Analisis fraktal emisi sinyal ULF dan kaitannya dengan gempa bumi di Indonesia

Anomali sinyal ULF pada variasi medan geomagnet adalah merupakan salah satu fenomena yang diyakini kebenarannya dalam studi elektromagnetik yang berhubungan dengan kejadian gempa bumi, seperti terjadinya emisi dari kerak bumi yang berasal dari sumber gempa. Dari studi terdahulu telah banyak ditemukan pertanda anomali sinyal ULF sebelum kejadian gempa bumi berskala besar. Untuk membuktikan kebenaran fenomena tersebut dan untuk menjelaskan hubungan antara fenomena elektromagnetik dan mekanisme fisis yang mungkin terkait, telah dilakukan analisis data geomagnet di Kototabang yang berhubungan dengan kejadian gempa Sumatera. Studi kasus dilakukan untuk mengamati anomali sinyal ULF yang berhubungan dengan gempa Aceh yang terjadi pada tanggal 26 Desember 2004 dan gempa Nias yang terjadi pada tanggal 28 Maret 2005 dengan menggunakan metode analisis fraktal. Dalam analisis fraktal, penentuan anomali emisi sinyal ULF dilakukan dengan menghitung dimensi fraktal dari deret waktu ULF. Untuk menentukan dimensi fraktal digunakan metode Higuchi karena dimensi fraktal yang dihitung dengan metode ini lebih stabil dibandingkan dengan metode lainnya. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan terjadinya penurunan dimensi fraktal 1 bulan hingga beberapa minggu sebelum kejadian gempa besar tersebut. Hal ini merupakan indikasi dari fase awal terjadinya peningkatan aktivitas seismik yang kemungkinan terkait dengan variasi geomagnet yang diakibatkan oleh aktivitas lokal yang berasal dari litosfer yang dipicu oleh kejadian gempa bumi di Aceh dan Nias. Kata kunci : Anomali sinyal ULF, dimensi fraktal, aktivitas seismi

Mengungkap Aktivitas Antikanker Senyawa Dihidrokaempferida secara In Silico

This study aims to perform molecular docking of dihydrokaempferide and to predict the ADMET profiles of dihydrokaempferide. The molecular docking was conducted on DAPK1 macromolecules (5AUX and 5AV3) by preparation of dihydrokaempferide, preparation of DAPK1, docking simulation of dihydrokaempferide, visualization of docking results, and ADMET analysis. The molecular docking of dihydrokaempferide produced a binding affinity value of -6.9 kcal/mol for 5AUX and of -5.7 kcal/mol for 5AV3. The ADMET prediction indicated dihydrokaempferide had good physicochemical properties according to the criteria of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity

Evaluasi Parameter Fisikokimia, Farmakokinetika, dan Farmakodinamika Senyawa Fisetin Dalam Desain Obat

Fisetin is a flavonoid with flavonol framework found in various fruits and vegetables such as strawberries, apples, persimmons, lotus root, grapes, onions, kiwi, peaches, and others. Fisetin with four hydroxyl and one oxo groups shows biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and anticancer. Thus, fisetin becomes an interesting target for finding alternative therapeutic agents. However, more than 50% of drug candidates fail due to poor absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) analysis. This research studied the physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic parameters of fisetin to avoid those problems by using PreADMET, SwissADME, dan Molinspiration. The results revealed good physicochemical parameters for fisetin with potential to be used as oral or transdermal. Fisetin was known to be quite easy synthesized, crossed the BBB, non-toxic, not carcinogenic in mice, and had a medium cardiotoxicity. Furthermore, fisetin inhibited kinases, nuclear receptor ligands, and enzymes. It was moderate as GPCR ligands and ion channel modulators

Inhibition breast carcinogenesis via PI3K/AKT pathway using bioactive compounds of Strychnine tree (Strychnos nux-vomica): in silico study

Breast cancer poses a significant global health challenge, with a notable prevalence in Indonesia. Given the intricate nature of breast cancer progression and classification, precise treatment strategies are imperative, particularly targeting signaling pathways like PI3K/AKT, pivotal in cell growth, proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. Bioactive compounds from the Strychnine tree demonstrate potential in enhancing apoptotic effects and inhibiting breast carcinogenesis. This potential is explored through in silico studies. This research aims to analyze potential targets of Strychnine tree compounds, along with binding energy and stability between ligands and receptors. Employing bioinformatics target analysis, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation, the study reveals AKT1 as a potential target of Strychnine tree compounds. These compounds inhibit AKT1 at both active and allosteric sites, displaying notably low binding energy scores. For example, brucine exhibits a binding energy of -10.83 kJ/mol at the active site, surpassing the standard capivasertib. However, lupeol, with a binding energy of -11.14 kJ/mol, falls short of the MK-2206 standard at the allosteric site. Molecular dynamics simulations expose fluctuations in parameters like RMSD, RMSF, and binding energy within the initial 5 ns. In conclusion, Strychnine tree compounds, such as brucine and lupeol, showcase potential AKT1 inhibition at both active and allosteric sites, enhancing apoptotic effects. However, the stability of these compounds in binding to their receptors within the first 5 ns of the simulation warrants further investigation for prolonged interactions.  

Combination of Leunca Herb Ethanolic Extract and Doxorubicin Suppresses HeLa Cells’ Growth

Leunca (Solanum nigrum L.)ethanolic extractshowedcytotoxic activity on several cancer cell lines (HepG2, HT-29) and showed anti-proliferative activityon MCF-7 cells. Its application as a combinationagent in chemotherapy will increase the effectivity and reduce the toxicity of chemotherapy. We predict that application of combinatorial chemotherapy in cancer treatment will be more effective and less toxic compared to single treatment. Our research aims to investigate the cytotoxic activitiy of leunca herbs ethanolic extract alone and in combination with doxorubicin on HeLa cell line. MTT assay was conducted to measure the growth inhibitory effect of leunca herbs ethanolic extract and combinatorial treatments. Leunca herb ethanolic extract (5, 50, 250 μg/ml) increased the cytotoxic effect of  doxorubicin compared to doxorubicin alone. The strongest cytotoxic activity resulted from the combination of 250 μg/ml leunca herbs ethanolic extract and 250 nM doxorubicin. Based on our results, leunca herbs ethanolic extract is a potential chemopreventive agent, while its molecular mechanism needs to be explored.Keywords : Leunca herbs ethanolic extract, doxorubicin, HeLa, MTT assa

Molecular Docking of 6-shogaol and Curcumin on DNMT1 and LSD1 As Potential Agents for Thalassemia Treatment

Beta-thalassemia therapy is developed by increasing γ-globin production which binds to α-globin to form haemoglobin fetal (HbF). Meanwhile, DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) play an important role in silencing the HbF gene by inhibiting the production of HbF and inducing haemoglobin subunit alpha (HbA) expression. 6-Shogaol and curcumin induce HbF by inhibiting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) expression. Therefore, this study predicts the interaction between 6-shogaol and curcumin on DNMT1 and LSD1. The protein structure of DNMT1 (3SWR) and LSD1 (6KGP) was prepared by removing the water molecules, while the validation step was performed by separating protein from native ligands (sinefungin for 3SWR and flavine-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) for 6KGP) in new protein data bank files. Furthermore, the protein was docked with a native ligand to obtain grid box coordinates, while the root means standard deviation (RMSD) was calculated from the conformation results of the validation process. 6-Shogaol and curcumin were docked with coordinates of the validation results, and the best conformation was visualized with Discovery Studio. The validation step results in the RMSD value of 0.861Å and 1.410Å for DNMT1 and LSD1, respectively. The binding affinity of 6-shogaol and curcumin on DNMT1 was -6.5 kcal/mol and -8.0 kcal/mol, respectively. Furthermore, the binding affinity of 6-shogaol and curcumin on LSD1 was -8.2 kcal/mol and -10.1 kcal/mol, respectively. Amino acid residues found in DNMT1 interaction include Gly1147, Phe1145, Glu1168, Asn1278, Pro1225, Leu1151, Val1580, Ala1579, Asn1578, Trp1170, and Ala1579; meanwhile, Val288, Ser289, Arg310, Gly285, Thr624, Leu659, Lys661, Arg316, Leu625, Tyr761, Trp751, Gly330, and Leu659 were found in LSD1. This study showed that curcumin has the potential to inhibit DNMT1 as well as LSD1 proven by lower bonding energy and stronger bond types compared to sinefungin and FAD native ligands and other DNMT1 and LSD1 inhibitors

PEMBERDAYAAN USAHA EKONOMI KREATIF MELALUI PENDEKATAN PELATIHAN DAN PENDAMPINGAN USAHA PEMBUATAN PRODUK JAMU KEKINIAN SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCAPAIAN SDGS DI KELURAHAN YOSOREJO, KOTA METRO

Sebagian besar masyarakat di Kelurahan Yosorejo, Kecamatan Metro Timur memiliki pekarangan rumah atau kebun yang sebagian ditanami tanaman obat keluarga (TOGA) seperti kunyit, temulawak, temugiring, jahe kencur, sirih, kecombrang, sambiloto, binahong dan lain-lain. Kendala utama yang dihadapi adalah belum optimalnya pemanfaatan tanaman obat keluarga (TOGA), rendahnya pengetahuan dan teknologi untuk membuat jamu kekinian yang berkualitas, jumlah diproduksi masih terbatas, jenis dan variasi produk juga masih sedikit dan market share masih rendah. Selain produk jamu, tanaman TOGA belum dilakukan pengembangan teknologi menjadi produk herbal yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi seperti sabun.  Faktor tersebut yang membuat industri jamu tradisional tidak bisa berkembang. Maksud Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) adalah mengembangkan usaha jamu kekinian pada Ibu-ibu PKK kelurahan Yosorejo agar dapat membantu meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat. Tujuannya Mengembangkan dan memperbaiki usaha jamu tradisional menjadi jamu kekinian yang modern yang bisa mengangkat salah satu produk warisan leluhur turun temurun. Dengan cara memproses tahap-tahapan pembuatan produk secara benar, mengedukasi Ibu-Ibu PKK untuk giat mengembangkan usaha yang menguntungkan dan memiliki peluang yang sangat terbuka. Kegiatan dilakukan dengan metode pelatihan secara langsung serta pembagian produk jamu kekinian dan sabun organik ke masyarakat. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah masyarakat dapat memahami dan mampu membuat jamu dan sabun organik berbahan dasar tanaman TOGA

MCF-7 Resistant Doxorubicin are Characterized by Lamelapodia, Strong Adhesion on Substrate and P-gp Overexpression

The prognosis of breast cancer patients is closely associated with the response of tumor cells to chemotherapy agent. Doxorubicin is one of the primary chemotherapeutic agents used for the treatment of breast cancer. Resistance to chemotherapy is believed to cause treatment failure in cancer patients. Furthermore, long time exposure to chemotherapeutic agent induces cancer cells resistance. MCF-7 sensitive cells used as chemoresistance model have overexpression P-gp (P-glycoprotein). Chemoresistance was established by treating MCF-7 cells with 0.5 µg/ml doxorubicin-contained medium for a week. 50% inhibiting concentration (IC50) doxorubicin on MCF-7 cells/DOX were determined using MTT assay. Western blot assay and immunocytochemistry assay was performed to determine the expression of P-gp. Morphological of MCF-7 cell/DOX was changing to become larger and have lamellapodia. IC50 value of doxorubicin was 700 nM on MCF-7/DOX and 400 nM on sensitive MCF-7 cells. The MCF-7/DOX sensitivity to doxorubicin was decreased, shown by 1.5 fold higher IC50 of doxorubicin on MCF-7/DOX compared to MCF-7 sensitive cells. Treatment doxorubicin to sensitive MCF-7 cells leads to the increasing P-gp expression. The P-gp level expression has strong correlation with the low sensitivity of MCF-7/DOX to doxorubicin.Keywords: doxorubicin, resistance cells, sensitive MCF-7 cel

Inhibition breast carcinogenesis via PI3K/AKT pathway using bioactive compounds of Strychnine tree (Strychnos nux-vomica): in silico study

Breast cancer poses a significant global health challenge, with a notable prevalence in Indonesia. Given the intricate nature of breast cancer progression and classification, precise treatment strategies are imperative, particularly targeting signaling pathways like PI3K/AKT, pivotal in cell growth, proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. Bioactive compounds from the Strychnine tree demonstrate potential in enhancing apoptotic effects and inhibiting breast carcinogenesis. This potential is explored through in silico studies. This research aims to analyze potential targets of Strychnine tree compounds, along with binding energy and stability between ligands and receptors. Employing bioinformatics target analysis, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation, the study reveals AKT1 as a potential target of Strychnine tree compounds. These compounds inhibit AKT1 at both active and allosteric sites, displaying notably low binding energy scores. For example, brucine exhibits a binding energy of -10.83 kJ/mol at the active site, surpassing the standard capivasertib. However, lupeol, with a binding energy of -11.14 kJ/mol, falls short of the MK-2206 standard at the allosteric site. Molecular dynamics simulations expose fluctuations in parameters like RMSD, RMSF, and binding energy within the initial 5 ns. In conclusion, Strychnine tree compounds, such as brucine and lupeol, showcase potential AKT1 inhibition at both active and allosteric sites, enhancing apoptotic effects. However, the stability of these compounds in binding to their receptors within the first 5 ns of the simulation warrants further investigation for prolonged interactions

INCREASING SENSITIVITY OF MCF-7/DOX CELLS TOWARDS DOXORUBICIN BY HESPERETIN THROUGH SUPPRESSION OF P-GLYCOPROTEIN EXPRESSION

Long-term use of doxorubicin causes cancer resistance due to overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a protein that plays a role in cell drug efflux. The purpose of this study is to determine the action of hesperetin in increasing the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin on MCF-7 cancer cells resistant to doxorubicin (MCF-7/DOX) through suppression of P-gp expression. Cytotoxic assay of single and combinational treatment of doxorubicin and hesperetin were performed by using MTT assay. Apoptosis evidence was examined by using double staining with acridine orange and ethidium bromide dyes, while Pgp expression was determined by using immunocytochemistry. Hesperetin reduced cell viability in dose dependent manner. Both MCF-7 ori and MCF-7/DOX cells gave different responses to hesperetin with the IC50 values of >500μM and 267μM, respectively. Combining treatment of hesperetin and doxorubicin to MCF-7/DOX cells at the dose of 95μM and 230nM increased apoptosis evidence and suppressed P-gp expression. These results suggest that hesperetin enhances the anticancer effect of doxorubicin to resistance MCF-7 cells through suppression of P-gp expression