Data_Sheet_1_Development of the Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy Instrument (IPVPI).docx

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy can lead to negative consequences for both the mother and offspring. Although IPV is recognized as a worldwide public health issue, its prevalence is considered to be underestimated because cases are likely underreported, suggesting that there might be unmeasured IPV. The aim of this study was to develop an instrument to detect IPV in pregnant women.Methods: A total of 6,590 women in Aichi prefecture, Japan, who took part in a 3 or 4 month infant health checkup program, participated in the study. Questionnaires assessing history of IPV during pregnancy (physical abuse and verbal abuse), maternal characteristics, partner's characteristics, and household characteristics were mailed to women before, or distributed at, the checkup. Women returned the questionnaires to the checkup sites or mailed them back to the health centers. A prediction model for history of IPV was then generated using potential risk factors selected based on the literature.Results: Among 6,530 women who responded to either question on IPV during pregnancy (response rate = 67.3%), the rate of participants who experienced any IPV during pregnancy was 11.1% (physical IPV = 1.2%; verbal IPV = 10.8%). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that maternal age (Conclusion: The IPVPI, which allows to ask indirect questions rather that asking directly about experience of IPV, might be helpful to detect unmeasured IPV in pregnant women in fields of primary healthcare and obstetrics. Further research longitudinal studies are needed to improve the sensitivity and specificity of the IPVPI.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Association of Paternal Workplace and Community Social Capital With Paternal Postnatal Depression and Anxiety: A Prospective Study.docx

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to examine the association between workplace and community social capital and fathers' postpartum depression and anxiety at 3 months after delivery in Japan.MethodsFathers who had babies delivered in two obstetric clinics in Tokyo, Japan were recruited to take part in the study (response rate = 76.2%). Participants completed questionnaires measuring workplace and community social capital, depression, and anxiety at 1 week and a follow-up at 3 months post-delivery (N = 398). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed with multiple imputation for missing data (at most, N = 60, 15.1%).ResultsCommunity social capital was inversely associated with both depressive symptoms (β = −0.21, 95%CI = −0.33 to −0.08) and anxiety (β = −0.38, 95%CI = −0.66 to −0.11) at 3 months, after adjusting for covariates. No association was found between workplace social capital and depressive symptoms and anxiety.ConclusionPaternal community social capital, but not workplace social capital, was shown to be a preventive factor for paternal depression and anxiety up to 3 months post-delivery. To prevent paternal mental health problems during the postpartum period, an intervention to promote paternal community, rather than workplace, social capital may be warranted.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Association of Adverse Childhood Experiences Including Low Household Income and Peer Isolation With Obesity Among Japanese Adolescents: Results From A-CHILD Study.pdf

BackgroundAdverse childhood experience (ACE) is a major risk factor for obesity in both adults and adolescents. Although, arguably, peer isolation and low household income could be conceived as of ACEs, few studies have included these experiences as ACEs.ObjectivesThis study aims to examine whether ACEs, including peer isolation and low household income, are associated with obesity in adolescents.MethodsWe used pooled data from the Adachi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty (A-CHILD) study in 2016 and 2018, which is a school-based cross-sectional study in Adachi City, Tokyo, Japan, N = 6,946, 4th (9–10 years old), 6th (11–12 years old), and 8th (13–14 years old) grades. Among the eight items of ACEs, adolescents assessed one item, including peer isolation, and their caregivers assessed seven other items using questionnaires. The adolescents' body mass index (BMI) was measured in school health checkups and calculated to fit the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to investigate the association of the cumulative ACEs and each type of ACE with BMI, in which the study was conducted in 2020.ResultsThe number of ACEs was not associated with overweight or obesity among adolescents after adjusting for covariates. As for each type of ACE, single parenthood and low household income showed a significant independent association with obesity.ConclusionsThe number of ACEs was not associated with overweight or obesity in Japanese adolescents, while single parenthood and low household income showed a significant positive association with obesity. Further longitudinal studies are needed to replicate this association among adolescents.</p

Table_1_Impact of School Closure Due to COVID-19 on the Social-Emotional Skills of Japanese Pre-school Children.docx

Objective: This study examines the impact on the social-emotional skills of Japanese pre-school children from downsizing of school activities in conjunction with voluntary school closures due to the first wave of COVID-19, in 2020.Methods: Participants included 32 children aged 4–5 years old from three pre-schools in Tokyo, Japan, where strict lockdown was not implemented and voluntary school closure was recommended. Child social-emotional skills was assessed by classroom teachers using Devereux Student Strengths Assessment mini (DESSA-mini) three times: November 2019, January 2020 (before the COVID-19), and March 2020 (during the first COVID-19 wave). All pre-schools implemented voluntary school closures from March 2nd, and two schools (school A and B) canceled school recitals, while one school (school C) allowed for it to be held on March 4th, with precautions in place to prevent the spread of infection. Repeated measures ANOVA were performed to examine the difference between the T scores of the DESSA-mini three pre-schools before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Results: In school C, children showed stable T scores of the DESSA-mini, whereas children in school A and B showed lower T scores of the DESSA-mini during COVID-19 than before it started. The interaction effects between time and pre-schools were found (F = 7.05, p Conclusion: Our findings suggest that school recitals in pre-schools were important to maintaining children's social-emotional skills during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p

Standardized factor loadings for the bi-factor model using entire sample.

<p>Standardized factor loadings for the bi-factor model using entire sample.</p

Unidimensional factor model.

<p>Unidimensional factor model.</p

Bi-factor model.

<p>Bi-factor model.</p

The fit indices of the unidimensional, two-dimensional, and bi-factor models.

The fit indices of the unidimensional, two-dimensional, and bi-factor models.</p

Two-dimensional factor model.

<p>Two-dimensional factor model.</p

DataSheet_1_Association between skipping breakfast and prediabetes among adolescence in Japan: Results from A-CHILD study.docx

ObjectiveAdolescents with prediabetes are at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes in later life. It is necessary to identify risk factors for prediabetes in adolescents. This study aimed to examine the association between skipping breakfast and prediabetes among adolescents in Japan.Study designWe used the population-based cross-sectional data of eighth grade in junior high school students from the Adachi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty (A-CHILD) study conducted in Adachi City, Tokyo, Japan, in 2016, 2018, and 2020. Skipping breakfast was assessed using self-reported questionnaires (N=1510). Prediabetes was defined as hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels of 5.6-6.4%. The association between skipping breakfast and prediabetes was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Stratified analysis was also performed using BMI, 1 SD or more, or less than 1SD, as overweight was defined as 1SD or more.ResultsStudents who skipped breakfast were 16.4% (n=248). The prevalence of prediabetes was 3.8% (n=58). Skipping breakfast exhibited a significant association with prediabetes (OR:1.95, 95% CI: 1.03 to 3.69) after adjusting for sex, annual household income, family history of diabetes mellitus, BMI, and survey year. Stratified analysis showed stronger association among students with overweight (BMI ≥1SD) (OR=4.31, 95% CI 1.06-17.58), while non-sigificant among students without overweight (BMIConclusionsSkipping breakfast in Japanese adolescents, especially those with overweight, was associated with prediabetes. The promotion of avoiding skipping breakfast may help to prevent prediabetes.</p