The causes of adhesive direct dental restorations failures

The modern dental caries adhesive direct restoration requires a working protocol that includes stages and techniques that must be strictly followed to ensure the correct morphological and functional reconstruction, as well as an increased longevity of the restoration and implicitly of the respective tooth in the oral cavity. Failures in achieving these goals are represented by the occurrence of recurrent caries, secondary or residual caries, coronary fractures, leading to pulpal and periodontal complications. They can be due to both incorrect therapeutic maneuvers and other causes, for which the dentist is not responsible, such as manufacturing defects of dental materials that are not visible during inspection or the patient's attitude towards oral hygiene

THE IMPORTANCE OF INTRODUCING MEDICAL LEGISLATION IN THE UNIVERSITY TRAINING PROGRAM FOR STUDENTS

The place of medical legislation in the university curriculum remains somehow uncertain and should be identified more clearly. A more robust knowledge base on the law is needed to enable medical students to develop sufficient legal competence to manage the challenges of future practice. Further research is needed to identify the most effective methods of teaching, learning and assessing legal knowledge and skills, during and after the completion of initial medical education. An in-depth analysis of resources shows that there is no robust evidence base that evaluates the impact in different curricular structures of the efficient methods in developing the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors needed in medical practice of student. Moreover, only a limited number of studies refer to the results and effectiveness of teaching and learning the elements of medical legislation

The Effectiveness of Different Final Irrigation Protocols for Removal of Calcium Hydroxide Intracanal Medication from Root Canal

Calcium hydroxide is the most used intracanalar medicament between apointments. It shoud be properly removed before root canal filling because its remnants could compromise the sealing of root obturation. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two type of irrigation solutions, EDTA and SmearClear in the removal of calcium hydroxide from root canals. Materials and method: twenty human single rooted teeth were prepared using ProTaper Universal instrumentation till F2, .06 taper. The canals were filled with Ca(OH)2 and after 7 days the Ca(OH)2 was removed using 3 rinses of 5 ml 15% EDTA and 5 ml 5.25% NaOCl alternately (group 1; n=10) or 3 rinses of 5 ml Smear Clear (SybronEndo) and 5 ml 5.25% NaOCl alternately (group 2; n=10). Results: On the final radiographs the best result was found in group 2 where the cleanliness of the total surface of the root canal wall when SmearClear was used obtained better results comparative to NaOCl – 15% EDTA (91.34% to 71.69%). Conclusions: under the limitation of this study, SmearClear was superior in removing Ca(OH)2 material compared to NaOCl and 15% EDTA irrigation solution

FREQUENT PROCEDURAL ERRORS AND STRUCTURAL COMPLICATIONS ON ENDODONTICAL TREATED TEETH

The objectives of root canal treatment are to prevent the apical parodontitis, to heal the acute or cronic apical periodontits and to maintain the results, keeping the teeth on the arch in a functional stage. Thus, accuratelly elimination of soft and hard tissues (cleaning and shaping of the root canal system), disinfection and complete, homogeneous and tridimensional filling of the root canal system are very important to successful endodontic treatment. Modern concepts in endodontic treatment rely on technological progress and therefore many cases are successfully fulfilled, but the practitioner may be put in front of procedural erorrs both during and after endodontic treatment. Apical blockage, ledging, zipping, stripping, perforations in the floor of the pulp canal chamber or root canals perforations are the most common errors, but in many clinical situations they can be prevented and even surpassed once happened

Specific Aspects of Endodontic Medication in Chronic Apical Periodontitis

This article presents specific aspects regarding the role of endodontic medication in the conservative treatment in chronic apical periodontitis. Starting from the bacterial microflora, the etiological factor of the periapical lesions, we discuss about the modalities of identification by the means of in vivo and in vitro tests of the microorganisms present inside the root canal. The characteristics of these methods of microbiological evaluations, as well as their clinical relevance, are reviewed. The general characteristics of endodontic antimicrobial medication are presented, as well as the causes of endodontic failures in treatment in chronic apical periodontitis. It is underlined the essential importance of the rigorous biomechanical treatment, in association with endodontic lavage, which makes the antibacterial medication only have a subordinate role in the treatment of chronic apical lesions