In vitro antioxidant and anticancer potential of intra-cellular ethyl acetate extract of marine-derived fungus Talaromyces tratensis SS10

Marine fungi are well-known for producing structurally distinct secondary metabolites, making them potential sources of novel therapies. The present investigation aims to study the in vitro antioxidant and anticancer potential of intra-cellular crude ethyl acetate extracts of Talaromyces tratensis SS10. In the present study, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical studies of various solvent extracts of T. tratensis have been carried out using standard protocols. Later, ethyl acetate extract of T. tratensis was analyzed for phytochemicals using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Further, the antioxidant properties of the T. tratensis ethyl acetate extract have been done by Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP). Further, the anticancer potential of this extract has been carried out by MTT assay against human cancer cells such as MDA MB 231, HeLa, and HT-29. Ethyl acetate exhibited a higher yield of chemical extraction than the other solvents used. The GCMS analysis of T. tratensis ethyl acetate extract revealed major phytoconstituents such as N-(1,1-Dimethylpropyl)-2,2,3-trimethylaziridine-1-carboxamide, 1-Undecanol, 5,5 Dimethyl-3-vinyl cyclohex-2-en-1-one, 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis (2-methyl propyl) ester. T. tratensis ethyl acetate extract showed the highest percentage of Fe3+ reduction (48.093±1.469%) at 120 μg/mL, with an IC50 value of 157.26 μg/mL concentration. Furthermore, 100 μg/mL of the extract showed significant cell death rates in cytotoxic assays, indicating a low percentage of viable cells for all three examined cell lines. The T. tratensis ethyl acetate extract has shown a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect against all tested cancer cell lines. The better IC50 value (6.25 μg/mL) was recorded in the case of HeLa cell lines followed by 12.5 μg/mL for both MDA MB 231 and HT-29 cell lines. The presence of bioactive compounds such as Benzeneethanamine, N-[(pentafluorophenyl)methylene]-beta.,3,4-tris[(trimethylsilyl) oxy]-, 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester, and cyclononasiloxane, octadecamethyl- may have contributed to the ethyl acetate extracts’ strong antioxidant and anticancer properties. The current study’s findings show that T. tratensis SS10 has the potential for drug development due to its chemical constituents, which possess various biological activities

A REVIEW ON HERBO MINERAL FORMULATIONS CONTAINING LAUHA (IRON) W.S.R TO RASENDRA SARA SANGHRAHA

Rasendra Sara Sangraha is the oldest and most exhaustive treatise of Rasa Shastra, an important branch of Ayurveda, which revolutionised Ayurveda Pharmacopeia in the medieval period. It is one of classical works of 14th century period written by Sri Gopala Krishna Bhatt consists of 5 chapters with 2531 verses. Rasendra Sara Sangraha comprising the compilation of various times tested and therapeutically proved Rasayoga formulations. Lauha (iron) is a very essential element of the body system for treating many disease conditions as well as for physiological existence. Iron used as medicine from the Vedic period. Lauha preparations are extensively used from Acharya Charakas period in the form of Ayasruti and Navayasa loha. Rasendra Sara Sangraha has mentioned a total of 222 herbo mineral formulations having Lauha (iron). The present study deals with the chapter wise review of formulations of Rasendra Sara Sangraha containing Lauha as an ingredient mentioned in various disease conditions like Jwara, Arsas, krimi, Pandu, Soola, Pradara, Sodha and Gulma etc. These Lauha containing Herbo mineral Formulations has been elaborately compiled in 222 formulations

Identification of promising lines for yield from IR64/Akihikari Recombinant Inbred Lines under low nitrogen

Not AvailableFor identification of lines with promising yield under low nitrogen (N), a total of 117 Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) derived from IR64, an improved and released variety in Akihikari as recurrent parent, were evaluated for two seasons dry (Rabi) 2014 and wet (Kharif) 2015 under field with low and recommended N. The difference between the mean yields of the low and recommended N in both seasons was not significant indicating the differential genotypic response under low and recommended N and the difference between the means of season was about 30%, indicating the role of the season in determining the yield under differential N. Out of 50 promising lines identified for low and recommended N, six promising lines were identified with yields ranging from 11.2 ± 0.65 to 18.3 ± 1.06 (Dry 2014) and 7.1 ± 0.41 to 15.4 ± 0.89 (Wet 2015) under low N suggesting the possibility of evaluation of the mapping populations as a promising strategy for the identification of breeding lines with promising yield under low N.Not Availabl

Contribution of body mass index to postoperative outcome in minority patients

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the association of body mass index (BMI) category with short‐term outcomes in minority surgical patients—a relationship that previously has not been well characterized. METHODS: Data from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program were used to calculate the BMI of minority patients undergoing surgery from 2005 to 2008. Patients were stratified into 5 BMI classes. Stepwise logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios for mortality after controlling for known clinically relevant covariates. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morbidity and mortality at 30 days, across all 5 BMI classes. RESULTS: Among 119,619 minority patients studied, 50% were African American, 36% Hispanic, 10% Asian and Pacific Islanders, and 4% American Indian and Alaskan natives. Seventy percent were overweight or obese. Women were more likely to be obese or severely obese. The overall mortality rate was 1.5%, and this varied significantly by BMI class. Distribution of 30‐day mortality demonstrated a progressive decrease, with the highest risk of death in the underweight class, and the lowest risk of death in the severely obese class. This relationship was maintained, even in patients with at least 1 major postoperative complication. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of being overweight or obese was high in this nationally representative cohort of minority surgical patients. Although BMI class is a significant predictor of 30‐day mortality, the effect appeared paradoxical. The poorest outcomes were in the underweight and normal BMI patients. Severely obese patients had the lowest risk of mortality, even after experiencing a major postoperative complication. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012; © 2011 Society of Hospital Medicine.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90173/1/958_ftp.pd

KASP genotyping reveals disease resistance and yield enhancement in swarna introgression lines

Deployment of marker-assisted selection (MAS) in the molecular breeding programmes has transformed the crop breeding over the last decade, bringing speed and precision to the breeding programmes. The experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) seasons of 2019, 2020, and 2021 at ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana for validation of the Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) SNP markers for routine marker- assisted selection through genotyping and phenotyping of a set of breeding lines segregating for grain number, yield and resistance to bacterial blight and blast diseases. Initially, 150 introgression lines of Swarna possessing bacterial leaf blight (Xa21), blast (Pi54) and yield enhancing gene (Gn1a) at ICF4 generation were genotyped using trait specific KASP markers, and a set of 22 plants was identified to be homozygous for all the three genes, 68 plants were found positive for two genes possessing either Xa21 + Gn1a and Pi54 + Gn1a, rest were having different single gene. Simultaneously, plants which were triple gene positives were also subjected for stringent phenotypic screening for the targeted stresses, viz. bacterial blight and blast disease resistance and further evaluated for grain number and other key agronomic traits. All the three-gene positive plants exhibited high level of resistance to bacterial blight and blast diseases in comparison with positive checks and displayed higher grain number and yield than the recurrent parent, Swarna. The efficiency of SNP marker system provided by Intertek is accurate, cost effective and accurate with phenotype

Are glucose levels, glucose variability and autonomic control influenced by inspiratory muscle exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes? Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Physical exercise reduces glucose levels and glucose variability in patients with type 2 diabetes. Acute inspiratory muscle exercise has been shown to reduce these parameters in a small group of patients with type 2 diabetes, but these results have yet to be confirmed in a well-designed study. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of acute inspiratory muscle exercise on glucose levels, glucose variability, and cardiovascular autonomic function in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS/DESIGN: This study will use a randomized clinical trial crossover design. A total of 14 subjects will be recruited and randomly allocated to two groups to perform acute inspiratory muscle loading at 2 % of maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax, placebo load) or 60 % of PImax (experimental load). DISCUSSION: Inspiratory muscle training could be a novel exercise modality to be used to decrease glucose levels and glucose variability. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02292810

Latency-aware highly-reliable mmWave systems via multi-point connectivity

Abstract The sensitivity of the millimeter-wave (mmWave) radio channel to blockages is a fundamental challenge in achieving low-latency and highly-reliable connectivity. In this paper, we explore the viability of using Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) transmission for delay bounded and reliable mmWave systems. We propose a blockage-aware framework for the sum-power minimization problem under the user-specific latency requirements in time dynamic mobile access networks. We use the Lyapunov optimization approach and provide a dynamic control algorithm, which transforms a time-average stochastic problem into a sequence of deterministic subproblems. A robust beamformer design is then proposed by exploiting the queue backlogs and channel information, that efficiently allocates the required resources, by proactively tuning the CoMP subsets from the available remote radio units (RRUs), according to the instantaneous needs of the users. Further, to adapt to the uncertainties of the mmWave channel, we consider a pessimistic estimate of the rates over link blockage combinations across the CoMP serving set. Moreover, after the relaxation of coupled and non-convex constraints via the Fractional Program (FP) techniques, a low-complexity closed-form iterative algorithm is provided by solving a system of Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions. The simulation results manifest that, in the presence of random link blockages, the proposed methods outperform the baseline scenarios and provide power-efficient, highly-reliable, and low-latency mmWave communication

Latency-aware reliable mmWave communication via multi-point connectivity

Abstract The sensitivity of millimeter-wave (mmWave) radio channel to blockage is a fundamental challenge in achieving low-latency and reliable connectivity. In this paper, we explore the viability of using coordinated multi-point (CoMP) transmission for a delay bounded and reliable mmWave communication. We provide an iterative algorithm for the time-average sum-power-minimization problem by solving a system of Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions. We use the Lyapunov optimization framework and derive a dynamic control algorithm to transform a time-average stochastic problem into a sequence of deterministic subproblems. Furthermore, for the robust beamformer design, we consider a pessimistic estimate of the user-specific rate, assuming that a portion of CoMP links would be blocked during the data transmission phase, while ensuring the average latency requirements. The numerical examples illustrate that in the presence of random blockages, the proposed method outperforms baseline scenarios and results in energy-efficient, high-reliability and low-latency mmWave communication

PAPR reduction in MIMO-OFDM via power efficient transmit waveform shaping

Abstract In this paper we revisit the long-standing problem of peak-to-average power ratio minimization in MIMO-OFDM systems, with a new angle of approach on a well-known scheme. Utilizing the principles of tone reservation, we place dummy symbols, i.e., complex coefficients, on unused space-frequency resources with the aim of jointly minimizing the transmit signal PAPR and the self-power consumption of the dummy symbols. To solve this joint minimization, we propose three different algorithms exhibiting varying degrees of computational complexity and PAPR reduction performance. Our proposed framework utilizes the strict PAPR expression, i.e., we take into account the average transmit power of the antenna, to simultaneously reduce the PAPR on all antennas while keeping the self-power consumption of the scheme minimal. Our simulation results show that this optimization objective provides better worst-case PAPR reduction and dummy symbol power consumption performance compared to the peak power minimization objective widely utilized in the tone reservation literature. Finally, we propose a novel take on a well-known block-diagonalization algorithm by exploiting knowledge on dummy symbol allocations, resulting in high-gain data streams in downlink transmission

Remote sensing based change analysis of rice environments in Odisha, India

The rainfed rice-growing environment is perhaps one of the most vulnerable to water stress such as drought and floods. It is important to determine the spatial extent of the stress-prone areas to effectively and efficiently promote proper technologies (e.g., stress-tolerant varieties) to tackle the problem of sustainable food production. This study was conducted in Odisha state located in eastern India. Odisha is predominantly a rainfed rice ecosystem (71% rainfed and 29% canal irrigated during kharif-monsoon season), where rice is the major crop and staple food of the people. However, rice productivity in Odisha is one of the lowest in India and a significant decline (9%) in rice cultivated area was observed in 2002 (a drought year). The present study analyzed the temporal rice cropping pattern in various ecosystems and identified the stress-prone areas due to submergence (flooding) and water shortage. The spatial distribution of rice areas was mapped using MODIS (MOD09Q1) 250-m 8-day time-series data (2000–2010) and spectral matching techniques. The mapped rice areas were strongly correlated (R2 = 90%) with district-level statistics. Also the class accuracy based on field-plot data was 84.8%. The area under the rainfed rice ecosystem continues to dominate, recording the largest share among rice classes across all the years. The use of remote-sensing techniques is rapid, cost-effective, and reliable to monitor changes in rice cultivated area over long periods of time and estimate the reduction in area cultivated due to abiotic stress such as water stress and submergence. Agricultural research institutes and line departments in the government can use these techniques for better planning, regular monitoring of land-use changes, and dissemination of appropriate technologies