulnerable Groups in A Developing Country - Innovation in Organizations and Artificial Intelligence Implications

Background: In the context of a developing nation, children\u27s participation in communal life is almost non-existent. The goal of the study is to contribute to national policies for local development that should prioritize the safety and well-being of the most vulnerable populations, particularly children under the age of 18. Innovating, including children in decision-making and maintaining local services in three pilot municipalities in order to prevent and combat all forms of exploitation to which they are exposed. How can Youth engagement in social and political community life be improved through better understanding of their needs and interests, and what are the artificial intelligence implications? Method: The methodology was used and designed to re-validate an existing program using pre-defined components of an agreement between the Italian and Lebanese governments. A needs study on the socio-demographic profile of youth and a situational analysis was conducted answering three objectives in the program of the Child Friendly City initiative. Results: Assuring the long-term viability and social inclusion of a significant socio-demographic group was successfully implemented: a free call center, software applications, a library, a digital network center, and the involvement of children on the municipal board of directors were established. The findings need to be adapted to various locations using artificial intelligence (AI) solutions and strategies for social awareness and behavior analysis. Conclusion: The importance of this study was underscored during the Covid-19 sanitary crisis, when some of these technologies enabled young people in impacted areas to integrate and become aware of the pandemic\u27s risk. The case was based on theories such as Gender Inequalities and Children\u27s Inclusion, Municipal Governance & Reform, Organizational Innovation (Public Sector), and Social Inclusion, and it demonstrates the value of innovating in the public sector and protecting vulnerable populations through the use of AI

Impacts of Human Body on Antenna Radiation in Indoor Environments : Numerical Modeling and Experimental Validation

International audienceThe presence of human body has an important influence on the wireless communication systems in indoor environments. The need of efficient prediction for such coverage becomes essential. This paper present an efficient electromagnetic indoor propagation modeling, taking into account the presence of human body and the nature of materials of the complex environment, based on the Finite-Difference Time-Domain method. Numerical results are compared with measurement results and show a good agreement

Electromagnetic Propagation Modeling in Office Environment

International audienceWireless propagation modeling is more and more needed for optimal indoor coverage in complex environment (such as offices, classrooms, etc.). Thus the need to predict electromagnetic propagation efficiently and accurately in the presence of obstacles, allowing engineers to planning efficiently the communicating devices. This paper will present a rigorous electromagnetic indoor propagation modeling based on the FDTD (3D) method taking into account the presence of various obstacles. A comparison between numerical results obtained by FDTD code and Ray Tracing software will be presented and compared with measurement results. Computational performance efficiency of these methods will also be discussed

Modélisation de la Propagation Electromagnétique dans un Environnement de type Bureau à 2.4 GHz

International audienceL'usage de plus en plus répandu des systèmes de communication sans fils dans des milieux confinés (ou milieux " indoor "), rend nécessaire la prédiction d'une couverture électromagnétique efficace et précise en présence d'obstacles, permettant aux ingénieurs de planifier efficacement les dispositifs communicants. Cet article présente une modélisation rigoureuse de la propagation des ondes électromagnétiques à l'intérieur des bâtiments. Elle est basée sur la méthode FDTD en tenant compte de la complexité environnementale et des caractéristiques des matériaux caractérisant l'environnement considéré. Les résultats numériques obtenus montrent un bon accord avec les études expérimentales menées à 2.4 GHz dans le même environnement

Contribution à l'étude du canal de propagation à l'intérieur des bâtiments par simulations et mesures

He continuous evolution of wireless communication systems in indoor environments requires the development of characterization and modeling tools for electromagnetic waves propagation, in order to answer the engineer's issues and needs and to ensure the best planning and an optimal operation of the communicating systems. The work carried out during this thesis concerns antenna radiation modeling, taking into account the environment complexity. The modeling method based on FDTD, detailed in this manuscript, provides efficiently and accurately the fields' strengths, taking account of propagation and radio waves interactions phenomena in any environment. Two main objectives of improvement were brought to this code. The first focused on improving its performance, and the second concerned the emission of multi-sources and the integration of a human body model in order to ensure more realism to modeling realized with this code. The validation of the FDTD code was done by comparative studies in three different environments. The first study concerned a wireless communication through metallic watertight doors on ship board. Good accuracy of the FDTD code was noticed by comparing the code's and measurements' results. The second study concerned the antenna radiation within a typical office environment. The results obtained by measurements were compared to those obtained by the FDTD code and other simulation tools (HFSS and the raytracing tool "Wireless lnsite"). They have shown that the FDTD code provides the most accurate results with an acceptable computational time and without big computer resources. The last study examined the human presence effect in a steel room. Measurements' and FDTD code's results were compared and a qood aqreement was obtained.L'évolution continue des systèmes de communications sans fil en indoor rend nécessaire le développement des outils de caractérisation et de modélisation de la propagation des ondes électromagnétiques; afin de répondre aux problématiques et besoins d'ingénieur et de garantir une meilleure planification et un fonctionnement optimal des systèmes communicants. Les travaux effectués dans le cadre de cette thèse portent sur la modélisation du rayonnement des antennes en tenant compte de la complexité environnementale. La méthode de modélisation basée sur la FDTD, détaillée au cours de ce manuscrit, permet d'obtenir d'une manière efficace et précise les niveaux de champs, en tenant compte des phénomènes de propagation et d'interaction des ondes radioélectriques dans un environnement quelconque. Des améliorations ayant deux objectifs essentiels, ont été apportées à ce code. Le premier s'est consacré à améliorer ses performances, et le deuxième s'est intéressé à l'intégration d'un modèle de corps humain et d'autres sources d'émission, dans le but d'assurer plus de réalisme à la modélisation effectuée avec ce code. La validation du code FDTD a été menée par des études comparatives réalisées dans trois environnements différents. La première étude a porté sur une communication sans fil à travers des portes étanches métalliques à bord d'un navire. Une bonne précision du code FDTD a été relevée en comparant les résultats obtenus par ce code avec ceux obtenus par des mesures. La deuxième a porté sur la caractérisation du rayonnement d'antennes dans un bureau universitaire. Les résultats obtenus par des mesures effectuées dans cet environnement ont été confrontés aux ceux obtenus par le code FDTD et par d'autres outils de simulation (HFSS et un outil de tracé de rayons "Wireless lnsite"). Ils ont permis de montrer la capacité du code FDTD à fournir les résultats les plus proches des mesures avec un temps de calcul acceptable et sans avoir besoin de grandes ressources informatiques. La dernière étude a porté sur l'effet de la présence humaine dans une chambre en acier. Une comparaison entre les résultats fournis par le code FDTD et ceux obtenus expérimentalement a été réalisée et un bon accord a été observé

Contribution to the study of the indoor propagation channel by simulations and measurements

L'évolution continue des systèmes de communications sans fil en indoor rend nécessaire le développement des outils de caractérisation et de modélisation de la propagation des ondes électromagnétiques; afin de répondre aux problématiques et besoins d'ingénieur et de garantir une meilleure planification et un fonctionnement optimal des systèmes communicants. Les travaux effectués dans le cadre de cette thèse portent sur la modélisation du rayonnement des antennes en tenant compte de la complexité environnementale. La méthode de modélisation basée sur la FDTD, détaillée au cours de ce manuscrit, permet d'obtenir d'une manière efficace et précise les niveaux de champs, en tenant compte des phénomènes de propagation et d'interaction des ondes radioélectriques dans un environnement quelconque. Des améliorations ayant deux objectifs essentiels, ont été apportées à ce code. Le premier s'est consacré à améliorer ses performances, et le deuxième s'est intéressé à l'intégration d'un modèle de corps humain et d'autres sources d'émission, dans le but d'assurer plus de réalisme à la modélisation effectuée avec ce code. La validation du code FDTD a été menée par des études comparatives réalisées dans trois environnements différents. La première étude a porté sur une communication sans fil à travers des portes étanches métalliques à bord d'un navire. Une bonne précision du code FDTD a été relevée en comparant les résultats obtenus par ce code avec ceux obtenus par des mesures. La deuxième a porté sur la caractérisation du rayonnement d'antennes dans un bureau universitaire. Les résultats obtenus par des mesures effectuées dans cet environnement ont été confrontés aux ceux obtenus par le code FDTD et par d'autres outils de simulation (HFSS et un outil de tracé de rayons "Wireless lnsite"). Ils ont permis de montrer la capacité du code FDTD à fournir les résultats les plus proches des mesures avec un temps de calcul acceptable et sans avoir besoin de grandes ressources informatiques. La dernière étude a porté sur l'effet de la présence humaine dans une chambre en acier. Une comparaison entre les résultats fournis par le code FDTD et ceux obtenus expérimentalement a été réalisée et un bon accord a été observé.He continuous evolution of wireless communication systems in indoor environments requires the development of characterization and modeling tools for electromagnetic waves propagation, in order to answer the engineer's issues and needs and to ensure the best planning and an optimal operation of the communicating systems. The work carried out during this thesis concerns antenna radiation modeling, taking into account the environment complexity. The modeling method based on FDTD, detailed in this manuscript, provides efficiently and accurately the fields' strengths, taking account of propagation and radio waves interactions phenomena in any environment. Two main objectives of improvement were brought to this code. The first focused on improving its performance, and the second concerned the emission of multi-sources and the integration of a human body model in order to ensure more realism to modeling realized with this code. The validation of the FDTD code was done by comparative studies in three different environments. The first study concerned a wireless communication through metallic watertight doors on ship board. Good accuracy of the FDTD code was noticed by comparing the code's and measurements' results. The second study concerned the antenna radiation within a typical office environment. The results obtained by measurements were compared to those obtained by the FDTD code and other simulation tools (HFSS and the raytracing tool "Wireless lnsite"). They have shown that the FDTD code provides the most accurate results with an acceptable computational time and without big computer resources. The last study examined the human presence effect in a steel room. Measurements' and FDTD code's results were compared and a qood aqreement was obtained

Design and experiment of RF rectifiers for wireless power transmission

International audienceThis paper presents the design and experiment of series mounted diode rectifier and single stage voltage doubler rectifier at 2.45GHz for applications involving microwave power transmission. Input matching circuit and harmonics filtering at both the input and output have been optimized for high efficiency operation. The series topology is dedicated to low input power conversion. Measurement results show that 40% and 27% RF-DC conversion efficiency are achieved for 0 dBm and -5 dBm input power respectively at 2.45GHz. A maximum efficiency of 54% is obtained for an input power of 12 dBm and a 3V output DC voltage is measured at a 1KΩ DC load when the rectifier is matched to 50Ω. The voltage doubler structure is aimed for high input power conversion and exhibits more than 4V at 2.4GHz for input power above 15 dBm

Attitude towards Online Shopping during Pandemics: Do Gender, Social Factors and Platform Quality Matter?

Because of the advancement of electronic commerce, online shopping has emerged, merging commercial and social activities and enhancing the social presence and value of the online environment. To improve the understanding of the changes in the consumer behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study proposes a set of characteristics connected to the social side of online shopping and their influence on client purchasing attitude in addition to the quality of the platforms that are being used (service quality, system quality and information quality). For this matter, a survey of 289 Lebanese people was circulated in 2021 and a quantitative method was used to answer three research questions. Types of goods purchased and frequency of buying on-line were tested to check the presence of any gender differences, in addition to the relationship between the variables studied in the model. According to the research, social presence, social value, and tendency to compare products on different shopping platforms all have a significant correlation with the attitude towards online shopping, where the system quality was the least significant. When it comes to purchasing frequency and product types, the data gathered imply that gender disparities are considerable. This study does not consider the consumer’s living environment or whether there are any age differences between the generations shopping online

Design and Optimization of a GSM Printed Dipole Antenna for Energy Harvesting Applications

International audienceIn this paper the design and optimization of a GSM printed dipole antenna for energy harvesting is presented. A very small reflector is placed behind the antenna to increase its gain. This antenna can be used in indoor or outdoor energy harvesting applications. An interesting characteristic is its planar structure which allowing an easy fabrication with low cost. Simulations and measurements have been carried out using HFSS simulator tool and an anechoic chamber to examine the antenna characteristics as gain and radiation patterns. Comparisons between measurements and simulations are done in order to validate the suggested design