Perceptions of health risk among parents of overweight children: a cross-sectional study within a cohort.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics associated with perceptions of weight-related health risk among the parents of overweight children. METHODS: Baseline data from a cohort of parents of children aged 4-11 years in five areas in England in 2010-2011 were analysed; the sample was restricted to parents of overweight children (body mass index ≥ 91(st) centile of UK 1990 reference; n=579). Associations between respondent characteristics and parental perception of health risk associated with their child's weight were examined using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Most parents (79%) did not perceive their child's weight to be a health risk. Perception of a health risk was associated with recognition of the child's overweight status (OR 10.59, 95% CI 5.51 to 20.34), having an obese child (OR 4.21, 95% CI 2.28 to 7.77), and having an older child (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.32 to 5.41). However, 41% of parents who considered their child to be overweight did not perceive a health risk. CONCLUSIONS: Parents that recognise their child's overweight status, and the parents of obese and older children, are more likely to perceive a risk. However, many parents that acknowledge their child is overweight do not perceive a related health risk

Teori Perilaku Konsumen

Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari kita sering melakukan transaksi jual beli suatu barang atau produk baik itu secara langsung yaitu dengan cara mengunjungi perusahaan atau pasar, atau secara tidak langsung sebagai contohnya adalah pedagang online. Banyak sekali yang beranggapan bahwa membeli dengan media online lebih efisien dan mudah, tetapi kita juga tidak bisa melihat produk atau barang secara langsung. Melakukan jual beli produk secara langsung memiliki perilaku yang harus selalu kita perhatikan seperti, cara berkomunikasi antar penjual dengan konsumen atau sebaliknya. Maka dari itu, sikap atau perilaku konsumen juga sangat berpengaruh penting dalam melakukan kegiatan evaluasi barang yang diinginkan. Setiap konsumen juga memiliki motivasi dan persepsi yang berbeda-beda pada setiap melakukan mencari, membeli, mengevaluasi produk atau barang yang dibutuhkan. Ada beberapa faktor dari lingkungan seperti kebudayaan, kelas sosial dan keluarga yang sering berpengaruh penting untuk proses jual beli

Teori Perilaku Konsumen

Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari kita sering melakukan transaksi jual beli suatu barang atau produk baik itu secara langsung yaitu dengan cara mengunjungi perusahaan atau pasar, atau secara tidak langsung sebagai contohnya adalah pedagang online. Banyak sekali yang beranggapan bahwa membeli dengan media online lebih efisien dan mudah, tetapi kita juga tidak bisa melihat produk atau barang secara langsung. Melakukan jual beli produk secara langsung memiliki perilaku yang harus selalu kita perhatikan seperti, cara berkomunikasi antar penjual dengan konsumen atau sebaliknya. Maka dari itu, sikap atau perilaku konsumen juga sangat berpengaruh penting dalam melakukan kegiatan evaluasi barang yang diinginkan. Setiap konsumen juga memiliki motivasi dan persepsi yang berbeda-beda pada setiap melakukan mencari, membeli, mengevaluasi produk atau barang yang dibutuhkan. Ada beberapa faktor dari lingkungan seperti kebudayaan, kelas sosial dan keluarga yang sering berpengaruh penting untuk proses jual beli

Teori Perilaku Konsumen

Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari kita sering melakukan transaksi jual beli suatu barang atau produk baik itu secara langsung yaitu dengan cara mengunjungi perusahaan atau pasar, atau secara tidak langsung sebagai contohnya adalah pedagang online. Banyak sekali yang beranggapan bahwa membeli dengan media online lebih efisien dan mudah, tetapi kita juga tidak bisa melihat produk atau barang secara langsung. Melakukan jual beli produk secara langsung memiliki perilaku yang harus selalu kita perhatikan seperti, cara berkomunikasi antar penjual dengan konsumen atau sebaliknya. Maka dari itu, sikap atau perilaku konsumen juga sangat berpengaruh penting dalam melakukan kegiatan evaluasi barang yang diinginkan. Setiap konsumen juga memiliki motivasi dan persepsi yang berbeda-beda pada setiap melakukan mencari, membeli, mengevaluasi produk atau barang yang dibutuhkan. Ada beberapa faktor dari lingkungan seperti kebudayaan, kelas sosial dan keluarga yang sering berpengaruh penting untuk proses jual beli

Teori Perilaku Konsumen

Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari kita sering melakukan transaksi jual beli suatu barang atau produk baik itu secara langsung yaitu dengan cara mengunjungi perusahaan atau pasar, atau secara tidak langsung sebagai contohnya adalah pedagang online. Banyak sekali yang beranggapan bahwa membeli dengan media online lebih efisien dan mudah, tetapi kita juga tidak bisa melihat produk atau barang secara langsung. Melakukan jual beli produk secara langsung memiliki perilaku yang harus selalu kita perhatikan seperti, cara berkomunikasi antar penjual dengan konsumen atau sebaliknya. Maka dari itu, sikap atau perilaku konsumen juga sangat berpengaruh penting dalam melakukan kegiatan evaluasi barang yang diinginkan. Setiap konsumen juga memiliki motivasi dan persepsi yang berbeda-beda pada setiap melakukan mencari, membeli, mengevaluasi produk atau barang yang dibutuhkan. Ada beberapa faktor dari lingkungan seperti kebudayaan, kelas sosial dan keluarga yang sering berpengaruh penting untuk proses jual beli

Increasing Skin Infections and Staphylococcus aureus Complications in Children, England, 1997-2006

During 1997-2006, general practitioner consultations for skin conditions for children <18 years of age in England increased 19%, from 128.5 to 152.9/1,000 child-years, and antistaphylococcal drug prescription rates increased 64%, from 17.8 to 29.1/1,000 child-years. During the same time period, hospital admissions for Staphylococcus aureus infections rose 49% from 53.4 to 79.3/100,000 child-years.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Increasing Short-Stay Unplanned Hospital Admissions among Children in England; Time Trends Analysis '97-'06

BACKGROUND: Timely care by general practitioners in the community keeps children out of hospital and provides better continuity of care. Yet in the UK, access to primary care has diminished since 2004 when changes in general practitioners' contracts enabled them to 'opt out' of providing out-of-hours care and since then unplanned pediatric hospital admission rates have escalated, particularly through emergency departments. We hypothesised that any increase in isolated short stay admissions for childhood illness might reflect failure to manage these cases in the community over a 10 year period spanning these changes. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We conducted a population based time trends study of major causes of hospital admission in children 2 days. By 2006, 67.3% of all unplanned admissions were isolated short stays <2 days. The increases in admission rates were greater for common non-infectious than infectious causes of admissions. CONCLUSIONS: Short stay unplanned hospital admission rates in young children in England have increased substantially in recent years and are not accounted for by reductions in length of in-hospital stay. The majority are isolated short stay admissions for minor illness episodes that could be better managed by primary care in the community and may be evidence of a failure of primary care services

Can the relationship between ethnicity and obesity-related behaviours among school-aged children be explained by deprivation? A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: It is unclear whether cultural differences or material disadvantage explain the ethnic patterning of obesogenic behaviours. The aim of this study was to examine ethnicity as a predictor of obesity-related behaviours among children in England, and to assess whether the effects of ethnicity could be explained by deprivation. SETTING: Five primary care trusts in England, 2010-2011. PARTICIPANTS: Parents of white, black and South Asian children aged 4-5 and 10-11 years participating in the National Child Measurement Programme (n=2773). PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Parent-reported measures of child behaviour: low level of physical activity, excessive screen time, unhealthy dietary behaviours and obesogenic lifestyle (combination of all three obesity-related behaviours). Associations between these behaviours and ethnicity were assessed using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: South Asian ethnic groups made up 22% of the sample, black ethnic groups made up 8%. Compared with white children, higher proportions of Asian and black children were overweight or obese (21-27% vs16% of white children), lived in the most deprived areas (24-47% vs 14%) and reported obesity-related behaviours (38% with obesogenic lifestyle vs 16%). After adjusting for deprivation and other sociodemographic characteristics, black and Asian children were three times more likely to have an obesogenic lifestyle than white children (OR 3.0, 95% CI 2.1 to 4.2 for Asian children; OR 3.4, 95% CI 2.7 to 4.3 for black children). CONCLUSIONS: Children from Asian and black ethnic groups are more likely to have obesogenic lifestyles than their white peers. These differences are not explained by deprivation. Culturally specific lifestyle interventions may be required to reduce obesity-related health inequalities

Predictors of health-related behaviour change in parents of overweight children in England.

OBJECTIVE: Providing parents with information about their child's overweight status (feedback) could prompt them to make lifestyle changes for their children. We assessed whether parents of overweight children intend to or change behaviours following feedback, and examined predictors of these transitions. METHODS: We analysed data from a cohort of parents of children aged 4-5 and 10-11 years participating in the National Child Measurement Programme in five areas of England, 2010-2011. Parents of overweight children (body mass index ≥91st centile) with data at one or six months after feedback were included (n=285). The outcomes of interest were intention to change health-related behaviours and positive behaviour change at follow-up. Associations between respondent characteristics and outcomes were assessed using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: After feedback, 72.1% of parents reported an intention to change; 54.7% reported positive behaviour change. Intention was associated with recognition of child overweight status (OR 11.20, 95% CI 4.49, 27.93). Parents of older and non-white children were more likely to report behaviour changes than parents of younger or white children. Intention did not predict behaviour change. CONCLUSIONS: Parental recognition of child overweight predicts behavioural intentions. However, intentions do not necessarily translate into behaviours; interventions that aim to change intentions may have limited benefits